Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV: yog dab tsi rau, leej twg tuaj yeem siv tshuaj thiab lwm yam lus nug

Zoo Siab

• Leej twg yuav tsum coj
• 1. Los ntawm SUS
• 2. Qhov tshwj xeeb
• Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab koob tshuaj
• Leej twg nqa tsis tau
• Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv phiaj xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv
• Kev phiv tshuaj tiv thaiv
• Vim li cas thiaj li yooj yim rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog txog 15 xyoos?
• Puas yog nws yuav tsum muaj kev sim ua ntej txhaj tshuaj?
• Leej twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav siv hnab looj?
• Puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv HPV, lossis tus kabmob papilloma rau tib neeg, raug muab los txhaj tshuaj thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kabmob ua rau tus kabmob no, xws li cov kabmob tawv nqaij ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav, mob qog nqaij hlav rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam, ntawm qhov chaw mos thiab lub paum, lub qhov quav thiab cov pob ntawm chaw mos. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tuaj yeem coj nyob tom tsev kho mob thiab cov chaw kho mob, tab sis nws kuj tseem muaj los ntawm SUS ntawm kab mob kev noj qab haus huv thiab hauv tsev kawm ntawv kev tshaj tawm txhaj tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm SUS yog plaub npaug, uas tiv thaiv 4 hom mob HPV tshaj ntawm Brazil. Tom qab siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog los tua tus kab mob thiab yog li, yog tias tus neeg kis tus kab mob, nws tsis muaj tus kab mob, tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Txawm hais tias tseem tshuav tsis tau siv, Anvisa tau pom zoo txais tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab rau HPV, uas tiv thaiv 9 hom kab mob.

Leej twg yuav tsum coj

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV tuaj yeem siv raws li cov hauv qab no:

1. Los ntawm SUS

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj pub dawb rau hauv cov tsev kho mob, hauv 2 rau 3 koob tshuaj, rau:

• Tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog 9 txog 14 xyoos;
• Tus txiv neej thiab poj niam txij hnub nyoog 9 txog 26 xyoo nyob nrog HIV lossis AIDS, cov neeg mob uas muaj mob hauv nruab nrog cev, hloov hlwb pob txha thiab cov neeg tau txais kev kho mob cancer.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov tub thiab ntxhais uas tsis yog nkauj xwb, tab sis nws cov hauj lwm zoo yuav raug txo kom tsawg, vim tias lawv twb tau chwv tus kab mob no lawm.

2. Qhov tshwj xeeb

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tuaj yeem coj los ntawm cov neeg laus, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv cov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntiag tug. Nws yog qhia rau:

• Cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam muaj hnub nyoog 9 rau 45 xyoo, yog tias nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv quadrivalent, lossis ib hnub nyoog dhau 9 xyoo, yog tias nws yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv bivalent (Cervarix);
• Cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog 9 thiab 26 xyoo, nrog lub koob tshuaj thib plaub (Gardasil);
• Cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog 9 mus txog 26 xyoos, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj qhov tsis raug cai (Gardasil 9).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv tau txawm tias cov neeg tau txais kev kho mob lossis tau muaj tus mob HPV, vim nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lwm hom kab mob HPV, thiab tiv thaiv kev tsim cov qe pob tshiab thiab ua rau muaj mob qog nqaij hlav.

Hom tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab koob tshuaj

Muaj 2 tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv tiv thaiv HPV: koob tshuaj plaub fab sib luag thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Quadrivalent

• Haum rau cov poj niam ntawm 9 txog 45 xyoo, thiab cov txiv neej ntawm 9 thiab 26 xyoo;
• Tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob 6, 11, 16 thiab 18;
• Nws tiv thaiv cov pob ntawm qhov chaw mos, mob qog ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam hauv poj niam thiab mob qog nqaij hlav lossis qhov quav uas tus txiv neej ua;
• Raug tsim los ntawm Merck Sharp & Dhome laboratory, ua lag luam hu ua Gardasil;
• Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm SUS rau cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog 9 txog 14 xyoo.
• Koob tshuaj: Muaj 3 koob tshuaj, hauv 0-2-6 lub sijhawm teem sijhawm, nrog lub koob thib ob tom qab 2 hlis thiab koob thib peb tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm thawj koob. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, cov txiaj ntsig kev tiv thaiv tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog tsuas yog 2 koob tshuaj, yog li qee qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab tau tsuas yog 2 koob tshuaj.

Saib cov lus qhia rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no los ntawm txhaj: Gardasil

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo

• Qhia los ntawm 9 xyoo thiab tsis muaj hnub nyoog txwv;
• Nws tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov kab mob 16 thiab 18, uas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ua rau mob ncauj tsev menyuam;
• Tiv thaiv tus kab mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam, tab sis tsis tiv thaiv tus mob pob rau chaw mos;
• Raug tsim los ntawm GSK chav kuaj, tau muag muag zoo li Cervarix;
• Koob tshuaj: Thaum coj mus txog 14 xyoos, txhaj 2 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau tsim, nrog ib lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm 6 lub hlis ntawm lawv. Rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, tshaj tawm 3 koob tshuaj, hauv lub sijhawm 0-1-6 lub hlis.

