Mob ntshav siab

Zoo Siab

• Qhov muaj feem yuav ua mob leukemia
• Hom mob qog ntshav
• Mob myelogenous mob ntshav dawb (AML)
• Mob lymphocytic rau cov ntshav (Txhua)
• Mob ntsws mob myelogenous ntev (CML)
• Mob ntsws roj ntshav ntev (CLL)
• Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob leukemia zoo li cas?
• Kev kuaj mob leukemia
• Kev Xeem
• Qib
• Soj ntsuam kev mob
• Kho cov ntshav tawm ntshav
• Lub hom phiaj ncua ntev

Yuav ua li cas yog leukemia?

Leukemia yog mob cancer ntawm cov qe ntshav. Muaj ntau ntau hom kabmob ntshav dawb, suav nrog cov ntshav liab (RBCs), cov qe ntshav dawb (WBCs), thiab cov qe ntshav. Feem ntau, kab mob ntshav siab hais txog qog nqaij hlav hauv WBCs.

WBCs yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Lawv tiv thaiv koj lub cev los ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, thiab hu ua fungi, nrog rau los ntawm cov kab mob txawv txav thiab lwm yam khoom txawv teb chaws. Hauv kev mob qog ntshav, WBCs yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo li WBCs ib txwm muaj. Lawv tseem tuaj yeem faib tau sai thiab thaum kawg khaws cov hlwb tsis zoo.

WBCs feem ntau tsim tawm hauv cov pob txha pob txha, tab sis qee yam ntawm WBCs kuj tseem ua rau hauv cov qog ntshav, txha caj qaum, thiab thymus caj pas. Thaum tsim los lawm, WBCs nthuav dav thoob plaws koj lub cev hauv koj cov ntshav thiab cov qog ntshav (kua uas los ntawm cov leeg ntshav), ua kom zoo rau cov qog ntshav thiab lub qe ntshav.

Qhov muaj feem yuav ua mob leukemia

Cov teeb meem ua mob leukemia tsis paub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau lub ntsiab lus raug txheeb xyuas uas yuav ua rau koj txoj kev pheej hmoo. Cov no suav nrog:

• tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj mob leukemia
• haus luam yeeb, uas ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim muaj tus mob (myeloid leukemia) (AML)
• kev mob caj ces xws li Down mob
• cov ntshav tsis haum, xws li mob myelodysplastic syndrome, uas qee zaum hu ua "preleukemia"
• yav dhau los kev kho mob qog noj ntshav nrog kev siv tshuaj lossis hluav taws xob
• raug rau cov hluav taws xob ntau ntau
• muaj tshuaj lom xws li benzene

Hom mob qog ntshav

Qhov pib ntawm leukemia tuaj yeem mob siab (pib sai) lossis mob ntev (qeeb qeeb pib). Thaum mob leukemia, tus mob hlwb hlav tawm sai. Hauv cov ntshav ntswg ntev li ntawm, tus kab mob maj mam hloov zuj zus thiab cov tsos mob thaum ntxov yuav mob sib khuav xwb.

Mob ntshav qog ntshav tseem tau faib raws li hom cell. Leukemia koom nrog myeloid cov hlwb yog hu ua myelogenous leukemia. Myeloid cov hlwb yog cov qe ntshav tsis txawj tu ncua uas nquag ua granulocytes lossis monocytes. Ntshav mob txuam nrog lymphocytes yog hu ua lymphocytic leukemia. Muaj plaub hom leukemia loj:

Mob myelogenous mob ntshav dawb (AML)

Mob myelogenous mob ntshav dawb (AML) tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Raws li Kev Tshawb Xyuas Ntxiv, Kab Mob Tshaj Plaws, thiab Qhov Xaus Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Cancer Institute (NCI), kwv yees li 21,000 tus neeg mob tshiab ntawm AML raug kuaj mob txhua xyoo hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nov yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev mob roj ntsha. Tus nqi tsib xyoo nyob rau AML yog 26.9 feem pua.

Mob lymphocytic rau cov ntshav (Txhua)

Mob ntsws lymphocytic rau cov mob (TXHUA) tshwm sim feem ntau rau cov menyuam yaus. Lub NCI muaj kwv yees li ntawm 6,000 tus mob tshiab TXHUA raug kuaj mob ib xyoos ib zaug. Tus nqi tsib xyoo nyob rau TXHUA yog 68.2 feem pua.

Mob ntsws mob myelogenous ntev (CML)

Tus mob hu ua myelogenous mob ntshav dawb (CML) mob feem ntau rau cov neeg laus. Kwv yees li ntawm 9,000 tus mob tshiab CML raug kuaj mob txhua xyoo, raws li NCI Tus nqi tsib nyob nrog tsib xyoo rau CML yog 66.9 feem pua.

Mob ntsws roj ntshav ntev (CLL)

Mob ntsws lymphocytic mob ntsws (CLL) feem ntau yuav cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 55 xyoos. Nws tsis tshua pom muaj rau cov menyuam yaus. Raws li NCI, kwv yees li 20,000 tus neeg tshiab ntawm CLL raug kuaj mob txhua xyoo. Tus nqi tsib nyob nrog tsib xyoo rau CLL yog 83.2 feem pua.

