Teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg hauv cov menyuam mos ua ntej

Zoo Siab

• Cov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai rau kev yug ntxov ntxov yog dab tsi?
• Cov teeb meem qhov muag pom li cas hauv cov me nyuam yug ntxov ntxov?
• Retinopathy ntawm lub sijhawm yug menyuam (ROP)
• Strabismus
• Dig muag
• Cov teeb meem pob ntseg dab tsi tuaj yeem pom hauv cov menyuam yaus ua ntej yug los?
• Congenital hnov ​​lus tsis zoo
• Lub cev txawv txav
• Yuav kuaj pom teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg li cas?
• Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov muag
• Hnov cov lus ntsuas
• Kho teeb meem thiab kho qhov muag li cas?
• Kho pob ntseg thiab pob ntseg li cas?
• Qhov tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg yog dab tsi?
• Muaj peev txheej dab tsi rau cov menyuam mosliab uas qhovmuag thiab qhovmuag?

Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub qhov muag thiab pob ntseg puas cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam mos thaum ntxov?

Cov menyuam yug ua ntej yog cov menyuam uas tau yug los nyob 37 lub lis piam lossis ntxov dua ntawd. Txij thaum ib txwm cev xeeb tub muaj li 40 lub lis piam, cov menyuam mos thaum yug ntxov muaj tsawg lub sijhawm los tsim hauv plab. Qhov no ua rau lawv muaj feem ua rau muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab mob hlwb yug.

Qee qhov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej hnub nyoog xws li pom kev thiab tsis hnov ​​lus. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov theem kawg ntawm kev pom kev thiab hnov ​​lus muaj tshwm sim ob peb lub lis piam dhau los ntawm kev xeeb tub. Cov kws tshaj lij sau cia ua ntej txog hnub yug ua ntej yog lub luag haujlwm 35 feem pua ​​ntawm qhov tsis pom kev thiab 25 feem pua ​​ntawm qhov tsis pom kev lossis tsis hnov ​​lus.

Nyeem rau kom paub txog qhov teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov menyuam mos thaum ntxov, thiab tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev kho mob tsim nyog.

Cov kev pheej hmoo txaus ntshai rau kev yug ntxov ntxov yog dab tsi?

Lub Peb Hlis Dimes kwv yees tias kwv yees li 1 ntawm 10 ntawm cov menyuam mos ab hauv Tebchaws Meskas yug ntxov ntxov txhua xyoo. Nws tsis yog ib txwm paub tias dab tsi ua rau mob plab ntxov ntxov thiab yug menyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, qee yam kev pheej hmoo tuaj yeem ua rau yug tau ntxov. Qee qhov ntawm cov pheej hmoo muaj feem tau teev tseg hauv qab no.

Yam txaus ntshai uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau:

• Lub hnub nyoog. Cov poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 17 xyoo thiab tshaj 35 xyoo yog cov muaj feem ntau hnub yug.
• Haiv Neeg. Cov menyuam yaus ntawm haiv neeg African yug los ua ntej lub sijhawm ntxov ntau dua li menyuam yaus ntawm lwm haiv neeg.

Muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev xeeb tub thiab kev ua me nyuam:

• ib tug me nyuam ua ntej yug los
• muaj tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj me nyuam yug ntxov
• xeeb menyuam nrog ntau tus menyuam
• cev xeeb tub hauv 18 lub hlis txij thaum koj tau koj tus me nyuam kawg
• xeeb menyuam tom qab hauv vitro fertilization (IVF)
• dhau los lossis tam sim no muaj teeb meem nrog koj lub tsev menyuam lossis ncauj tsev menyuam

Yam txaus ntshai ntsig txog kev noj qab haus huv:

• muaj kev noj tsis haum
• rog lossis rog dhau lawm
• tej hom mob, suav nrog mob ntshav qab zib, mob thrombophilia, ntshav siab, thiab preeclampsia

Cov yam phom sij cuam tshuam txog kev ua neej:

• kev ntxhov siab lossis ua haujlwm ntev ntev
• haus luam yeeb thiab cov pa luam yeeb ncho
• haus cawv
• siv yeeb tshuaj

Lwm yam kev pheej hmoo:

• Kev tsim txom hauv vaj tse nce qhov txaus ntshai ntawm cov teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub. Yog koj tsis paub tias koj muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv koj lub tsev lossis muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm ib tug neeg ntaus lossis ua phem rau koj, nrhiav kev pab tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab koj tus menyuam hauv plab. Hu rau National National Violence Hotline ntawm 800-799-7233 yog xav tau kev pab.

