Dysarthria: nws yog dab tsi, hom thiab kev kho mob

Zoo Siab

• Yuav ua li cas paub
• Cov hom ntawm dysarthria
• Yuav kho tus mob li cas

Dysarthria yog kev hais lus tsis meej, feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm lub paj hlwb tsis zoo, xws li mob hlab ntsha tawg, mob tuag tes tuag taw, tus kab mob Parkinson, myasthenia gravis lossis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, piv txwv.

Tus neeg mob dysarthria tsis muaj peev xwm hais tau cov lus zoo thiab hais tau cov lus zoo vim yog qhov hloov ntawm lub system ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hais lus, koom nrog cov leeg ntawm lub qhov ncauj, tus nplaig, lub suab tawm suab lossis lub suab nrov, uas tuaj yeem ua teeb meem rau kev sib txuas lus thiab kev cais tawm.

Txhawm rau kho mob dysarthria, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua kev tawm dag zog lub cev thiab ua raws li tus kws kho mob hais lus, raws li txoj kev qoj ib ce thiab txhim kho cov suab tawm, thiab nws tseem ceeb uas tus kws kho mob txheeb xyuas thiab kho dab tsi ua rau muaj qhov hloov no.

Yuav ua li cas paub

Hauv dysarthria muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus, nrog kev nyuaj ntawm kev tshem tus nplaig lossis cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag, ua rau muaj cov cim thiab cov tsos mob xws li qeeb, hais tsis tau lossis hais tsis tau lus. Lwm zaus, hais lus yuav tau nrawm lossis nrawm, cia li zoo li nws yuav tsawg heev lossis lus ntxhi.

Tsis tas li ntawd, dysarthria tej zaum yuav nrog lwm cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub paj hlwb, xws li dysphagia, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau nqos khoom noj, dyslalia, uas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov lus, lossis txawm tias aphasia, uas yog kev hloov pauv hauv kev hais tawm lossis nkag siab cov lus. Nkag siab dab tsi dyslalia yog thiab yuav kho nws li cas.

Cov hom ntawm dysarthria

Nws muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov dysarthria, thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv kuj txawv raws qhov chaw thiab qhov loj ntawm cov hlab ntaws ntshav lossis cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj teeb meem. Lub ntsiab hom muaj xws li:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dysarthria: nws yog dysarthria uas, feem ntau, tsim lub suab tsis zoo, muaj zog me me, qhov ntswg thiab nrog lub zam tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tus tsiaj ntawv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov kabmob uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev qis ntawm lub cev, xws li myasthenia gravis lossis bulbar tuag tes tuag taw, piv txwv;
• Ntxim Ntxim Heev dysarthria: nws kuj nyhav rau qhov ntswg ua suab, nrog cov tsiaj ntawv tsis raug, ntxiv rau cov suab vauv hloov pauv, ua rau lub suab thiab "ntxhov" lub suab. Nws tuaj yeem nrog kev ua kom zoo thiab txawv txav ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau ntawm kev raug mob rau cov hlab ntsha lub cev sab sauv, xws li thaum raug mob puas hlwb;
• Ataxic tsis muaj zog: qhov mob dysarthria no tuaj yeem ua rau lub suab hnyav, nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hais lus, nrog kev hais lus qeeb thiab kev tshee hnyo hauv daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig. Koj tuaj yeem nco tus hais lus ntawm ib tug neeg qaug cawv. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej uas muaj kev raug mob ntsig txog thaj av ntawm cerebellum;
• Kev Hypokinetic dysarthria: muaj lub suab tsis zoo, ua tsis taus pa thiab tshee tshee, nrog qhov tsis raug ntawm qhov sib koom tes, thiab tseem muaj qhov hloov ntawm qhov ceev ntawm kev hais lus thiab tshee hnyo ntawm daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov kabmob uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub hlwb hu ua basal ganglia, ntau dua ntawm Parkinson tus kabmob;
• Hyperkinetic dysarthria: muaj qhov sib txawv hauv qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntawv vowels, ua rau lub suab hnyav thiab nrog kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov articulation ntawm cov lus. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum raug mob rau lub cev extrapyramidal lub paj hlwb, nquag ua txhaum chorea lossis dystonia, piv txwv.
• Sib xyaw dysarthria: nws nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv hloov ntawm ntau dua ib hom ntawm dysarthria, thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, xws li ntau yam sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lossis raug mob hlwb, piv txwv.

Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau ntawm dysarthria, tus kws kho paj hlwb yuav soj ntsuam cov tsos mob, kev kuaj mob lub cev, thiab kev txiav txim siab kev kuaj mob xws li suav tomography, cov duab hluav taws xob tsis zoo, electroencephalogram, lumbar puncture thiab neuropsychological txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, piv txwv li, uas tshawb pom cov kev hloov tseem ceeb lossis qhov ua rau no hloov nyob rau hauv kev hais lus.

Yuav kho tus mob li cas

Kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm qhov ua rau thiab mob hnyav ntawm lub dysarthria, thiab tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem pom zoo rau kev phais mob txhawm rau kho cov nqaij ntshiv hloov lossis tshem tawm cov qog, lossis qhia txog kev siv tshuaj los pab txo cov tsos mob, xws li Parkinson tus kab mob, piv txwv.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog ua nrog kev kho kom rov zoo, nrog cov kev qhia hais lus los txhim kho lub suab tawm suab, tswj hwm qhov sib zog, qhia tau cov lus zoo dua, ua pa tawm lossis txawm tias lwm txoj kev sib txuas lus. Kev tawm dag zog lub cev yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub puab tsaig sib txuas thiab pab ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg ntawm lub ntsej muag.