Mob caj dab (Colon) Cancer

Zoo Siab

• Kab mob hnyuv plab yog dab tsi?
• Tus mob kheesxaws mob hnyuv tawm tsam zoo li cas?
• Theem 3 lossis 4 tsos mob (cov tsos mob nyob ntev)
• Puas muaj ntau yam mob khees xaws plab hnyuv?
• Dab tsi ua rau mob caj dab?
• Leej twg muaj feem yuav muaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?
• Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo
• Hloov tau cov kev pheej hmoo yam
• Yuav kuaj li cas thiaj paub tias muaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav hnyuv?
• Kev ntsuas tsawg
• Guaiac-based fecal occult test kuaj ntshav (gFOBT)
• Ntsuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg (FIT)
• Kev kuaj tom tsev
• Cov khoom yuav sim
• Kuaj ntshav
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Kev kuaj mob hnyuv
• Kev xoo hluav taws xob
• Iav scan
• Cov kev kho tus mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev yog dab tsi?
• Kev phais mob
• Kws khomob
• Kev tawg
• Lwm yam tshuaj noj
• Feem pua ​​muaj sia nyob rau cov neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav cancer?
• Puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv mob qog mob cancer mis?
• Qhov tshwm sim mus sij hawm ntev yog dab tsi?

Peb suav nrog cov khoom uas peb xav tias tseem ceeb rau peb cov nyeem. Yog tias koj yuav los ntawm cov txuas hauv nplooj ntawv no, peb yuav khwv tau nyiaj me me. Ntawm no yog peb cov txheej txheem.

Kab mob hnyuv plab yog dab tsi?

Mob hnyuv loj (cancer) yog mob qog ua rau pib mob hnyuv loj (txoj hnyuv loj) lossis lub qhov quav. Ob qho tag nrho cov plab hnyuv siab raum no yog nyob rau hauv qis ntawm koj lub plab zom mov. Qhov quav nyob tom kawg ntawm txoj hnyuv.

American Cancer Society (ACS) kwv yees hais tias kwv yees li 1 ntawm 23 tus txiv neej thiab 1 nyob rau 25 tus poj niam yuav mob caj pas hlav thaum lawv lub neej.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav siv cov txheej txheem los taw qhia kom paub deb npaum li cas raws mob cancer. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj tus kws kho mob kom paub txog theem mob cancer yog li lawv tuaj yeem tsim kho txoj kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj thiab muab kev kwv yees rau koj lub hom phiaj ntev mus ntev.

Theem 0 colorectal mob cancer yog thawj theem, thiab theem 4 yog theem siab tshaj plaws:

• Theem 0. Kuj tseem paub tias yog carcinoma hauv situ, nyob rau theem no ua haujlwm txawv txav ntawm lub hlwb tsuas yog sab hauv lub plab hnyuv loj lossis qhov quav.
• Theem 1. Tus kabmob tau nkag mus rau hauv ob sab phlu, lossis hnoos qeev, ntawm txoj hnyuv lossis qhov quav thiab tej zaum yuav loj tuaj mus rau cov leeg txheej. Nws tsis kis mus rau tej qog ntshav lossis lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
• Theem 2. Tus kabmob tau kis mus rau sab hauv txoj hnyuv lossis qhov quav lossis hla ntawm phab ntsa mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg tab sis tsis muaj cuam tshuam rau cov qog ntshav.
• Theem 3. Cov kabmob tau txav mus rau cov qog ntshav tab sis tsis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.
• Theem 4. Tus kabmob tau kis mus rau lwm qhov chaw nyob deb, xws li lub siab lossis lub ntsws.

Tus mob kheesxaws mob hnyuv tawm tsam zoo li cas?