Cov teeb meem qhov muag pom li cas hauv cov me nyuam yug ntxov ntxov?

Ob lub qhov muag pom muaj ntau tshaj li peb lub hlis dhau los ntawm kev xeeb tub. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum nyuam qhuav yug tau ib tus menyuam, feem ntau lawv yuav ntsib teebmeem qhov muag.

Ntau lub qhov muag teeb pom kev los ntawm txoj kev txhim kho cov hlab ntshav tsis txaus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom kev. Thaum lub qhov muag yuav zoo li qub, koj yuav pom tias koj tus menyuam tsis teb rau cov khoom lossis hloov qhov pom kev. Cov kev txawv txav no yuav yog cov cim ntawm qhov tsis pom kev lossis tsis pom kev.

Retinopathy ntawm lub sijhawm yug menyuam (ROP)

Tus kab mob qhov muag retinopathy ntawm kev yug menyuam ua ntej (ROP) muaj kev txhim kho thaum cov hlab ntsha tsis tuaj yeem loj hauv qhov muag. Raws li National National Institute, ROP muaj feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yug ua ntej 31 lub lis piam los yog lub sijhawm yug me nyuam qis heev.

Ntawm ntau lab ntawm cov menyuam mos uas yug ntxov ntxov uas tau yug hauv Tebchaws Meskas txhua xyoo, Lub Tebchaws Qhov Muag Hauv Lub Tebchaws tau sau li 28,000 tus menyuam yaus hnyav li 2 3/4 phaus lossis luv dua. Ntawm 14,000 txog 16,000 muaj ROP, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam mos tau mob me. Txhua xyoo, tsuas yog 1,100 txog 1,500 tus menyuam mos liab txhim kho ROP uas mob hnyav txaus los lav kev kho.

ROP muaj feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej thaum ntxov vim kev yug menyuam ntxov cuam tshuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntshav. Qhov no ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qhov retina. Cov hlab ntsha muab cov pa oxygen txuas mus rau lub qhov muag kom tsim kho qhov muag. Thaum menyuam yaus yug ua ntej lub sijhawm, lub cev oxygen hloov pauv.

Tshwj xeeb, feem ntau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej hnub nyoog xav tau oxygen ntxiv hauv tsev kho mob rau lawv lub ntsws. Qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov pa oxygen cuam tshuam lawv cov pa oxygen ib qib. Qhov cuam tshuam no tuaj yeem ua rau ROP kev tsim kho.

Qhov pom tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim yog cov ntshav ntsha tsis zoo pib o thiab ntshav tawm vim cov pa oxygen tsis raug. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, tus retina tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov muag, ua teeb meem pom kev Muaj qee kis, nws tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.

Lwm qhov kev phom sij ntxiv ntawm ROP suav nrog:

• hla qhov muag (strabismus)
• tsis pom kev zoo
• farsightedness
• qhov muag tub nkeeg (amblyopia)
• mob ntsws

Cov teeb meem los ntawm ROP tsis feem ntau tshwm sim mus txog rau thaum me nyuam yaus thiab neeg laus.

Yuav kuaj koj tus menyuam ntau npaum li cas rau ROP nyob ntawm tus Retina cov xwm txheej. Feem ntau, kev kuaj mob tau ua nyob rau txhua ib mus rau ob lub lis piam kom txog thaum ROP kho tau lossis ruaj khov. Yog tias ROP tseem nyob, koj tus menyuam yuav raug kuaj txhua 4 mus rau 6 lub limtiam kom paub tseeb tias ROP tsis txhob ua kom mob ntxiv lossis yuav tsum tau kho.

Feem ntau cov menyuam mos yuav tsum kuaj ib ntus, txawm hais tias mob hnyav los xij. Cov muaj ROP loj heev yuav tau mus kuaj rau hauv neeg laus.

