Mob hlwb - cov menyuam yaus

Lub qog hlwb yog cov pab pawg (pawg) ntawm lub hlwb txawv txav uas loj hlob hauv lub hlwb.

Kab lus no tsom mus rau cov qog ntshav hlwb thawj zaug hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Cov ua rau qog ntshav qog ua feem ntau tsis paub. Qee qhov qog cov hlav ua haujlwm tau cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov kab mob los yog muaj lub siab xav khiav hauv tsev neeg:

• Tsis mob qog
• Qhov tsis zoo (kis mus rau thaj chaw ze)
• Cancer (malignant)

Cov hlav hlav hlwb tau faib raws li:

• Lub vev xaib ntawm cov qog
• Hom ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg koom
• Seb nws yog mob qog noj ntshav

Cov hlav hlav hlwb tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha cov hlwb ntawm lub hlwb. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tau cov keeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev thawb rau lwm qhov ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov no ua rau o thiab nce siab sab hauv pob txha taub hau.

Lub qog tau tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog. Ntau cov qog hlav ua ntau dua nyob rau qee lub hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, hlav hlwb hauv cov menyuam yaus yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg pom.

HOM NEEG HOM LUB CAIJ NTUJ NO

Astrocytomas feem ntau tsis yog voos, qog qeeb qeeb. Lawv feem ntau muaj rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 5 txog 8 xyoo. Kuj tseem hu ua gliomas qib qis, cov no yog cov hlav hlwb feem ntau rau menyuam yaus.

Medulloblastomas yog hom feem ntau ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub hlwb. Feem ntau ntawm medulloblastomas tshwm sim ua ntej hnub nyoog 10.

Ependymomas yog hom mob rau cov menyuam yaus lub hlwb uas tuaj yeem yog benign (noncancerous) lossis malignant (mob qog nqaij hlav).Qhov chaw thiab hom ependymoma txiav txim siab hom kev kho mob uas xav tau los tswj qog.

Lub hlwb paj hlwb gliomas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj qog uas tshwm sim yuav luag tsuas yog hauv cov menyuam yaus. Qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob yog li 6. Lub qog yuav loj hlob ua ntej ua rau cov tsos mob.

Cov tsos mob tej zaum yuav hloov maj mam thiab tsuas yog maj zuj zus zuj zus, lossis lawv yuav tshwm sim sai.

Mob taub hau feem ntau yog cov tsos mob feem ntau. Tab sis tsuas yog tsawg kawg nkaus uas cov menyuam muaj mob taub hau muaj qog ntshav. Cov qauv mob taub hau uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog cov qog hlwb nrog:

• Mob taub hau uas mob heev dua thaum sawv thaum sawv ntxov thiab ploj mus li ob peb teev
• Cov mob taub hau uas mob heev dua los ntawm hnoos lossis tawm dag zog, lossis muaj qhov hloov ntawm lub cev
• Mob taub hau uas tshwm sim thaum tsaug zog thiab nrog tsawg kawg ib qho kev tshwm sim xws li ntuav lossis tsis meej pem

Qee zaum, tsuas yog cov tsos mob ntawm lub qog hlwb yog hloov hlwb, uas yuav suav nrog:

• Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kheej thiab tus cwj pwm
• Tsis tuaj yeem mloog zoo
• Txhawb kev pw tsaug zog
• Kev nco ploj
• Teeb meem nrog kev xav

Lwm qhov tsos mob tshwm sim yog:

• Tsis yoog txog nquag ntuav
• Maj mam plam ntawm qhov txav lossis hnov ​​zoo li sab caj npab lossis ceg
• Hnov tsis hnov ​​nrog los sis tsis kiv taub hau
• Hais lus nyuaj
• Qhov tsis pom kev tsis pom kev zoo (tshwj xeeb yog tias nws tshwm sim nrog mob taub hau), nrog rau qhov tsis pom kev (feem ntau yog qhov muag pom kev) hauv ib lossis ob lub qhov muag, lossis ob lub zeem muag
• Teeb meem kev tshuav nyiaj
• Tsis muaj zog lossis loog

Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas lub cev. Cov menyuam mos yuav muaj cov cim hauv qab no:

• Bulging fontanelle
• Tshab ob lub qhov muag
• Tsis muaj qhov xim liab nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag
• Muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo Babinski tsis kam
• Cais sutures

Cov menyuam loj dua uas muaj hlwb hlav yuav muaj cov cim hauv qab no lossis cov tsos mob:

• Mob taub hau
• Ntuav
• Lub zeem muag hloov
• Hloov pauv qhov tus me nyuam mus kev (gait)
• Tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev tshwj xeeb
• Lub taub hau qaij

Cov ntawv sim hauv qab no yuav raug siv los kuaj xyuas lub qog hlwb thiab txheeb xyuas nws qhov chaw nyob:

• CT scan ntawm lub taub hau
• MRI ntawm lub paj hlwb
• Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov hlwb txha caj qaum (CSF)

Kev kho yog nyob ntawm qhov loj me thiab hom qog thiab tus menyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv feem ntau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yuav kho tus mob qog, daws cov tsos mob, thiab txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm los yog tus me nyuam xis nyob.

