Txhua Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Tau Paub Txog Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Zoo Siab
- Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws ntsig
- Ua rau mob ntsws ntsig txog cov hlab ntsha tawg
- Kev kuaj mob ntshav txhaws (pulmonary arterial hypertension)
- Kev kho mob los ntawm mob ntsws ntsig
- Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob
- Kev phais mob
- Txoj kev ua neej hloov
- Lub neej cia siab nrog mob ntsws ntsig
- Cov theem ntawm pulmonary arterial tawg
- Lwm hom kev mob ntsws ntsig
- Kev ntsuas rau ntshav tawm ntawm txoj hlab ntshav txhaws
- Mob ntsws hauv cov menyuam mos cov menyuam mos
- Cov lus qhia rau mob ntsws ntsig txog txoj hlab ntshav siab
- Q:
- A:
Tus mob ntshav liab yog dab tsi?
Kev mob ntsws pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), yav dhau los hu ua thawj zaug hauv cov hlab ntsws ntshav, yog ib hom ntshav siab uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Nws ua mob rau koj cov hlab ntsws thiab cov hlab ntsha. Cov hlab ntshav no nqa cov ntshav los ntawm txoj cai qis dua hauv koj lub plawv (txoj hlab cua yog txoj cai) mus rau hauv koj lub ntsws.
Raws li lub siab hauv koj cov hlab ntsws thiab cov ntshav me ntxiv, koj lub plawv yuav tsum sib zog ua haujlwm kom tso ntshav mus rau koj lub ntsws. Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, qhov no ua rau koj lub plawv cov leeg. Thaum kawg, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab tsis ua haujlwm thiab tuag.
Tsis muaj txoj kev kho tau PAH, tab sis muaj cov kev kho mob. Yog tias koj muaj PAH, kev kho yuav pab kom koj tus mob tsawg zuj zus tuaj, txo qhov muaj feem tshwm sim, thiab txo koj lub neej.
Cov tsos mob ntawm mob ntsws ntsig
Hauv cov theem pib ntawm PAH, koj yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Thaum tus mob loj zuj zus tuaj, cov tsos mob yuav pom tseeb dua. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim suav nrog:
- ua pa nyuaj
- nkees
- kiv taub hau
- tsaus muag
- lub hauv siab ceev
- mob hauv siab
- cov mem tes ceev
- lub plawv dhia
- bluish zas rau koj daim di ncauj lossis tawv nqaij
- o ntawm koj qij taws lossis ceg
- o nrog kua hauv koj lub plab, tshwj xeeb yog tom qab ntawm kev mob
Koj yuav pom nws ua pa nyuaj thaum ua exercise lossis lwm yam kev tawm dag zog. Thaum kawg, kev ua pa kuj tuaj yeem nyuaj thaum lub sijhawm so, thiab. Tshawb nrhiav kom paub cov cim tshwm sim ntawm PAH.
Ua rau mob ntsws ntsig txog cov hlab ntsha tawg
PAH loj zuj zus tuaj thaum cov hlab ntsha loj thiab cov hlab ntsha siab uas coj ntshav los ntawm koj lub plawv rau koj lub ntsws tau txwv lossis rhuav tshem. Qhov no tau xav los ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej ntsig txog, tab sis qhov tseeb vim li cas PAH tshwm sim yog tsis paub tseeb.
Hauv thaj tsam li 15 txog 20 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob, PAH yog cov muaj cai, raws li National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Qhov no suav nrog kev hloov caj ces uas yuav tshwm sim hauv Phau Ntawv Foos BMPR2 gene lossis lwm caj ces. Kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txuas dhau los ntawm cov tsev neeg, ua rau tus neeg ntawm ib qho kev sib hloov no muaj lub peev xwm tom qab tsim PAH.
Lwm cov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog tsim PAH suav nrog:
- kab mob siab
- yug los ua neeg mob plawv
- qee yam mob sib txuas ntawm cov nqaij mos
- qee yam kab mob, xws li HIV kis tus mob lossis schistosomiasis
- qee cov co toxins lossis tshuaj, nrog rau qee yam tshuaj lom neeg (methamphetamines) lossis tam sim no tawm ntawm kev lag luam ua kom tsis qab los noj mov
Muaj qee kis, PAH muaj kev paub tab uas tsis paub tias muaj feem cuam tshuam dab tsi. Qhov no paub li idiopathic PAH. Tshawb nrhiav li cas idiopathic PAH raug kuaj thiab kho mob.
