Txhua Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Tau Paub Txog Poikilocytosis

Zoo Siab

• Cov tsos mob ntawm poikilocytosis
• Dab tsi ua rau mob poikilocytosis?
• Kev kuaj mob poikilocytosis
• Poikilocytosis sib txawv yog dab tsi?
• Spherocytes
• Stomatocytes (lub qhov ncauj hlwb)
• Codocytes (phiaj hlwb)
• Leptocytes
• Mob hlwb (drepanocytes)
• Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)
• Dacryocytes (teardrop hlwb)
• Acanthocytes (mob hlwb)
• Echinocytes (cov hlwb tawg)
• Schizocytes (schistocytes)
• Yuav kho tus mob poikilocytosis li cas?
• Qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi?

Poikilocytosis yog dab tsi?

Poikilocytosis yog lo lus kev kho mob rau kev muaj cov ntshav liab txaus (RBCs) hauv koj cov ntshav. Cov ntshav tsis zoo li lub cev hu ua poikilocytes.

Feem ntau, ib tus neeg lub RBCs (tseem hu ua erythrocytes) yog cov duab uas muaj lub ntsej muag uas muaj lub pluav nyob ntawm ob sab. Poikilocytes yuav:

• yuav hais lus txawv dua li ib txwm
• tau elongated, crescent-zoo li, los yog teardrop-puab
• muaj pointy projections
• muaj lwm yam txawv txav

RBCs nqa oxygen thiab cov as-ham rau koj lub cev cov nqaij thiab cov kabmob. Yog tias koj RBCs zoo li lub cev tsis xwm yeem, lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov pa oxygen txaus.

Poikilocytosis feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm lwm qhov mob, xws li ntshav liab, kab mob siab, kev quav dej quav cawv, lossis cov ntshav muaj teeb meem. Vim li no, muaj cov poikilocytes thiab cov duab ntawm lub qog ua haujlwm tsis zoo yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txheeb xyuas lwm yam mob. Yog tias koj muaj tus mob poikilocytosis, koj yuav muaj qhov pib uas yuav tsum tau kho.

Cov tsos mob ntawm poikilocytosis

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm poikilocytosis yog muaj qhov muaj nuj nqis tseem ceeb (ntau dua 10 feem pua) ntawm RBCs uas tsis xws luag.

Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob poikilocytosis nyob ntawm tus mob. Poikilocytosis tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov tsos mob ntawm ntau lwm yam kev cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm lwm cov ntshav ntsig txog ntshav, xws li ntshav liab, suav nrog:

• nkees
• daj ntseg tawv nqaij
• tsis muaj zog
• txog siav

Cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb no yog los ntawm cov pa oxygen tsis tau xa mus rau lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov plab hnyuv siab raum.

Dab tsi ua rau mob poikilocytosis?

Poikilocytosis feem ntau yog los ntawm lwm yam mob. Poikilocytosis mob tuaj yeem tau txais cov kabmob los yog tau los. Inherited tej yam kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov caj noob ceg. Cov mob uas yuav kis tau los tom qab lub neej.

Cov kab mob ua rau poikilocytosis muaj xws li:

• sickle cell anemia, uas yog ib qho kab mob caj ces muaj cim los ntawm RBCs nrog qhov tsis meej lub cev tsis meej pem
• thalassemia, muaj keeb ntshav tsis txaus uas lub cev ua rau hemoglobin txawv txav
• pyruvate kinase tsis muaj peev xwm
• McLeod syndrome, yog ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb heev uas cuam tshuam rau cov hlab ntsha, lub plawv, ntshav, thiab lub hlwb. Cov tsos mob feem ntau yog maj mam pib thiab thaum nruab nrab xyoo
• roj ntsha elliptocytosis
• roj ntsha muaj keeb spherocytosis

Nrhiav ua rau poikilocytosis suav nrog:

• cov ntshav tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov ntshav tsawg txaus uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsis muaj hlau txaus
• megaloblastic anemia, ntshav qog ntau ua los ntawm kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm folate lossis vitamin B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, ib pawg mob tsis sib haum xeeb uas tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsis muaj zog yuam kev RBCs
• mob siab thiab mob raum
• kev quav dej cawv lossis haus dej cawv muaj lub siab ua haujlwm
• taug txhuas
• kev siv tshuaj kho mob
• mob hnyav
• mob cancer
• myelofibrosis

Kev kuaj mob poikilocytosis

Txhua tus menyuam mosliab hauv tebchaws Meskas tau tshuaj xyuas qee yam kabmob ntshav tsis raws cai, xws li mob ntshav rau cov ntshav. Yuav soj ntsuam tus mob Poikilocytosis thaum lub caij sim ntshav hu ua ntshav ntxuav. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav ua tau thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ib ce, lossis yog tias koj tau pom muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim.

