Txo koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav

Zoo Siab

• Ntsuam xyuas rau

Hauv lub xyoo dhau los, koj tau pom cov xov xwm - los ntawm "Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob Cancer Yav Tom Ntej?" rau "Yuav Ua Li Cas tua Tus Mob Cancer" - uas tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam. Tseeb tiag, tau muaj xov xwm zoo rau cov poj niam hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tshuaj no: Muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj xyuas tshiab, txhais tau tias cov kws kho mob tau kaw txoj hauv kev zoo dua los tswj hwm, kho thiab txawm tiv thaiv tus kab mob gynecologic no, uas ntaus 13,000. Cov poj niam Asmeskas thiab siv 4,100 lub neej txhua xyoo.

Ib qho kev nce qib tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau xyoo tas los no yog qhov kev tshawb pom tias 99.8 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav yog tshwm sim los ntawm qee hom kab mob sib kis ntawm kev sib deev (STI) hu ua human papillomavirus, lossis HPV. Tus kab mob no muaj ntau heev uas 75 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas kev sib deev tau txais nws nyob rau qee lub sijhawm hauv lawv lub neej thiab 5.5 lab tus neeg mob tshiab tshwm sim txhua xyoo. Raws li kev kis tus kab mob, kwv yees li 1 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tib neeg tsim cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw mos thiab 10 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov poj niam tsim cov kab mob txawv txav los yog ua ntej ntawm lawv lub tsev me nyuam, uas feem ntau pom los ntawm Pap test.

Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi los tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav? Nov yog qee cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas nquag nug txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam thiab tus kab mob HPV.

1. Thaum twg yuav muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav?

Hauv tsib txog 10 xyoo, hais cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov xwm zoo yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no tau luam tawm hauv New England Journal of Medicine tau qhia tias tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv 100 feem pua ​​tiv thaiv HPV 16, cov kab mob feem ntau txuas nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Merck Research Laboratories, uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siv hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb, tam sim no tab tom ua haujlwm rau lwm qhov kev tsim qauv uas yuav tiv thaiv plaub hom HPV: 16 thiab 18, uas ua rau 70 feem pua ​​ntawm cov mob qog noj ntshav, hais tias tus kws sau ntawv tshawb fawb Laura A. Koutsky, Ph. DD, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Washington tus kws tshaj lij kis kab mob, thiab HPV 6 thiab 11, uas ua rau 90 feem pua ​​ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov chaw.

Tab sis txawm tias thaum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, nws tsis zoo li koj, tus poj niam laus, yuav yog thawj tus tau txais nws. Koutsky hais tias "Cov neeg sib tw zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog 10-rau 13-xyoo-laus ntxhais thiab cov tub," Koutsky hais. "Peb yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tib neeg ua ntej lawv sib deev thiab kis tus kabmob."

Ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - uas yuav muab tom qab kis kab mob txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob - tseem tab tom kawm, hais tias Thomas C. Wright Jr., MD, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm pathology ntawm Columbia University hauv New York City, tab sis tseem tsis tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig (tseem).

2. Puas muaj qee hom HPV txaus ntshai dua lwm tus?

Yog lawm Ntawm ntau dua 100 hom kab mob HPV uas tau txheeb xyuas, ntau (xws li HPV 6 thiab 11) paub tias ua rau qhov chaw mos pob khaus, uas yog benign thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Lwm tus, xws li HPV 16 thiab 18, yog qhov txaus ntshai dua. Qhov teeb meem yog txawm hais tias tam sim no muaj HPV kuaj (saib cov lus teb tsis tau. 6 kom paub ntau ntxiv) tuaj yeem kuaj pom 13 hom HPV, nws tsis tuaj yeem qhia koj tias koj muaj kab mob twg.

Thomas Cox, MD, tus thawj coj ntawm Tsev Kho Mob Poj Niam ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab California, Santa Barbara, tshaj tawm tias kev tshuaj ntsuam tshiab tau raug tsim los uas yuav muaj peev xwm xaiv tus kheej hom, tab sis yuav tsis muaj rau lwm xyoo lossis ob xyoos. "Cov kev ntsuas no tuaj yeem qhia tau yog tias koj muaj qhov pheej hmoo pheej hmoo hom HPV, uas ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo pheej hmoo mob qog noj ntshav, lossis hom HPV uas tej zaum yuav nyob ntev (piv txwv li, yuav ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej) lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo tsawg, "nws ntxiv.

3. Puas yog HPV kho tau?

Qhov ntawd yog kev sib cav. Cov kws kho mob tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tua tus kab mob nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem kho cov kev hloov pauv ntawm tes thiab cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw mos nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj xws li Aldara (imiquimod) thiab Condylox (podofilox) los yog khov, hlawv lossis txiav cov warts tawm. Los yog lawv tuaj yeem qhia tsuas yog saib cov xwm txheej rau kev hloov pauv ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov kab mob - txawm tias lawv tsim cov tsos mob los yog tsis - yuav ploj mus nyob rau hauv ib mus rau ob xyoos. Tab sis cov kws kho mob tsis paub tias qhov no txhais tau tias koj tau kho tus kab mob zoo lossis yog tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsuas yog siv zog nws thiaj li nws pw tsis tsaug zog hauv koj lub cev ib yam li tus kab mob herpes ua.