Kev kuaj mob ntshav txhaws (pulmonary arterial hypertension)
Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj yuav muaj PAH, lawv yuav xaj ib lossis ntau qhov kev ntsuas los ntsuam xyuas koj cov hlab ntsws thiab lub plawv.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob PAH yuav yog:
- electrocardiogram txhawm rau tshuaj xyuas lub cim ntawm txoj hlab ntsha txawv txav lossis tsis txaus siab hauv lub plawv
- echocardiogram tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub siab thiab ntsuas kev mob ntsws ntsig ntshav
- Xoo hluav taws xob xoo txhawm rau kawm yog tias koj cov hlab ntsha ntsig los yog sab hauv txoj cai hauv koj lub plawv mob siab
- CT scan lossis MRI scan txhawm rau txhawm rau saib ntshav txhaws, nqaim, lossis puas rau hauv koj cov hlab ntsha cov ntsws
- txoj cai plawv catheterization ntsuas ntsuas ntshav siab hauv koj cov hlab ntsha ntsws thiab txoj hlab ntsws txoj cai ntawm koj lub plawv
- Kev kuaj ntshav ntsws ntsig kom ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm thiab ntws ntawm huab cua mus rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm koj lub ntsws
- kuaj ntshav mus kuaj txhawm rau saib cov tshuaj cuam tshuam nrog PAH lossis lwm yam mob
Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv cov kev sim no txhawm rau txhawm rau soj ntsuam PAH, nrog rau lwm yam ua rau koj cov tsos mob Lawv yuav sim txiav txim tawm ntawm lwm cov laj thawj tsim nyog ua ntej kuaj xyuas PAH. Tau txais xov xwm ntxiv txog tus txheej txheem no.
Kev kho mob los ntawm mob ntsws ntsig
Tamsis no, tseem tsis tau paub txog kev kho mob PAH, tab sis kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob yooj yim, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem, thiab ua rau lub neej muaj sia ntev.
Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob
Txhawm rau pab tswj koj tus mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv rau ib lossis ntau hom tshuaj kho mob hauv qab no:
- kev kho prostacyclin los txhawm rau txhaws koj cov hlab ntshav
- soluble guanylate cyclase stimulants los ziab koj cov hlab ntshav
- endothelin receptor antagonists los thaiv cov kev ua ntawm endothelin, uas yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom koj cov hlab ntshav nqaim.
- anticoagulants txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws
Yog tias PAH cuam tshuam nrog lwm qhov mob hauv koj rooj plaub, koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv rau lwm cov tshuaj los pab kho tus mob ntawd. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho cov tshuaj uas koj tau noj tam sim no. Tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj ntxiv uas koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv rau.
Kev phais mob
Nyob ntawm seb koj mob npaum li cas, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom muaj kev phais mob. Atrial septostomy tuaj yeem ua kom txo qis siab rau sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv, thiab txoj hlab ntsws lossis lub plawv thiab lub ntsws tuaj yeem hloov lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Hauv qhov septostomy atrial, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom kev coj tus kav raj hla ib qho ntawm koj nruab nrab los mus rau sab saud sab xis ntawm koj lub plawv. Hauv chav sab saud septum (lub pluaj ntawm daim ntaub hauv nruab nrab ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub siab), mus los ntawm sab xis mus rau sab sauv sab saud, lawv yuav tsim kev qhib. Tom ntej no, lawv yuav tshuab ib lub pob zais me me rau ntawm lub raj yas kom da dej qhib thiab ua rau kom cov ntshav tuaj yeem nyob nruab nrab ntawm chav sab saud ntawm koj lub siab, txo lub siab rau sab xis ntawm koj lub siab.
Yog tias koj muaj ib rooj plaub loj ntawm PAH uas cuam tshuam txog kab mob ntsws mob heev, tej zaum yuav pom zoo rau lub ntsws. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav tshem tawm ib lossis ob lub ntsws ntawm koj lub ntsws thiab hloov lawv lub ntsws los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrog cev.