Khees xawj (Colorectal cancer) tej zaum yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb yog theem pib. Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum ntxov, tej zaum yuav suav nrog:

• cem quav
• zawv plab
• hloov pauv hauv cov quav xim
• hloov cov quav ua haujlwm, xws li cov quav nqaim
• ntshav hauv cov quav
• los ntshav los ntawm qhov quav
• cov roj ntau dhau
• mob plab
• mob plab

Yog tias koj pom muaj cov tsos mob no, teem sijhawm nrog koj tus kws kho mob los tham txog kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Theem 3 lossis 4 tsos mob (cov tsos mob nyob ntev)

Khees xawj mob hnyuv muaj tshwm sim thaum ntxov (theem 3 thiab 4). Ntxiv rau cov tsos mob saum toj no, koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem paub:

• qaug zog ntau dhau
• piav qhia tsis muaj zog
• tsis poob ceeb thawj phaus
• hloov koj cov quav uas kav ntev dua ib hlis
• zoo nkaus li tias koj qhov tso quav yuav tsis plam
• ntuav

Yog tias mob hnyuv laus kis rau lwm qhov hauv koj lub cev, tej zaum koj yuav muaj:

• daj daj ntseg, lossis qhov muag daj thiab tawv nqaij
• o rau ntawm txhais tes lossis taw
• ua pa nyuaj
• mob taub hau ntev zuj zus
• qhov muag plooj
• pob txha lov

Puas muaj ntau yam mob khees xaws plab hnyuv?

Thaum mob caj dab mob suab rau nws tus kheej piav qhia, qhov tseeb muaj ntau dua ib hom. Qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov hom hlwb uas ua rau mob qoj ib ce nrog rau qhov chaw lawv nyob.

Feem ntau hom mob khees-xaws mob hnyuv pib ntawm adenocarcinomas. Raws li ACS, adenocarcinomas yog feem ntau ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav. Tshwj tsis yog koj tus kws kho mob tau hais meej txog lwm yam, koj txoj kev mob caj dab txoj hnyuv feem ntau yuav yog hom no.

Adenocarcinomas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ua cov hnoos qeev hauv plab hnyuv lossis qhov quav.

Tsawg tsawg dua, mob khees xaws plab yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm hom qog, xws li:

• cov lymphomas, uas tuaj yeem ua nyob rau hauv lub qog ntshav lossis hauv hnyuv tws ua ntej
• Cov carcinoids, uas pib ntawm kev ua cov keeb tsim nyob rau hauv koj txoj hnyuv
• sarcomas, uas ua rau hauv cov nqaij mos xws li cov leeg hauv plab hnyuv tws
• lub plab zom cov qog ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem pib ua rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab tom qab ntawd ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav (Lawv feem ntau ua rau hauv txoj hnyuv, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv.)

Dab tsi ua rau mob caj dab?

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom kawm txog qhov ua rau muaj mob khees xaws.

Kab mob khees xaws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm noob caj noob ces, los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv los yog nrhiav. Cov kev hloov pauv no tsis tuaj yeem lav tias koj yuav ua mob qog nqaij hlav, tab sis yuav ua rau koj muaj feem ntau dua.

Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau lub hlwb txawv txav mus rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, ua rau polyps. Cov no yog cov me, loj hlob benign.

Tshem cov kev loj hlob no los ntawm kev phais mob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau. Kev kho mob polyps tsis tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog.

Leej twg muaj feem yuav muaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?

Muaj cov npe kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv uas ua ib leeg lossis ua ke los ua kom tus neeg muaj feem mob qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Cov teeb meem pheej hmoo

Qee yam uas ua rau koj muaj feem yuav mob kheesxaws loj dua yog tsis zam thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau. Lub hnub nyoog yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Koj txoj kev muaj feem ntawm kev mob kheesxaws no nce ntxiv tom qab koj muaj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo.

Qee lwm yam teeb meem pheej hmoo yog:

• keeb kwm ua ntej ntawm nyuv polyps
• keeb kwm ua ntej ntawm txoj hnyuv
• tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm mob khees xaws
• muaj qee cov teeb meem tshuaj ntsuam genetic syndromes, xws li cov adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• ua ntawm Eastern European Jewish lossis African qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob

Hloov tau cov kev pheej hmoo yam

Lwm yam kev pheej hmoo yuav zam tau. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem hloov lawv kom txo qhov koj muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav cancer. Cov kev zam uas yuav zam tau suav nrog:

• rog dhau lossis muaj rog
• yog ib tug haus luam yeeb
• ua ib tug neeg haus cawv hnyav
• muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2
• muaj kev ua neej nyob sedentary
• noj cov khoom noj kom ntau hauv cov nqaij ua tiav

Yuav kuaj li cas thiaj paub tias muaj kab mob qog nqaij hlav hnyuv?

