Cov Tshuaj Antifungal Yog Dab Tsi?

Zoo Siab

• Lawv ua haujlwm li cas
• Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob nkeeg
• Azoles
• Polyenes
• Allylamines
• Echinocandins
• Lwm Yam
• Kab mob pwm
• Cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev fungal
• Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntau dua ua mob fungal
• Thaum mus ntsib kws kho mob
• Hauv qab kab

Fungi tuaj yeem pom thoob plaws ntiaj teb nyob hauv txhua hom chaw ib puag ncig. Cov kab mob fungi feem ntau tsis ua rau mob rau tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qee hom kab mob tuaj yeem kis rau tib neeg thiab ua rau muaj mob.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov tshuaj uas siv los kho tua kab mob fungal. Txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob fungal cuam tshuam rau thaj chaw xws li tawv nqaij thiab rau tes, qee tus tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj thiab muaj feem yuav ua rau muaj mob muaj sia xws li mob rau daim phiaj lossis mob ntsws.

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tua kabmob muaj los tawm tsam kev tua mob.

Lawv ua haujlwm li cas

Feem ntau hais lus, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm ob txoj kev: los ntawm kev tua cov kab mob fungal hlwb ncaj qha lossis los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov qe ntshav tsis tuaj yeem loj tuaj thiab loj tuaj. Tab sis yuav ua li cas lawv ua li no?

Antifungal tshuaj tsom lub hom phiaj lossis kev ua haujlwm uas tsim nyog hauv cov kab mob fungal tab sis tsis muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub hlwb, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob fungal yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau koj lub cev.

Ob txoj kev tsim qauv uas feem ntau tau tsom xam yog lub fungal cell membrane thiab fungal cell phab ntsa. Ob qho ntawm cov qauv ncig thiab tiv thaiv fungal cell. Thaum ib qho twg ua rau cov nyom, cov xovtooj ntawm fungal tuaj yeem tawg qhib thiab tuag.

Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob nkeeg

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob los muaj ntau haiv neeg. Lawv tuaj yeem raug noj ntawm ncauj, ua ib qho kev kho mob ib yam, lossis dhau ntawm IV. Yuav siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam li cas los ntawm qee yam xws li cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, hom kev sib kis koj muaj, thiab qhov mob hnyav ntawm koj tus mob.

Antifungal tshuaj yog cais raws lawv cov qauv hauv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lawv ua haujlwm li cas. Hauv qab no, peb yuav los tham txog ntau yam kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab muab qee yam ua piv txwv ntawm cov hom mob uas lawv kho tau.

Azoles

Azoles yog qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj plaws. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog ib qho enzyme uas tseem ceeb rau kev tsim lub fungal cell membrane. Vim tias qhov no, lub cell membrane ua tsis khov thiab tuaj yeem xau, thaum kawg ua rau kev tuag ntawm tes.

Muaj ob pawg ntawm azole antifungals: imidazoles thiab triazoles.

Piv txwv ntawm imidazole antifungals thiab cov mob uas lawv kho yog:

• Ketoconazole: kis mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau, Candida kev kis mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qog ua kua, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
• Clotrimazole: tawv nqaij thiab mob ntsws
• Miconazole: tawv nqaij thiab mob ntsws

Qee cov piv txwv ntawm triazoles thiab qhov mob uas lawv kho yog:

• Fluconazole:Candida kis kab mob, suav nrog mucosal, kab ke, thiab kis rau; cryptococcosis
• Itraconazole: aspergillosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, mucosal Candida mob voos, coccidioidomycosis (daim ntawv lo), thiab onychomycosis
• Posaconazole: aspergillosis (daim ntawv lo rau kho mob), mucosal thiab ntxeem tau Candida kis tau tus mob
• Voriconazole: aspergillosis, mucosal lossis tus mob tsis zoo Candida kis tau tus mob, kis mob nrog Chaw Txom Nyem hom
• Isavuconazole: aspergillosis thiab mob ntsws

Polyenes

Polyenes tua cov kab mob fungal los ntawm kev ua lub fungal cell phab ntsa ntau ntxeem tau, uas ua rau cov cell fungal nquag tawg.

Qee cov qauv ntawm polyene antifungals yog:

• Amphotericin B: ntau cov qauv tsim muaj los kho cov mob aspergillosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis (tsis muaj daim ntawv lo), mucosal lossis tus mob tsis zoo Candida muaj kab mob, thiab coccidioidomycosis
• Nystatin:Candida kis ntawm daim tawv thiab qhov ncauj

Allylamines

Ib yam li azole antifungals, allylamines cuam tshuam nrog ib qho enzyme uas tau koom nrog tsim cov fungal cell membrane. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm allylamine yog terbinafine, uas feem ntau siv los kho kab mob fungal ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Echinocandins

Echinocandins yog ib yam tshuaj tshiab tshaj uas tiv thaiv cov tshuaj. Lawv txwv cov enzyme uas koom rau hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov fungal cell phab ntsa.

