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Megaloblastic Anemia Part 1- Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
Daim Duab: Megaloblastic Anemia Part 1- Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Zoo Siab

Megaloblastic Anemia Yog Dab Tsi?

Megaloblastic anemia yog ib hom kev mob ntshav tsis txaus, ntshav tsis txaus uas cov qe ntshav liab tsawg dua li ib txwm. Cov ntshav liab liab xa cov pa oxygen rau hauv lub cev. Thaum koj lub cev tsis muaj cov ntshav liab txaus, koj cov nqaij thiab cov nruab nrog cev tsis tau oxygen txaus.

Muaj ntau ntau yam ua haujlwm ntawm anemia nrog ntau yam thiab cov yam ntxwv. Megaloblastic anemia yog los ntawm cov ntshav liab uas loj dua li ib txwm. Tseem muaj tsis txaus lawv. Nws lub npe hu ua vitamin B-12 lossis folate deficiency anemia, lossis macrocytic anemia, zoo li.

Megaloblastic anemia tshwm sim thaum tsim cov qe ntshav liab tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Vim tias cov qe ntshav ntau dhau, lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv cov leeg pob txha kom nkag mus rau cov ntshav thiab xa cov pa oxygen.

Cov Ua rau Megaloblastic Anemia

Ob qho ua rau megaloblastic anemia zoo tshaj yog cov tsis txaus cov vitamins B-12 lossis folate. Ob qho kev noj haus no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov qe ntshav liab kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Thaum koj tsis tau txais cov tshuaj txaus, nws cuam tshuam rau koj cov qe ntshav liab. Qhov no ua rau cov hlwb tsis faib thiab tsim dua tshiab txoj kev uas lawv yuav tsum tau.


Vitamin B-12 Tsis Txaus

Vitamin B-12 yog ib yam khoom noj muaj nyob hauv qee yam zaub mov xws li nqaij, ntses, qe, thiab mis. Qee tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem nqus cov vitamin B-12 txaus los ntawm lawv cov zaub mov, uas ua rau muaj ntshav liab megaloblastic. Megaloblastic anemia mob los ntawm vitamin B-12 qhov tsis txaus siab raug xa mus rau tus kab mob pernicious anemia.

Vitamin B-12 tsis muaj peev xwm feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis muaj protein nyob hauv plab hu ua "qhov ua kom zoo." Yog tias tsis muaj qhov ua tau tiag tiag, cov vitamin B-12 tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau, tsis hais koj noj ntau npaum li cas. Nws kuj tseem muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov ntshav sib chwv (pernicious anemia) vim tias tsis muaj cov vitamin B-12 txaus rau hauv koj cov zaub mov noj.

Folate Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg

Folate yog lwm yam khoom noj zoo uas tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov ntshav liab kom zoo. Folate muaj nyob hauv tej zaub mov xws li nqaij nyug siab, zaub ntsuab, thiab zaub ntsuab. Folate feem ntau tov nrog cov tshuaj folic acid - txheej txheem, folic acid yog daim foos foos sib txawv, pom hauv cov tshuaj ntxiv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom folic acid nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj muaj zog thiab zaub mov.

Koj cov khoom noj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom koj muaj folate txaus. Folate deficiency kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev haus cawv ntau, vim cawv ua rau lub cev muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov folic acid. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub muaj feem ntau yuav muaj folate deficiency, vim tias qhov ntau ntawm folate xav tau los ntawm kev tsim tus me nyuam hauv plab.


Cov tsos mob ntawm Megaloblastic Anemia zoo li cas?