Kev kuaj mob ntxov ntxov ntawm txoj hnyuv mob ua rau koj muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws.

Asmeskas Cov Kws Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kawm Qib Siab (ACP) pom zoo rau kev kuaj mob rau cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 50 txog 75 xyoo, qhov pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob no, thiab muaj lub neej cia tsawg kawg 10 xyoo.

Cov kev pom zoo pom zoo rau kev soj ntsuam rau cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog 50- txog 79 xyoo thiab nws qhov kev pheej hmoo 15 xyoo los ntawm tus mob no yuav muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 feem pua.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pib los ntawm kev tau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj li kev kho mob thiab tsev neeg keeb kwm. Lawv tseem yuav kuaj ib ce thiab. Tej zaum lawv yuav nias rau ntawm koj lub plab lossis kuaj ib qho ntawm lub qhov ncauj los txiav txim seb puas muaj qog lossis polyps tuaj.

Kev ntsuas tsawg

Koj yuav tau kuaj quav nyob rau txhua txhua 1 txog 2 xyoos. Kev ntsuam xyuas quav yog siv los kuaj pom cov ntshav zais hauv koj cov quav. Muaj ob hom loj, cov guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) thiab fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

Guaiac-based fecal occult test kuaj ntshav (gFOBT)

Guaiac yog cov khoom siv cog qoob loo uas tau siv los ua tsho daim npav nrog koj cov quav. Yog tias muaj ntshav hauv koj cov quav, daim npav yuav hloov xim.

Koj yuav tsum tau zam qee yam zaub mov thiab tshuaj noj, xws li cov nqaij liab thiab cov tshuaj tsis ntxim noj (NSAIDs), ua ntej qhov kev ntsuas no. Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog koj cov ntawv xeem.

Ntsuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg (FIT)

Lub FIT kuaj hemoglobin, uas muaj protein nyob hauv ntshav. Nws tau pom meej dua li kev ntsuas guaiac.

Qhov ntawd yog vim tias FIT tsis zoo li nrhiav tau los ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv sab hauv (ib qho kev los ntshav uas tsis tshua mob los ntawm qog nqaij hlav cancer). Ntxiv mus, qhov tshwm sim rau kev ntsuas no tsis cuam tshuam dab tsi los ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj noj.

Kev kuaj tom tsev

Vim tias yuav tsum tau muaj cov qauv coj mus kuaj ntau npaum li cas rau cov kev sim no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov khoom siv ntsuas rau koj los siv hauv tsev tsis thooj li kev coj koj mus kuaj hauv chaw ua haujlwm.

Ob qho kev sim no tseem tuaj yeem ua nrog cov khoom siv kuaj hauv tsev uas yuav hauv online los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li LetsGetChecked thiab Everlywell.

Ntau cov khoom siv yuav hauv online xav kom koj xa cov quav mus rau ib qhov chaw kuaj xyuas rau kev ntsuas. Koj cov ntawv xeem yuav tsum muaj nyob online hauv 5 hnub ua haujlwm. Tom qab ntawv, koj yuav muaj kev xaiv sab laj nrog pab neeg saib xyuas mob hais txog koj li kev kuaj mob.

Lub Cim Thib Ob FIT kuj tseem tuaj yeem yuav online, tab sis tus qauv quav tsis tas yuav raug xa mus rau chav kuaj. Kev kuaj pom muaj nyob hauv 5 feeb. Qhov kev kuaj no tau raug, FDA-tau pom zoo, thiab tuaj yeem tshawb pom ntxiv cov mob ntxiv xws li colitis. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib pab neeg tu mob mus cuag yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog koj cov txiaj ntsig.

Cov khoom yuav sim

Kev kuaj mob hauv tsev tuaj yeem siv los kuaj ntshav hauv cov quav, tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qog nqaij hlav cancer. Mus yuav lawv online:

• LetsGetChecked Kev kuaj mob hnyuv hlav
• Everlywell FIT Kev kuaj mob hnyuv hlav
• Lub Cim Thib Ob (Kev Ntsuas Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv)

Kuaj ntshav

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav khiav qee qhov kev kuaj ntshav kom paub lub tswv yim zoo uas ua rau koj cov tsos mob. Kev kuaj ntshav ua lub siab thiab ua tiav ntshav suav tuaj yeem txiav tawm lwm yam kab mob thiab kev cuam tshuam.