Txhua tus menyuam mos thaum yug ntxov yuav tau txais kev kuaj thiab ntsuas ROP txij thaum muaj 1 hlis thiab ib zaug. Yog tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb, lub qhov muag yuav raug saib xyuas lub lim tiam. Txoj kev kho yog nyob ntawm tus menyuam thiab mob hnyav ROP. Koj tuaj yeem sab laj txog cov kev xaiv nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob kom sim thiab tiv thaiv kev nce ntxiv.

Strabismus

Strabismus (hla qhov muag) yog ib qho mob qhov muag uas pom tau rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 5 xyoos. Nws ua rau lub misalignment ntawm ib qho lossis ob qhov muag. Nws tuaj yeem ua teeb meem pom kev mus tas li yog tias nws tsis kuaj thiab kho thaum ntxov.

Muaj ntau yam kev pheej hmoo rau strabismus, suav nrog ROP. Kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2014 tau pom tias lub sijhawm yug me nyuam qis dua lub cev tseem ua rau muaj tus kabmob strabismus ntau dua tuaj thaum lub neej yav dhau los: Cov menyuam mos uas yug los muaj lub cev qis dua qis dua 2,000 grams, kev sib npaug ntawm 4.41 phaus, yog 61 feem pua ​​muaj feem yuav mob strabismus.

Strabismus tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov leeg cranial ua rau lub qhov muag txav tsis muaj zog, lossis muaj teeb meem nrog cov leeg qhov muag. Ntau hom strabismus muaj cov tsos mob sib txawv:

• Kab rov tav strabismus. Hauv hom no, ib qho lossis ob lub qhov muag tig sab hauv. Nws kuj yuav raug xa mus ua "hla-pom." Kab rov tav strabismus tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag lossis qhov muag uas tig mus sab nraud. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws yuav raug hu hais tias nws yog "lub qhov muag daj."
• Ntsug strabismus. Hauv hom no, ib lub qhov muag siab dua lossis qis dua qhov muag ib txwm pom.

Dig muag

Qhov muag tsis pom yog lwm qhov kev tsis txaus ntseeg cuam tshuam nrog kev yug ua ntej. Retinal detachment cuam tshuam nrog ROP qee zaum ua rau qhov no. Yog tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tawm mus tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.

Lwm yam mob ntawm cov dig muag ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua ntej tsis tau muaj cais los ntawm ROP. Qee tus menyuam yaus yug los yam tsis muaj qee yam ntawm lub qhov muag, xws li lub qhov muag daj lossis qhov muag, uas ua rau tsis pom kev. Cov mob no muaj tsawg heev thiab tsis tas yuav muaj ntau rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej.

Cov teeb meem pob ntseg dab tsi tuaj yeem pom hauv cov menyuam yaus ua ntej yug los?

Teeb meem pob ntseg kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus ua ntej. Qee tus menyuam yaus yuav hnov ​​lus thiab tsis pom kev. Lwm tus yuav hnov ​​cov teeb meem tsis hnov ​​lus. Lub cev tsis zoo ntawm lub pob ntseg kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov menyuam tsis tau yug ua ntej.

Kev tsis hnov ​​lus thiab tsis hnov ​​lus yog cov kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws.

Congenital hnov ​​lus tsis zoo

Qhov tsis hnov ​​lus los ntawm lub ntsej muag yog hais txog cov teeb meem tsis hnov ​​lus uas tshwm sim thaum yug los. Cov teeb meem no yuav cuam tshuam rau pob ntseg lossis ob lub pob ntseg, uas ua rau ib qho lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov ​​lus.

Hnov tsis hnov ​​lus hauv cov menyuam yaus feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov pheej hmoo ntawm lub pob ntseg tsis hnov ​​lus zoo dua yog cov menyuam yaus ua ntej. Nov yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb yog tias leej niam muaj mob rau lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, xws li:

• herpes, suav nrog ib hom hu ua cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• mob syphilis
• Kabmob German (rubella)
• toxoplasmosis, tus kab mob cab

Cov ntawv ceeb toom tsis hnov ​​lus cuam tshuam ntawm cov menyuam yaus muaj feem ntau. Cov menyuam yaus uas tsis tau qoos yuav suav tias yog kev pheej hmoo siab.