Thaum tso ntshav tawm, cov kws kho mob kis ib txheej ntshav nyias nyias ntawm lub tsom tsom me me thiab muab cov ntshav los pab ua kom lub hlwb sib txawv. Tus kws kho mob tom qab saib cov ntshav hauv lub tshuab tsom, qhov loj thiab me ntawm RBC tuaj yeem pom.

Tsis yog txhua tus RBC yuav coj tus yam ntxwv txawv txav. Cov tib neeg muaj poikilocytosis feem ntau tau hloov ua cov hlwb sib xyaw nrog cov hlwb tsis zoo li niaj zaus. Qee zaum, muaj ob peb hom poikilocytes tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sim ua cov duab uas ntau tshaj plaws.

Ib qho ntxiv, koj tus kws kho mob yuav khiav ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv kom paub seb dab tsi ua rau koj qhov tsis zoo li RBCs. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav nug koj txog koj li keeb kwm kev kho mob. Nco ntsoov qhia lawv txog koj cov tsos mob lossis yog tias koj tab tom noj tshuaj.

Cov piv txwv ntawm lwm cov kev kuaj mob muaj xws li:

• ua tiav cov ntshav suav (CBC)
• ntshiab theem hlau
• ferritin kuaj
• kuaj ntshav vitamin B-12
• folate xeem
• daim siab ua haujlwm kuaj
• muab hlwb pob txha ua khoom
• pyruvate kinase xeem ntawv

Poikilocytosis sib txawv yog dab tsi?

Muaj ob peb yam sib txawv ntawm tus mob poikilocytosis. Cov hom nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm RBCs tsis zoo li tus. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm kom muaj ntau tshaj ib hom poikilocyte tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov ntshav thaum lub sijhawm, feem ntau ib hom yuav tshaj lwm tus.

Spherocytes

Spherocytes yog cov me me, ntom puag ncig lub hlwb uas tsis muaj lub ntsej muag, lub teeb ci xim ntawm nruab nrab ntawm RBCs zoo li niaj zaus. Spherocytes tuaj yeem pom hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• roj ntsha muaj keeb spherocytosis
• autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• hemolytic transfusion kev tsis haum
• cov cell liab ua kom txawv txav

Stomatocytes (lub qhov ncauj hlwb)

Lub hauv paus feem ntawm stomatocyte cell yog elliptical, lossis slit-like, hloov hloov ncig. Stomatocytes feem ntau piav qhia raws li lub qhov ncauj zoo li tus, thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg nrog:

• quav cawv
• daim siab mob
• mob raws caj ces stomatocytosis, ib hom mob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim vim cov cell membrane xau sodium thiab potassium ions

Codocytes (phiaj hlwb)

Codocytes qee zaum hu ua phiaj xov tooj rau feem ntau vim tias lawv feem ntau zoo li thaj chaw thau khoom. Codocytes yuav tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• thalassemia
• mob cholestatic mob siab
• hemoglobin C mob
• cov neeg uas nyuam qhuav tau tshem lawv tus po (splenectomy)

Thaum uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, codoctyes tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg mob qog ntshav ntshav, ntshav tsis muaj ntshav, lossis muaj taug txhuas lom.

Leptocytes

Feem ntau hu ua wafer hlwb, leptocytes yog nyias, tiaj hlwb nrog hemoglobin ntawm ntug ntawm tes. Leptocytes tau pom muaj nyob hauv cov neeg mob thalassemia thiab cov neeg muaj kab mob siab.

Mob hlwb (drepanocytes)

Sickle cells, lossis drepanocytes, yog elongated, crescent-zoo li tus RBCs. Cov hlwb no yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus mob ntshav nce hlwb ntau ntawm kev mob ntshav qab zib thiab hemoglobin S-thalassemia.