Yuav tsum muaj kev phais mob rau feem ntau cov qog ntshav hlwb. Cov qog yuav tshem tawm tag nrho. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem tshem lub qog, kev phais yuav pab txo kev ntxhov siab thiab txo cov tsos mob. Siv tshuaj tua hluav taws xob los xoo hluav taws xob siv rau qee cov qog.

Hauv qab no yog kev kho rau qee hom qog:

• Astrocytoma: Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm cov qog yog qhov kev kho mob tseem ceeb. Siv tshuaj tua hluav taws xob los xoo hluav taws xob kuj tseem tsim nyog.
• Brainstem gliomas: Kev phais mob yuav tsis tuaj yeem vim tias cov qog qhov chaw nyob tob hauv lub hlwb. Kev siv hluav taws xob yog siv los ua kom cov qog thiab ua kom ntev lub neej. Qee lub sij hawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem siv.
• Ependymomas: Kev kho mob suav nrog kev phais mob. Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj tua hluav taws yuav tsim nyog.
• Medulloblastomas: Kev phais mob ib leeg tsis kho tus mob qog no. Kev siv tshuaj kho mob nrog lossis tsis tawg yog feem ntau siv ua ke nrog kev phais.

Cov tshuaj uas siv los kho cov menyuam mob hlwb qog ua ntej:

• Corticosteroids kom txo tau lub hlwb o
• Diuretics (dej tshuaj) txo cov hlwb thiab ntshav siab
• Anticonvulsants txo qis lossis tiv thaiv qaug dab peg
• Tshuaj kho mob
• Kev siv tshuaj kho mob yuav pab ua kom cov qog thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob qog

Kev ntsuas kev nyob nyab xeeb, ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, kev kho lub cev, kev kho kom rov ua haujlwm, thiab lwm cov kauj ruam zoo li no txhawm rau txhim kho lub neej zoo.

Koj tuaj yeem daws kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev muaj mob los ntawm kev koom nrog pawg pab txhawb mob qog noj ntshav. Kev qhia rau lwm tus uas muaj kev paub ntau yam thiab teeb meem tuaj yeem pab koj thiab koj tus me nyuam kom nyob ib leeg.

Yuav zoo npaum li cas tus me nyuam ua raws ntau yam, nrog rau hom mob qog. Feem ntau, kwv yees li 3 ntawm 4 tus menyuam muaj sia nyob tsawg kawg yog 5 xyoos tom qab tau tshuaj ntsuam.

Cov teeb meem ntev hauv lub hlwb thiab cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem yog los ntawm cov qog nws tus kheej lossis los ntawm kev kho mob. Cov menyuam yaus yuav ntsib teeb meem kev saib xyuas, tsom lossis cim xeeb. Lawv yuav muaj teeb meem ua cov ntaub ntawv, npaj tswv yim, kev pom, lossis cov pib los yog xav ua dab tsi.

Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hnub nyoog qis dua 3, zoo li muaj kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov teeb meem no.

Niam txiv yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias menyuam tau txais kev pab txhawb nqa nyob hauv tsev thiab tom tsev kawm ntawv.

Hu rau tus kws khomob yog tus menyuam muaj mob taub hau uas tsis ploj lossis mob lwm yam mob hlwb.

Mus rau chav kho mob ceev yog tias menyuam yaus muaj qee yam hauv qab no:

• Lub cev tsis muaj zog
• Hloov pauv tus cwj pwm
• Mob taub hau heev uas tsis paub meej
• Qhov chua leeg ntawm cov tsis paub
• Lub zeem muag hloov
• Kev hais lus hloov

Glioblastoma multiforme - cov menyuam yaus; Ependymoma - menyuam yaus; Glioma - menyuam yaus; Astrocytoma - menyuam yaus; Medulloblastoma - menyuam yaus; Neuroglioma - menyuam yaus; Oligodendroglioma - menyuam yaus; Meningioma - menyuam yaus; Mob Cancer - hlav qog ntshav (menyuam yaus)

• Hlwb hluav taws xob - tawm paug
• Kev phais mob hlwb - tso tawm
• Kev siv tshuaj kho mob - dab tsi yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob
• Kev siv hluav taws xob kho - cov lus nug kom nug koj tus kws kho mob

• Lub Hlwb
• Thawj lub hlwb qog

Kieran MW, Chi SN, Manley PE, li al. Cov qog ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab pob txha caj qaum. Hauv: Orkin SH, Fisher DE, Ginsburg D, Saib AT, Lux SE, Nathan DG, eds. Nathan thiab Oski's Hematology thiab Oncology ntawm Menyuam Mos thiab Menyuam MosCov. 8 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Xyoo 2015: chap 57.

Lub koom haum Cancer National website. Cov me nyuam lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum mob qog kho cov ntsiab lus (PDQ): cov txuj ci kho mob. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-brain-nyuj-pdq. Hloov kho thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, 2017. Nkag mus Lub Yim Hli 26, 2019.

Zaky W, Ater JL, Khatua S. Lub qog hlav hlwb thaum yau. Hauv: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Phau Ntawv ntawm PediatricsCov. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 524.