Sigmoidoscopy

Txo tsis tshua mob, sigmoidoscopy tso cai rau koj tus kws kho mob soj ntsuam ntu ntu kawg ntawm koj txoj hnyuv, uas paub tias yog sigmoid txoj hnyuv, rau qhov txawv txav. Cov txheej txheem, tseem hu ua sigmoidoscopy saj zawg zog, koom nrog txoj kev hloov pauv nrog lub teeb rau nws.

ACP pom zoo kom sigmoidoscopy txhua 10 xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm BMJ pom zoo ib zaug sigmoidoscopy.

Kev kuaj mob hnyuv

Kev kuaj txoj hnyuv muaj feem xyuam nrog kev siv lub raj ntev nrog lub koob yees duab me me txuas. Tus txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj tus kws kho mob pom sab hauv koj txoj hnyuv thiab lub qhov quav kom kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj dab tsi txawv. Feem ntau nws ua tom qab kuaj tsis tshua txheeb pom tias koj muaj mob kheesxaws txoj hnyuv.

Thaum kuaj txoj hnyuv, koj tus kws kho mob kuj tuaj yeem tshem cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm qhov chaw tsis zoo. Cov qauv ntaub so ntswg no tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj ntsuas.

Tawm ntawm cov kev kuaj mob uas twb muaj lawm, sigmoidoscopies thiab txoj hnyuv tsom kab mob tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb pom cov kev loj hlob benign uas tuaj yeem pib mob qog nqaij hlav cancer.

ACP pom zoo kom kuaj txoj hnyuv laus txhua 10 xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm BMJ pom zoo kuaj txoj hnyuv ob zaug.

Kev xoo hluav taws xob

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xoo hluav taws xob xoo hluav taws xob siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xoo hluav taws xob uas muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg barium.

Koj tus kws kho mob ntxig cov kua no rau hauv koj lub plab hnyuv los ntawm kev siv barium enema. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov kev daws teeb meem barium coats lub hauv ob sab phuv ntawm txoj hnyuv. Qhov no pab txhim kho cov duab xoo hluav taws xob zoo dua qub.

Iav scan

Cov xoo duab CT muab koj tus kws kho mob pom cov duab ntawm koj txoj hnyuv. Kev tso duab CT uas siv los kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab qee zaum hu ua kev kuaj mob hnyuv laus.

Cov kev kho tus mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev yog dab tsi?

Kev kho mob ntawm txoj hnyuv laus nyob ntawm ntau yam. Lub xeev ntawm koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab theem ntawm koj txoj hnyuv mob caj dab yuav pab koj tus kws kho mob tsim phiaj xwm kho.

Kev phais mob

Thaum nyuam qhuav pib mob qog nqaij hlav hauv txoj hnyuv, tej zaum yuav ua rau koj tus kws phais mob tshem cov mob qog nqaij hlav polyps los ntawm kev phais mob. Yog tias cov polyp tsis tau txuas rau ntawm cov phab ntsa, koj yuav muaj qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws.

Yog tias koj mob qog tawm rau hauv koj cov hnyuv phab ntsa, koj tus kws phais yuav tsum tau tshem ib feem ntawm qhov hnyuv lossis qhov quav nrog rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze. Yog tias ua tau, koj tus kws phais yuav rov kho cov feem ntawm txoj hnyuv rau qhov quav.

Yog tias qhov no ua tsis tau, lawv tuaj yeem ua colostomy. Qhov no koom nrog tsim ib qho qhib hauv phab ntsa plab rau kev tshem tawm cov khib nyiab. Lub colostomy tuaj yeem yog ib ntus lossis ruaj khov.

Kws khomob

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob koom nrog kev siv cov tshuaj los tua cov qog noj ntshav. Rau cov neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav cancer, kev siv tshuaj kho feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab kev phais mob, thaum nws siv los rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem tswj hwm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog.

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob siv los kho mob cancer xws li:

• Capecitabine (Xeloda)
• fluorouracil
• oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
• Lub tiaj tus (Camptosar)

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob feem ntau tuaj nrog cov kev mob tshwm sim uas yuav tsum tau tswj nrog kev noj tshuaj ntxiv.