Yog tias koj tseem muaj kab mob hauv lub plawv lossis lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia kom hloov lub plawv ntxiv rau lub ntsws hloov mus rau lwm qhov.
Txoj kev ua neej hloov
Kev pauv hloov hauv lub neej hloov kho koj li kev noj haus, kev tawm dag zog, lossis lwm yam kev coj ua txhua hnub tuaj yeem pab txo koj cov teeb meem PAH. Cov no suav nrog:
- noj zaub mov zoo
- qoj ib ce tsis tu ncua
- poob phaus los sis tswj lub cev yuag
- txiav kev haus luam yeeb
Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo txoj kev npaj kho mob tuaj yeem pab txo koj cov tsos mob, txo koj cov teeb meem txaus ntshai, thiab ua rau koj lub neej muaj sia ntev dua. Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kev xaiv khomob PAH.
Lub neej cia siab nrog mob ntsws ntsig
PAH yog ib qho muaj mob zuj zus, uas txhais tau tias nws ua tsis tau zoo raws li sijhawm. Qee tus neeg yuav pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim sai dua li lwm tus.
Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav xyoo 2015 luam tawm hauv kev soj ntsuam tsib lub xyoo kom muaj sia nyob zoo rau cov neeg uas muaj ntau theem ntawm PAH thiab pom tias raws li cov xwm txheej hloov zuj zus mus, tsib xyoos kev muaj sia nyob tsawg dua.
Ntawm no yog tsib xyoo kev tshawb fawb muaj sia nyob cov qib tshawb pom rau txhua qib.
- Hoob 1: 72 txog 88 feem pua
- Hoob 2: 72 txog 76 feem pua
- Hoob 3: 57 txog 60 feem pua
- Hoob 4: 27 txog 44 feem pua
Thaum tsis tau muaj txoj kev kho kom zoo, kev nce qib ua nyuam qhuav dhau los hauv kev kho tau pab txhim kho qhov pom kev rau cov neeg muaj PAH. Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog feem pua muaj sia nyob rau cov neeg uas muaj PAH.
Cov theem ntawm pulmonary arterial tawg
PAH tau faib ua plaub theem raws li qhov mob hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob.
Raws li kev tsim los ntawm World Health Organization (WHO), PAH tau muab faib ua plaub ntu haujlwm:
- Chav Kawm 1. Qhov xwm txheej tsis txwv koj txoj kev tawm dag zog. Koj tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua si lossis so so.
- Chav Kawm 2. Tus mob me ntsis txwv koj lub cev kev ua si. Koj pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua si cev, tab sis tsis nyob rau lub sijhawm so.
- Chav Kawm 3. Tus mob tseem ceeb heev txwv koj lub cev kev ua si. Koj pom cov tsos mob lub sij hawm me ntsis kev tawm dag zog thiab kev siv lub cev, tab sis tsis yog nyob rau lub sijhawm so.
- Chav Kawm 4. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua txhua yam kev tawm dag zog yam tsis muaj tsos mob. Koj pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim, txawm tias lub sijhawm so. Cov tsos mob ntawm txoj cai lub plawv nres feem ntau tshwm sim hauv qib no.
Yog tias koj muaj PAH, theem ntawm koj tus mob yuav cuam tshuam rau koj tus kws kho mob txoj kev kho kom zoo. Tau txais cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau kom nkag siab txog qhov mob no mob li cas.
Lwm hom kev mob ntsws ntsig
PAH yog ib ntawm tsib yam mob ntsws plawv (PH). Nws tseem muaj npe hu ua Pawg 1 PAH.
Lwm hom PH muaj xws li:
- Pab Pawg 2 PH, uas txuas nrog rau qee yam mob uas muaj feem cuam nyob rau sab laug ntawm koj lub plawv
- Pawg 3 PH, uas cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov kev ua pa ntawm lub ntsws
- Pawg 4 PH, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov ntshav txhaws hauv cov hlab ntsha mus rau koj lub ntsws
- Pab pawg 5 PH, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam ntawm lwm yam mob
Qee hom PH yog qhov kho tau zoo tshaj dua li lwm tus. Siv sijhawm me ntsis kom paub ntau ntxiv txog ntau hom PH.