4. Kuv puas yuav tau txais qhov kev xeem "pap kua" tshiab dua tsis yog Pap smear?

Muaj qee qhov laj thawj zoo kom tau txais ThinPrep, raws li kev kuaj kua cytology hu ua, Cox hais. Ob qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, tab sis ThinPrep tsim cov qauv zoo dua rau kev tshuaj xyuas thiab yog qhov tseeb me ntsis dua li Pap smear. Ib qho ntxiv, cov hlwb tshem tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam rau ThinPrep tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas HPV thiab lwm yam kab mob STIs, yog li yog pom muaj qhov txawv txav, koj tsis tas yuav rov mus rau koj tus kws kho mob kom muab lwm qhov piv txwv. Vim li no, cov kua ntsuas tam sim no feem ntau ua rau kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv ncauj tsev menyuam hauv Tebchaws Meskas. (Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias koj tau txais qhov kev xeem twg, nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis kws saib xyuas neeg mob.)

5. Kuv puas tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj Pap txhua xyoo?

Cov txheej txheem tshiab los ntawm American Cancer Society hais tias yog koj xaiv rau ThinPrep ntau dua li Pap smear, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj txhua ob xyoos. Yog tias koj muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo (tom qab ntawd koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob HPV poob qis) thiab koj tau muaj peb qhov kev tshwm sim ib txwm sib law liag, koj tuaj yeem tso qhov kev sim rau txhua ob lossis peb xyoos.

Ib qho kev ceeb toom yog tias txawm tias koj hla txhua xyoo Paps, gynecologists tseem pom zoo kom koj tau txais kev kuaj mob plab txhua xyoo kom paub tseeb tias koj lub zes qe menyuam zoo li qub thiab, yog tias koj tsis yog monogamous, sim rau lwm yam kab mob STIs, xws li chlamydia.

6. Tam sim no muaj kev kuaj HPV. Kuv puas yuav tsum tau txais nws?

Tam sim no, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tiag tiag yog tias koj muaj qhov txawv txav Pap kuaj tau hu ua ASCUS, uas sawv cev rau Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (saib cov lus teb No.7 kom paub ntxiv txog qhov ntawd), vim tias yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nws qhia koj tus kws kho mob koj xav tau. ntxiv kev sim lossis kev kho mob. Thiab yog tias lawv tsis zoo, koj tau txais kev lees paub tias koj tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Tab sis kev xeem HPV tsis tsim nyog raws li kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txhua xyoo (ib qho nrog kuaj Pap lossis nyob ib leeg), vim tias nws tuaj yeem khaws cov kab mob sib kis, ua rau muaj kev sim ntxiv uas tsis tsim nyog thiab ntxhov siab. Txawm li cas los xij, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nyuam qhuav pom zoo siv qhov kev sim ua ke nrog Pap smear rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog 30 xyoo, thiab ntau tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom koj muaj qhov kev sim ob zaug txhua peb xyoos. "Lub sijhawm ntawd yuav muab sijhawm txaus los ntes tus pojniam lub tsev menyuam ua ntej, uas ua rau qeeb zuj zus," Wright hais, thaum tsis khaws cov xwm txheej ib ntus. (Tau kawg, qhov ntawd tsuas yog yog qhov txiaj ntsig tau ib txwm muaj. Yog tias lawv txawv txav, koj yuav xav tau rov ua dua lossis kuaj ntxiv.)

7. Yog tias kuv tau txais qhov ntsuas Pap txawv txav, kuv xav tau lwm yam kev ntsuam xyuas dab tsi?

Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj Pap raug xa rov qab nrog ASCUS cov txiaj ntsig, cov lus qhia tsis ntev los no qhia koj muaj peb qho kev xaiv sib xws uas raug rau kev kuaj mob ntxiv: Koj tuaj yeem muaj ob qhov kev kuaj Pap rov ua dua li plaub txog rau rau lub hlis sib nrug, kuaj HPV, lossis colposcopy (txheej txheem ua haujlwm thaum uas tus kws kho mob siv lub teeb pom kev zoo los tshuaj xyuas cov muaj peev xwm ua ntej). Lwm qhov kev tshwm sim tsis zoo uas tshwm sim ntau dua - nrog rau cov lus sau xws li AGUS, LSIL thiab HSIL - yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam tam sim nrog colposcopy, hais tias National Cancer Institute's Diane Solomon, MD, uas tau pab sau cov lus qhia tshiab ntawm cov ncauj lus.

8. Yog tias kuv muaj HPV, kuv tus hluas nraug lossis tus txij nkawm puas yuav raug kuaj thiab?

Tsis yog, tsis muaj laj thawj me me rau qhov ntawd, hais tias Cox, txij li tej zaum koj yuav qhia tus kab mob no lawm thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas yuav ua tau los kho nws yog tias nws tsis muaj kab mob los yog HPV hloov pauv (lub npe hu ua kab mob) ntawm nws qhov chaw mos. Dab tsi ntxiv, tam sim no tsis muaj FDA-pom zoo kuaj ntsuas rau txiv neej.

Raws li kev kis tus kab mob HPV rau cov neeg koom tes tshiab, cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev siv hnab looj tes yuav txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm HPV cov kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob hauv qhov chaw mos thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Tab sis cov hnab looj tes zoo li tsuas yog tiv thaiv me ntsis ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, vim tias lawv tsis npog tag nrho cov tawv nqaij ntawm qhov chaw mos. "Kev nyob tsis nyob yog tib txoj hauv kev tiag tiag los tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob HPV," Wright piav qhia. Thaum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob HPV, tab sis, txiv neej-lossis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub hluas ua ntej hluas-yuav raug tsom rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog rau cov ntxhais uas muaj hnub nyoog tib yam.

Yog xav paub ntxiv txog HPV, hu rau:

-American Social Health Association (800-783-9877, www.ashastd.org)-Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob STD Hotline (800-227-8922, www.cdc.gov/std)

Ntsuam xyuas rau