Kev tawg

Kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob muaj zog ntawm lub zog, zoo ib yam li siv xoo hluav taws xob, txhawm rau tua thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer ua ntej thiab tom qab phais mob. Cov kev siv hluav taws xob feem ntau tshwm sim nrog txoj kev kho tshuaj.

Lwm yam tshuaj noj

Kuj yuav pom zoo cov kev kho mob thiab cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj uas tau pom zoo los ntawm Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) los kho tus mob cancer tsam muaj:

• bevacizumab (Avastin)
• ramucirumab (Cyramza)
• ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap)
• cetuximab (Erbitux)
• panitumumab (Vectibix)
• regorafenib (Stivarga)
• pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
• nivolumab (Opdivo)
• ipilimumab (Yervoy)

Lawv tuaj yeem kho tus mob metastatic, lossis tom qab theem, mob caj dab mob uas tsis teb rau lwm txoj kev kho mob thiab tau kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Feem pua ​​muaj sia nyob rau cov neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav cancer?

Muaj kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab tuaj yeem yog qhov txaus ntshai, tab sis hom mob qog nqaij hlav no muaj peev xwm kho tau ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntes tau ntxov.

Tus nqi 5 xyoo kom muaj sia nyob rau txhua qib ntawm tus mob cancer nyuv kwv yees 63 feem pua ​​raws li cov ntaub ntawv txij xyoo 2009 txog rau 2015. Ntawm tus mob qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov ncauj, 5 xyoo muaj sia nyob muaj 67 feem pua

Tus nqi 5-xyoo nyob nrog pom muaj feem pua ​​ntawm cov neeg muaj sia nyob tsawg kawg 5 xyoo tom qab kev kuaj mob.

Cov kev kho mob tau tuaj ntev npaum li cas ntxiv rau cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav cancer ntau dua.

Raws li University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, hauv 2015, lub sijhawm nruab nrab muaj sia nyob rau theem 4 mob hnyuv laus yog li ntawm 30 lub hlis. Thaum xyoo 1990, qhov nruab nrab tau yog 6 txog 8 hlis.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws kho mob tam sim no pom mob qog mob nqaij hlav cancer rau cov neeg hluas. Qee qhov ntawm no tuaj yeem vim tsis xaiv qhov kev ua neej tsis zoo.

Raws li ACS tau hais, thaum lub sijhawm mob kas cees loj txoj kev tuag tsawg zuj zus nyob rau cov neeg laus, kev tuag rau cov neeg hnub nyoog qis dua 50 xyoo tau nce xyoo 2008 thiab 2017

Puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv mob qog mob cancer mis?

Qee yam kev pheej hmoo rau mob kheesxaws ncauj plab, xws li keeb kwm tsev neeg thiab hnub nyoog, tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua neej nyob yam uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob caj dab yog tiv thaiv tau, thiab tuaj yeem pab txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo tag nrho ntawm kev tsim tus kab mob no.

Koj tuaj yeem ua cov kauj ruam tam sim no los txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo los ntawm:

• txo cov nqaij liab koj noj
• tsis txhob noj nqaij, xws li nqaij dev thiab nqaij siav
• noj ntau cov khoom noj uas cog raws ntoo
• txo cov rog kev noj haus
• qoj ib ce txhua hnub
• poob phaus, yog tias koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo
• txiav kev haus luam yeeb
• txo cov kev haus cawv kom tsawg
• txo qis kev ntxhov siab
• tswj preexisting mob ntshav qab zib

Lwm txoj kev tiv thaiv tshiab yog ua kom koj tau kuaj txoj hnyuv lossis lwm txoj kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav tom qab koj hnub nyoog 50 xyoo.

Qhov tshwm sim mus sij hawm ntev yog dab tsi?

Thaum nws kuaj tau ntxov, mob cancer mis yog yam mob tau.

Nrog rau kev paub ntxov, feem ntau cov neeg nyob yam tsawg kawg yog dua 5 xyoos tom qab kev kuaj mob. Yog tias tus kabmob tsis rov qab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yuav tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv, tshwj xeeb yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob ntxov.