Kev ntsuas rau ntshav tawm ntawm txoj hlab ntshav txhaws
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov kev xaiv kho tau zoo dua rau cov neeg muaj PAH. Tab sis tseem muaj txoj hauv kev tseem tsis tau kho tus mob.
Kev paub kuaj ntxov thiab kho tuaj yeem pab ua kom koj tus mob zoo ntxiv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim, thiab ua rau koj lub neej nyob nrog PAH ntev. Nyeem ntxiv txog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas kho tuaj yeem muaj rau koj qhov kev xam pom nrog tus kab mob no.
Mob ntsws hauv cov menyuam mos cov menyuam mos
Muaj qee zaus, PAH cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam mos liab. Qhov no paub tau li mob ntshav siab los tu cov ntshav yug menyuam tshiab (PPHN). Nws tshwm sim thaum cov hlab ntsha mus rau tus menyuam lub ntsws tsis so sai tom qab yug.
Kev pheej hmoo rau PPHN suav nrog:
- me nyuam hauv plab
- kev kub ntxhov hnyav thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom
- teeb meem ntsws, xws li mob ntsws tsis txaus los yog mob ntsws ua pa nyuaj
Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug kuaj mob PPHN, lawv tus kws kho mob yuav sim ua kom cov hlab ntshav hauv lawv lub ntsws muaj cov pa oxygen ntxiv. Tus kws kho mob tej zaum yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab cua los pab txhawb koj tus menyuam qhov ua pa.
Kev kho mob kom raug thiab sijhawm sijhawm tuaj yeem txo koj tus menyuam txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis taus, pab txhim kho txoj hauv kev muaj sia.
Cov lus qhia rau mob ntsws ntsig txog txoj hlab ntshav siab
Xyoo 2014, Asmeskas Cov Kws Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab tau tso tawm rau kev kho mob ntawm PAH. Ntxiv rau lwm cov lus pom zoo, cov lus qhia no tau qhia tias:
- Cov neeg uas muaj pheej hmoo yuav tsim PAH thiab cov uas Phaj 1 PAH yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev txhim kho cov tsos mob uas yuav xav tau kev kho mob.
- Thaum tsim nyog, cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum raug ntsuas nyob hauv tsev kho mob uas muaj kev txawj ntse hauv kev kuaj mob PAH, zoo tshaj ua ntej pib kev kho mob.
- Cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum raug kho rau ib qho kev mob twg uas tuaj yeem pab txhawb tus mob tau.
- Cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob khaub thuas thiab mob ntsws muaj dej.
- Cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj menyuam. Yog tias lawv cev xeeb tub, lawv yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm pab pawg neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntau ntxiv uas suav nrog cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev paub zoo txog kev mob ntshav siab.
- Cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum zam kev phais mob uas tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias lawv yuav tsum tau mus phais, lawv yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm pab pawg neeg paub ntau yam kev noj qab haus huv uas suav nrog cov kws paub tshwj xeeb hauv kev mob ntsws ntsws.
- Cov neeg uas muaj PAH yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob raug qhov chaw siab, suav nrog kev mus ncig ua si hauv huab cua. Yog tias lawv yuav tsum tau nphav raug qhov siab, lawv yuav tsum siv cov pa ntxiv raws li xav tau.
Cov txheej txheem no muab cov kev qhia dav dav rau kev saib xyuas cov neeg nrog PAH. Koj li kev noj qab haus huv yuav nyob ntawm koj li keeb kwm kev kho mob thiab cov tsos mob uas koj tab tom muaj.
Q:
Puas muaj cov kauj ruam twg uas ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv kev txhim kho PAH?
A:
Mob ntsws pulmonary arterial tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txhua lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem ua rau PAH tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis tswj kom txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim PAH. Cov mob no suav nrog kev muaj mob rau cov hlab ntsha, mob ntshav siab, mob siab daim siab (feem ntau feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev rog rog, haus cawv, thiab kab mob siab), HIV, thiab mob ntsws ntev, tshwj xeeb yog hais txog kev haus luam yeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Graham Rogers, MDAnswers sawv cev rau kev xav ntawm peb cov kws paub kho mob. Txhua cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntaub ntawv nruj me ntsis thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab cov lus ntuas kho mob.