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm megaloblastic anemia yog nkees. Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau lwm tus. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim suav nrog:

  • txog siav
  • leeg tsis muaj zog
  • txawv txav ntawm daim tawv nqaij
  • glossitis (o tus nplaig)
  • ua kom poob / poob poob
  • zawv plab
  • xeev siab
  • lub plawv dhia ceev
  • tus nplaig du los yog lus mos
  • tingling hauv kev siv tes thiab taw
  • loog hauv extremities

Kev kuaj mob Megaloblastic Anemia

Ib qhov kev kuaj mob tau siv los kuaj mob ntau hom ntshav txhaws yog qhov ua tiav cov ntshav (CBC). Qhov kev kuaj no ntsuas ntsuas feem ntawm koj cov ntshav. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tus lej thiab pom ntawm koj cov ntshav liab. Lawv yuav tshwm sim loj dua thiab kev txhim kho qis yog tias koj muaj kev ntshav megaloblastic. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav khaws koj cov keeb kwm kho mob thiab kuaj lub cev kom ntsuas lwm qhov ua rau koj tus tsos mob.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum kuaj ntshav ntxiv kom paub tias cov vitamins tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau koj muaj ntshav tsis txaus. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tseem yuav pab lawv tshawb xyuas seb nws puas muaj vitamin B-12 lossis folate qhov tsis txaus uas ua rau tus mob.


Ib txoj kev kuaj mob uas koj tus kws kho mob yuav siv los pab txheeb xyuas koj yog qhov kev sim Schilling. Kev ntsuam xyuas Schilling yog ntshav kuaj uas ntsuas koj lub peev xwm nqus cov vitamin B-12. Tom qab koj noj tshuaj pab me me ntawm cov vitamins B-12, koj yuav tau tso zis ntim rau koj tus kws kho mob los soj ntsuam. Koj yuav tom qab noj tib cov tshuaj sib txuam nrog cov "muaj txiaj ntsig zoo" protein uas koj lub cev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov vitamins B-12. Tom qab ntawv koj yuav muab lwm qhov zis coj los piv rau tus thawj tug.

Nws yog lub cim qhia tias koj tsis ua qhov tseem ceeb rau koj tus kheej yog tias qhov zis ntsuas pom tias koj tsuas yog nqus B-12 tom qab noj nws nrog rau kev cuam tshuam nrog qhov xav tau. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau cov vitamin B-12 ib txwm muaj.

Yuav kho tus mob Megaloblastic Anemia li cas?

Yuav ua li cas koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab los kho megaloblastic anemia nyob ntawm dab tsi yog qhov ua rau nws. Koj txoj kev npaj khomob tseem tuaj yeem nyob ntawm koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho nrog rau koj cov lus teb rau kev kho thiab tus mob loj npaum li cas. Kev kho mob los tswj cov ntshav tsawg feem ntau.

Vitamin B-12 Tsis Txaus

Tus megaloblastic kev mob ntshav qab zib tshwm sim los ntawm vitamin B-12 tsis txaus, koj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj vitamin B-12 txhua hli. Qhov ncauj pab rau qhov ncauj kuj tau. Ntxiv cov zaub mov ntau ntxiv nrog cov vitamin B-12 rau koj cov kev noj haus yuav pab tau. Cov zaub mov muaj vitamin B-12 hauv lawv suav nrog:

  • qe
  • qaib
  • Uas muaj fortified (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog bran)
  • cov nqaij liab (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nqaij nyug)
  • mis nyuj
  • ntsuas ntses

Qee cov tib neeg muaj kev hloov caj ces ntawm MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) cov noob caj noob ces. Lub cev MTHFR no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qee cov vitamins B, nrog rau B-12 thiab folate, rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv siv tau nyob hauv lub cev. Cov tib neeg nrog kev hloov pauv MTHFR raug nquahu kom siv tshuaj methylcobalamin ntxiv. Kev noj cov zaubmov B-12 uas muaj zaubmov ntau nplua mias, vitamins, lossis fortification tsis zoo yuav tiv thaiv kev tsis muaj peev xwm lossis kev noj qab haus huv rau cov neeg uas muaj kev hloov caj ces no.