Lub cev txawv txav

Lub cev tsis zoo ntawm lub pob ntseg tsis yog ib txwm muaj xws li kev hnov ​​lus hauv cov menyuam yaus ua ntej, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm qhov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Tsis tshua muaj, kev siv tshuaj pab rau lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis zoo ntawm lub pob ntseg hauv cov menyuam mos ua ntej.

Muaj peev xwm ua pob ntseg tsis zoo uas yuav cuam tshuam menyuam:

• nyuaj qhov muag nyob ib ncig ntawm pob ntseg
• daim pib tawv nqaij, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm pob ntseg
• malformations ntawm pob ntseg, uas feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm teeb meem chromosomal

Yuav kuaj pom teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg li cas?

Txhua tus menyuam yug tshiab uas xa hauv tsev khomob lossis chaw yug menyuam tau kuaj mob tsis pom kev thiab tsis hnov ​​teebmeem thaum yug los.Txawm li cas los xij, cov menyuam mos ua ntej hnub nyoog yuav tau kuaj ntxiv los kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj teebmeem.

Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov muag

Tus kws kho mob ntsej muag yuav tshawb xyuas koj tus menyuam lub zeem muag thiab kuaj ntsuas seb puas pom tus mob ROP. Nov yog tus kws kho qhov muag uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev kho mob thiab kho teeb meem qhov muag.

Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ROP, tso tee tso rau hauv tus menyuam lub qhov muag kom ncu tau lawv. Tus kws kho mob yuav txua lub qhov muag tsom rau lawv lub taub hau yog li lawv tuaj yeem kuaj tus menyuam lub ntsej muag.

Muaj qee kis, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem nias lub qhov muag nrog lub cuab yeej me lossis nqa cov duab ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov kev kuaj no yuav rov qab ua ntu zus los saib xyuas thiab kuaj ROP.

Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho qhov muag kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov muag los saib cov cim strabismus.

Hnov cov lus ntsuas

Yog tias koj tus menyuam tsis dhau qhov kev kuaj pob ntseg, tus kws ntsuam xyuas mob yuav kuaj xyuas lawv. Kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv kev kuaj thiab kho cov teeb meem tsis hnov ​​lus. Lawv tuaj yeem ua kev sim txuas ntxiv txhawm rau txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav teeb meem tsis hnov ​​lus.

Ntsuam xyuas pob ntseg uas yuav ua tau suav nrog:

• Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) kev xeem. Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas saib lub ntsej muag sab hauv zoo li cas rau lub suab.
• Lub paj hlwb auditory evoked teb (BAER) xeem. Qhov kev ntsuas no ntsuas kev tawm tsam ntawm lub suab nrov hnov ​​qab haus uas siv lub computer thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob. Cov xaum hluav taws xob yog thaj ua rau thaj nplaum. Tus kws kho mob yuav muab qee yam rau koj tus menyuam lub cev. Lawv yuav kaw cov suab thiab kaw koj tus menyuam cov kev tawm. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no tseem muaj lub npe hu ua cov kev ntsuam xyuas cov hlwb (AABR) cov lus teb.

Kho teeb meem thiab kho qhov muag li cas?

Yuav luag txhua tus menyuam yaus uas mob ROP tsis tas kho dab tsi. Yog tias xav tau kev kho mob, koj tus kws kho mob tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam. Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam tus kws kho qhov muag tom qab koj tus menyuam los tsev.

Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tuaj yeem kho tau ntau yam mob hnyav ntawm ROP:

• Cryosurgery koom nrog kom khov thiab ua kom puas cov leeg ntshav nyob rau hauv retina.
• Kev kho laser siv lub teeb ci ua kom muaj zog rau hlawv thiab tshem tawm cov hlab ntshav tsis zoo.
• Kho plawv tshem tawm cov caws pliav ntawm qhov muag.
• Scleral buckling muaj qhov tso txoj hlua khi zaws ncig lub qhov muag los tiv thaiv kev mob retinal.
• Kev phais mob tuaj yeem kho kom tiav cov khoom retinal.

Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kho lub qhov muag ploj uas siv qhov phais thaum koj tus menyuam loj dua.

Kev kho mob rau strabismus yog nyob ntawm qhov mob ntawm tus mob. Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav siv cov kev kho mob los mus ua kom tiav rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem siv rau strabismus suav nrog:

• tsom iav, nrog lossis tsis pub kom muaj kev cuam tshuam los pab kom teeb pom kev zoo
• ib qho npog qhov muag kom muab tso rau saum ib lub qhov muag
• qhov muag ua kom muaj zog rau cov leeg qhov muag
• kev phais mob, uas tseg rau mob hnyav lossis mob uas tsis kho nrog lwm yam kev kho mob

Kho pob ntseg thiab pob ntseg li cas?

Kev ua lub ntsej muag cochlear cog rau hauv pob ntseg yuav ua tau rau qhov tsis hnov ​​lus. Lub tshuab cochlear yog qhov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw puas ntawm pob ntseg. Nws pab rov qab hnov ​​lus los ntawm muab cov cim suab rau lub hlwb.

Cochlear kev cog hniav tsis yog rau txhua hom kev hnov ​​lus. Tham nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob seb puas pom lub cochlear implant tsim nyog rau lawv.

Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob tseem yuav hais kom:

• hnov pob ntseg
• hais lus kho
• nyeem di ncauj
• piav tes lus

Kev phais mob feem ntau tau ua txhawm rau kho teeb meem nrog kev tsim pob ntseg.

Qhov tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg yog dab tsi?

Txhua tus menyuam mosliab yuav dhau los ua kev sim ntsuas sai sai tomqab tus menyuam yug tas, tsis hais lawv yug menyuam ntxov lossis qeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ntsuam xyuas no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus ua ntej, vim tias lawv yuav dhau los ua cov nyom. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem paub txog cov teeb meem tam sim ntawd thiab muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm luv thiab ntev.

Kev pheej hmoo rau teeb meem qhov muag thiab pob ntseg sib txawv ntawm cov menyuam mos ua ntej. Cov menyuam ntxov ntxov tau yug los, feem ntau lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam txog cov teeb meem no. Kev paub thaum ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim qee qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem dhau lub sijhawm. Txawm tias cov qib zoo rau cov kev kho yuav txawv, kev cuam tshuam thaum ntxov tuaj yeem daws teeb meem feem ntau ntawm lub qhov muag thiab pob ntseg.

Rau ib tus menyuam yug ua ntej, yuav tau ntsib kws kho mob tshwj xeeb ntxiv kom ntseeg tau hais tias lawv ib txwm loj hlob. Cov menyuam yug ua ntej tsis tau yauv tsum muaj kev saib xyuas ntxiv nyob rau thawj ob peb lub asthiv thiab hli ntawm lub neej, nrog lossis tsis pom kev lossis tsis pom kev.

Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj lub zeem muag, thaum ntawd koj yuav tau mus ntsib tus kws kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Kev kho mob rau pob ntseg yuav suav nrog kev mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag tsis tu ncua.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas koj coj koj tus menyuam mus rau tag nrho lawv cov sijhawm teem sijhawm. Cov kev kuaj mob no yuav pab lawv tus kws kho mob soj xyuas txhua yam teeb meem ua ntej thiab paub meej tias koj tus menyuam tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej pib muaj kev noj qab haus huv.

Muaj peev txheej dab tsi rau cov menyuam mosliab uas qhovmuag thiab qhovmuag?

Cov kws kho mob, cov kws tu neeg mob thiab cov kws ua hauj lwm nyob ntawd pab koj. Xav tias dawb nug ntau cov lus nug txog kev saib xyuas thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj tus menyuam yug ua ntej.

Kuj tseem muaj ntau pab pawg txhawb nqa uas tuaj yeem pab teb cov lus nug thiab nco koj tias koj thiab koj tus menyuam tsis yog nyob ib leeg. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pab pawg nyob hauv koj thaj chaw, thiab lwm yam, los ntawm koj tus neeg saib xyuas cov leeg yug menyuam (NICU) tus kws lis haujlwm.