Qee cov piv txwv ntawm echinocandins yog:

• Anidulafungin: mucosal thiab ntxiag Candida kis tau tus mob
• Caspofungin: mucosal thiab ntxiag Candida kis kab mob, aspergillosis
• Micafungin: mucosal thiab ntxiag Candida kis tau tus mob

Lwm Yam

Kuj tseem muaj lwm yam tshuaj ua kom tua tus mob thiab. Cov no muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov hom peb tau tham txog saum toj no.

Flucytosine yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas txwv tsis pub lub cell fungal los ua cov nucleic acids thiab proteins. Vim tias qhov no, lub cell tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab muaj zog. Flucytosine tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob sib kis nrog Candida lossis Cryptococcus hom.

Griseofulvin ua haujlwm los tiv thaiv cov fungal cell los ntawm kev faib kom tsim ntau cov hlwb. Nws tuaj yeem siv los kho cov kab mob ntawm tawv nqaij, plaub hau, thiab rau tes.

Kab mob pwm

Muaj ntau hom fungal kis. Koj tuaj yeem kis tus mob fungal los ntawm kev chwv nrog lub pwm lossis fungal spores uas nyob ib puag ncig.

Qee yam ntawm cov neeg mob fungal feem ntau yog cov ntawm daim tawv nqaij, rau tes, thiab cov nqaij mos. Piv txwv li:

• 

  Cov tsos mob ntawm lub cev fungal

  Cov tsos mob ntawm qee hom tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj fungal tuaj yeem suav nrog:

  • Cov txhab txiag ntawm lub cev: lub kiav txhab, cov pob khaus khaus uas zoo li khaus ntawm koj lub npog tas ib ce, caj npab, lossis ceg
  • Cov txhab txiag rau saum tawv taub hau: thaj ua thaj ua rau thaj, thaj pustules, lossis plaques rau saum tawv taub hau uas khaus thiab yuav mos thiab ua rau plaub hau hle.
  • Ncaws pob kis taw: daim tawv nqaij tuab nyob hauv qab ntawm koj txhais taw
  • Qog Paus: khaus thiab tawm pob liab liab uas tshwm ntawm koj thaj chaw thiab hauv koj cov ncej puab sab hauv
  • Ntsia cov pwm: rau tes uas ua rau muaj xim, tsis pom zoo, thiab deformed
  • Paum poov xab kis mob: khaus, liab thiab o nyob rau thaj chaw paum - qhov chaw mos dawb paug thiab paug tawm thaum tso zis kuj yuav ua
  • Qhov ncauj tawm: kev loj hlob ntawm qhov txhab dawb hauv koj lub qhov ncauj uas tej zaum kuj yuav liab thiab mob

  Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntau dua ua mob fungal

  Cov tsos mob ntawm qee cov kab mob fungal hnyav tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li hom kab mob fungi twg ua rau kis kab mob thiab thaj chaw ntawm koj lub cev cuam tshuam.

  Lawv tuaj yeem suav cov khoom xws li:

  • ua npaws
  • tsaus ntuj tawm hws
  • Cov tsos mob khaub thuas xws li mob taub hau, qaug zog, thiab mob ib ce thiab mob ib ce
  • cov tsos mob ua pa zoo li hnoos thiab ua pa siav
  • cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob caj dab, xws li mob taub hau heev, txhav txhav, thiab lub teeb rhiab

  Thaum mus ntsib kws kho mob

  Teem sijhawm nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog tias:

  • Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj dhau (OTC) cov tshuaj tua kab mob tsis tau ua haujlwm kom txo cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob xws li mob txhab txiag, ntsia thawv pwm, lossis mob poov xab rau poov xab.
  • qhov txhab dawb uas tsis pom tshwm sim hauv koj lub qhov ncauj
  • koj muaj ua npaws, cov tsos mob zoo li ua npaws, lossis ua pob liab vog thiab / lossis koj xav hais tias yog mob voos

  Muaj qee tus tsos mob uas koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob sai sai

  Cov no suav nrog:

  • mob hauv siab
  • ua pa nyuaj
  • hnoos tau ntshav
  • Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob caj dab, xws li mob taub hau heev, txhav txhav, thiab lub teeb rhiab
  • piav qhia poob phaus, ua npaws, lossis ua daus no

  Hauv qab kab

  Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los kho cov mob fungal. Lawv tso cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau cov fungi thiaj li tua cov kab mob fungal lossis tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev loj hlob.

  Muaj ntau hom tshuaj tua kab mob thiab, tuaj yeem muab ntau yam sib txawv. Hom tshuaj uas siv thiab txoj kev muab tshuaj yog nyob ntawm cov tshuaj thiab hom thiab qhov kis ntawm tus kab mob.

  Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom mob fungal kho tau yooj yim kho, qee qhov tuaj yeem ua mob hnyav tau. Ntsib koj tus kws kho mob yog hais tias kev kis mob fungal tsis ploj nrog kev kho mob OTC lossis yog koj xav tias koj muaj mob hnyav dua.