Folate Qhov Tsis Txaus Ntseeg

Megaloblastic anemia vim los ntawm kev tsis muaj folate yuav kho tau los ntawm kev noj tshuaj hauv qhov ncauj lossis tso quav folic acid. Kev noj zaub mov hauv lub cev tseem yuav ua kom cov qib folate. Cov khoom noj muaj rau hauv koj cov khoom noj muaj xws li:

  • txiv kab ntxwv
  • cov zaub ntsuab ntsuab
  • txiv laum huab xeeb
  • lentils
  • enriched nplej

Raws li nrog cov vitamin B-12, cov tib neeg uas muaj MTHFR hloov tau raug yaum kom siv tshuaj methylfolate kom tiv thaiv ib qho folate deficiency thiab nws cov kev pheej hmoo.

Nyob Nrog Megaloblastic Anemia

Sij hawm dhau los, megaloblastic anemia yog qhov nyuaj los kho. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg uas muaj megaloblastic kev mob ntshav qis vim los ntawm cov vitamin B-12 lossis folate deficiency tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv cov tsos mob thiab zoo nyob nrog kev kho mob tsis tu ncua thiab cov tshuaj pabcuam tsis tau zoo.

Vitamin B-12 tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau lwm yam teeb meem. Cov no tuaj yeem suav cov hlab ntsha puas, mob hlwb, thiab teeb meem plab hnyuv. Cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem hloov rov qab yog tias koj tau kuaj thiab kho thaum ntxov. Kev tshuaj ntsuam txog caj ces yog muaj los txiav txim siab yog tias koj muaj MTHFR kev hloov caj ces. Cov tib neeg uas muaj kab mob tuag (pernicious anemia) tseem yuav muaj feem ntau ua rau cov pob txha tsis muaj zog thiab mob plab. Rau cov laj thawj no, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tau txais megaloblastic anemia thaum ntxov. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj pom muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj ntshav qab zib kom koj thiab koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tawm phiaj xwm kho thiab pab tiv thaiv txhua yam kev puas tsuaj mus ib txhis.

Ntau hom mob ntshav tsis txaus

Q:

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm macrocytic anemia thiab microcytic anemia?

Cov neeg tsis qhia npe

A:

Kev ntsuas ntshav yog ib lo lus rau cov ntshav tsawg los yog ntshav liab. Kev ntsuas ntshav liab tau muab faib ua ntau hom raws qhov ntim cov ntshav liab. Macrocytic anemia txhais tau hais tias cov qe ntshav liab yog loj dua li ib txwm. Hauv microcytic anemia, cov qe me dua li ib txwm. Peb siv cov kev faib tawm no vim nws pab peb txiav txim siab qhov ua rau ntawm tus mob ntshav khov.

Cov teeb meem tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov mob ntshav khov macrocytic yog vitamin B-12 thiab folate deficiency. Pernicious anemia yog ib hom kab mob macrocytic anemia vim lub cev tsis tuaj yeem nqus tau cov vitamins B-12. Cov neeg laus, vegans, thiab haus dej cawv yog cov muaj feem yuav mob loj dua macrocytic anemia.

Feem ntau ua rau microcytic anemia yog anemia tsis muaj ntshav, feem ntau vim kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo lossis poob ntshav, xws li poob ntshav thaum lub cev ntas los yog muaj plab zom mov. Cev xeeb tub, poj niam coj khaub ncaws, menyuam mos, thiab cov uas tsis muaj cov khoom noj tsis muaj hlau txaus yuav muaj feem yuav muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib tsawg. Lwm qhov ua rau muaj cov mob ntshav thuv me ntsis suav nrog kev tsis txaus hauv hemoglobin ntau lawm xws li muaj mob rau cov ntshav, mob thlassemia, thiab ntshav qab zib sideroblastic.

Katie Mena, M.D.Awwers yog cov sawv cev ntawm peb cov kws paub khomob. Txhua cov ntsiab lus yog cov ntaub ntawv nruj me ntsis thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav txim siab cov lus ntuas kho mob.

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