Txheeb xyuas ntau ntxiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no hauv pob ntawv xa ntawv: Cervarix.

Tsis siv tshuaj tiv thaiv

• Nws tuaj yeem muab rau cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog 9 txog 26;
• Tiv thaiv tawm tsam 9 tus kabmob HPV subtypes: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 thiab 58;
• Tiv thaiv tus kab mob kheesxaws ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam, lub paum, qhov chaw mos thiab qhov quav, nrog rau tawm tsam mob pob los ntawm HPV;
• Nws yog tsim los ntawm Merck Sharp & Dhome lub chaw soj nstuam, nyob hauv kev lag luam npe Gardasil 9;
• Koob tshuaj: yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug tau txog hnub nyoog 14, 2 koob yuav tsum tau muab, qhov thib ob tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5 txog 13 hlis tom qab thawj zaug. Yog tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tom qab hnub nyoog 15, koj yuav tsum ua raws lub sijhawm 3-teev (0-2-6 lub hlis), qhov twg txhaj koob thib ob tom qab 2 hlis thiab koob thib 3 ua 6 lub hlis tom qab thawj zaug.

Leej twg nqa tsis tau

Tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV yuav tsum tsis txhob muab yog tias:

• Cev xeeb tub, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem siv tau sai sai tom qab yug tus menyuam, nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawm kws saib xyuas menyuam mob;
• Thaum koj muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj dab tsi rau cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv;
• Yog tias kub taub hau lossis mob hnyav;
• Yog tias muaj txo qes ntshav thiab ntshav muaj teeb meem txhaws.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev mob HPV thiab mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam, tab sis nws tsis yog qhia kho tus mob. Yog li, nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav siv hnab looj txhawm rau txhua tus neeg nyob ze thiab, ntxiv rau, tus pojniam yuav tsum sab laj txog tus kws kho mob poj niam tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug thiab kuaj cov kab mob gynecological xws li Pap smears.

Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv phiaj xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV yog ib feem ntawm cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, ua pub dawb hauv SUS rau cov menyuam ntxhais thiab cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 9 thiab 14 xyoo. Hauv xyoo 2016, SUS tau pib txhaj tshuaj rau cov tub hluas hnub nyoog 9 txog 14 xyoos, vim tias thaum xub thawj nws tsuas muaj rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 12 txog 13 xyoos.

Cov tub thiab ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv pawg hnub nyoog no yuav tsum tau txhaj 2 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv, thawj koob tshuaj tau muaj nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv pej xeem thiab ntiav lossis hauv tsev kho mob. Koob tshuaj thib 2 yuav tsum nyob rau hauv chav saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv 6 lub hlis tom qab thawj xyoo lossis zaum thib koob tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv los ntawm SUS.

Kev phiv tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim, liab lossis o ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tom, uas tuaj yeem txo nrog daim ntawv thov dej khov, tiv thaiv nrog daim ntaub, ntawm qhov chaw. Ntxiv rau, tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav thiab kub ib ce siab dua 38ºC, uas tuaj yeem tswj nrog cov antipyretic xws li Paracetamol, piv txwv. Yog tias tus neeg tsis txaus ntseeg tias nws ua npaws, nws yuav tsum hu kws kho mob.

Qee tus ntxhais qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov rhiab ntawm lawv cov ceg thiab taug kev nyuaj, txawm li cas los xij, kev tshawb fawb nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau lees tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tshwm sim los ntawm nws txoj kev tswj hwm, tau cuam tshuam ntau lwm yam xws li ntxhov siab lossis ntshai ntawm rab koob, rau Piv txwv. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntsig txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem tsis tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm kev tshawb fawb.

Saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no thiab nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj muaj rau kev noj qab haus huv:

Vim li cas thiaj li yooj yim rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tub thiab ntxhais hnub nyoog txog 15 xyoos?

Cov ntawv tshawb fawb qhia hais tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV zoo dua thaum siv rau cov neeg tseem tsis tau pib lub neej kev sib daj sib deev, thiab, yog li, SUS tsuas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau menyuam yaus thiab menyuam hluas hnub nyoog 9 txog 14 xyoo, txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus tuaj yeem siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov tsev kho mob ntiag tug.

Puas yog nws yuav tsum muaj kev sim ua ntej txhaj tshuaj?

Tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas dab tsi los kuaj pom tus mob HPV ua ntej siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis zoo rau cov neeg uas twb tau ntsib lawm.

Leej twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav siv hnab looj?

Txawm hais tias cov neeg uas tau txhaj ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum siv hnab looj txhua qhov sib deev vim tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis tiv thaiv lwm yam kabmob sib kis, xws li AIDS lossis mob syphilis, piv txwv.

Puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HPV?

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum mus sim tshuaj thiab ntxiv, ntxiv mus, tom qab muab tshuaj rau tib neeg hauv ntau lub tebchaws, nws tsis tau pom tias ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev ntsig txog nws qhov kev siv.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov neeg uas yuav muaj kev txhawj xeeb thiab ntxhov siab thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tuaj yeem ploj, tab sis qhov tseeb no tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tab sis rau tus neeg lub siab.