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

Elliptocytes, tseem hu ua ovalocytes, yog me ntsis oval rau cig-zoo li tus nrog blunt xaus. Feem ntau, qhov uas muaj coob tus elliptocytes qhia txog kev mob uas muaj los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces elliptocytosis. Cov naj npawb hauv elliptocytes yuav pom nyob hauv cov neeg uas muaj:

• thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• mob ntsws
• hlau tsis muaj zog
• megaloblastic anemia

Dacryocytes (teardrop hlwb)

Teardrop erythrocytes, lossis dacryocytes, yog RBCs nrog ib puag ncig kawg thiab ib qho zoo kawg. Poikilocyte no tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg nrog:

• beta-thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• mob leukemia
• megaloblastic anemia
• hemolytic anemia

Acanthocytes (mob hlwb)

Acanthocytes muaj qhov thorny ua haujlwm tsis zoo (hu ua spicules) ntawm ntug ntawm lub cell ua qauv. Acanthocytes muaj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li:

• abetalipoproteinemia, ib yam mob uas tsis tshua muaj muaj tshwm sim ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm nqus tau qee cov rog
• cawv ntau tus kab mob siab
• tom qab hnoos qeev
• autoimmune hemolytic anemia
• mob raum
• thalassemia
• McLeod mob

Echinocytes (cov hlwb tawg)

Zoo li acanthocytes, echinocytes kuj tseem muaj qhov projections (spicules) ntawm ntug ntawm lub cell ua qauv. Tab sis cov phiaj xwm no feem ntau yog tusyees spaced thiab tshwm sim ntau dua li ntawm acanthocytes. Echinocytes tseem hu ua burr cell.

Echinocytes yuav pom nyob hauv cov neeg uas muaj cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• pyruvate kinase deficiency, ib qho kev muaj mob ntawm cov roj ntsha tsis taus uas cuam tshuam rau kev muaj sia nyob ntawm RBCs
• mob raum
• mob cancer
• sai tom qab hloov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav hnub nyoog (echinocytes yuav tsim thaum lub sijhawm khaws cov ntshav)

Schizocytes (schistocytes)

Schizocytes tau tawg RBCs. Lawv tau pom muaj tshwm sim hauv cov neeg muaj tus mob hemolytic anemias lossis tuaj yeem tshwm rau cov lus teb rau cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

• sepsis
• kis mob hnyav
• hlawv
• nqaij raug mob

Yuav kho tus mob poikilocytosis li cas?

Cov kev kho rau tus mob poikilocytosis nyob ntawm seb qhov twg ua rau tus mob. Piv txwv, poikilocytosis tshwm sim los ntawm cov vitamin B-12 tsawg, folate, lossis hlau yuav raug kho los ntawm kev noj tshuaj ntxiv thiab nce cov vitamins no hauv koj cov zaub mov noj kom ntau. Los yog, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem kho cov kab mob hauv qab (zoo li tus kab mob celiac) uas yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw.

Cov neeg uas muaj cov mob uas tsis muaj cov ntshav qab zib, xws li mob ntshav rau ntshav lossis mob ntshav dawb, tej zaum yuav tau hloov ntshav lossis txha hlwb pob txha los kho lawv qhov mob. Cov neeg muaj kab mob siab yuav tau mus yauv, hos cov neeg muaj mob hnyav yuav tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob.

Qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi?

Qhov kev cia siab ntev rau tus mob poikilocytosis nyob ntawm qhov laj thawj thiab koj tau kho sai npaum li cas. Kev mob ntshav siab los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj peev xwm kho tau thiab feem ntau tuaj yeem kho tau, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txaus ntshai yog tias tsis kho. Nov yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb yog koj cev xeeb tub. Kev mob ntshav khov thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis taus cev xeeb tub, suav nrog rau qhov tsis zoo thaum yug los (xws li kab mob neural leeg).

Kev mob ntshav siab los ntawm kev mob caj ces xws li ntshav qog ntshav ntshav yuav tsum tau kho mus ib sim, tab sis kev hloov kho tshiab tsis ntev los no tau txhim kho qhov pom pom rau cov neeg muaj qee cov ntshav tsis txaus.