Ntshav plaub mos mos hauv qhov ntsej muag yog qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov tawv ntawm CLL. Nws lub npe los ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer uas zoo hauv qab lub tshuab tsom.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob leukemia zoo li cas?

Cov tsos mob ntawm kab mob ntsws mob suav nrog:

• tawm hws ntau dhau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsaus ntuj (hu ua "tawm hws hmo ntuj")
• qaug zog thiab qaug zog uas tsis ploj mus nrog kev so
• tsis poob ceeb thawj phaus
• mob pob txha thiab mob
• tsis mob, cov qog ntshav (tshwj xeeb hauv caj dab thiab lub qhov tso)
• kev loj hlob ntawm daim siab lossis hnoos qeev
• cov pob liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, hu ua petechiae
• los ntshav yooj yim thiab doog ntshav yooj yim
• ua npaws lossis ua daus no
• nquag muaj tus kab mob

Ntshav mob tuaj yeem tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hauv cov kabmob uas tau nkag los lossis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Piv txwv, yog tias mob cancer kis mus rau lub hauv nruab nrab cov hlab ntsha, nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntuav, tsis meej pem, poob ntawm cov leeg tswj, thiab qaug dab peg.

Ntshav mob tuaj yeem tseem kis rau lwm qhov hauv koj lub cev, suav nrog:

• lub ntsws
• lub plab zom mov
• plawv
• ob lub raum
• noob qes

Kev kuaj mob leukemia

Ntshav qab zib yuav tau xoom xaim yog tias koj muaj qee yam phom sij los yog ntsig txog cov tsos mob. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav pib sau keeb kwm thiab kuaj lub cev tag, tab sis kab mob qog ntshav tsis tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm kev kuaj mob lub cev. Hloov chaw, cov kws kho mob yuav siv cov kev kuaj ntshav, kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj duab los ua kev kuaj mob.

Kev Xeem

Muaj ntau ntau qhov kev kuaj mob sib txawv uas tuaj yeem siv los txhawm rau kuaj mob leukemia. Ua tiav cov ntshav suav txiav txim siab cov lej ntawm RBCs, WBCs, thiab cov platelets hauv cov ntshav. Saib ntawm koj cov ntshav hauv lub tshuab tsom kab mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias cov qog muaj qhov txawv txav.

Cov ntaub so ntswg muab coj mus kuaj cov pob txha caj qaum los yog cov qog ntshav mus nrhiav cov pov thawj uas muaj kab mob ntshav siab. Cov kev ntsuas me me no tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hom roj ntsha thiab ntshav nce ceev npaum li cas. Qhov kuaj lwm yam hauv lub cev xws li daim siab thiab tus po yuav tuaj yeem qhia yog tias mob cancer kis mus.

Qib

Thaum pom hais tias muaj ntshav muaj ntshav pom, nws yuav tsis muaj mob. Cov ntawv qoj ib ce pab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab txog koj qhov kev xam pom.

AML thiab TXHUA yog tso tseg raws li cov qog nqaij hlav cancer saib qis hauv lub tshuab tsom thiab cov cell sib koom nrog. TXHUA thiab CLL yog staged raws li WBC suav thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob. Qhov muaj cov qe ntshav dawb tsis paub qab hau, lossis myeloblasts, hauv cov ntshav thiab pob txha pob txha tseem siv tau rau theem AML thiab CML.

Soj ntsuam kev mob

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas tus mob ntawm tus kab mob:

• Flow cytometry tshuaj xyuas cov DNA ntawm qog nqaij hlav cancer thiab txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev loj hlob.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas lub siab saib puas muaj cov qe ntshav muaj mob rau lossis cuam tshuam rau daim siab.
• Lumbar puncture yog ua los ntawm kev ntxig ib rab koob me me nruab nrab ntawm txoj hlab pas ntawm koj sab nraub qaum. Qhov no tso cai rau koj tus kws kho mob kom khaws cov pob txha caj qaum thiab txiav txim siab seb tus mob qog tau kis mus rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb.
• Kev ntsuam xyuas cov duab thaij duab, xws li xoo hluav taws xob, duab hluav taws xob, thiab kuaj scans, pab kws kho mob saib seb puas muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev uas tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob ntshav.

Kho cov ntshav tawm ntshav

Ntshav siab feem ntau yog kho los ntawm hematologist-oncologist. Cov no yog cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntshav tsis txaus thiab mob cancer. Cov kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm hom thiab theem ntawm mob cancer. Qee yam mob leukemia loj hlob qeeb thiab tsis xav tau kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob rau cov ntshav ntuag feem ntau koom nrog ib lossis ntau yam hauv qab no:

• Kev siv tshuaj kho mob siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob hlwb txhaws. Ua raws li hom mob qog ntshav, koj tuaj yeem noj ib qho tshuaj los yog ua ke nrog cov tshuaj sib txawv.
• Kev siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov roj ntsha hlwb thiab ua rau lawv loj hlob tuaj. Kev xoo hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv rau thaj chaw lossis rau tag nrho koj lub cev.
• Lub cev qog pauv hloov qog hloov pob txha mob uas muaj mob hlwb pob txha, zoo rau koj tus kheej (hu ua hloov chaw mos) los yog los ntawm cov neeg pub (hu ua hloov allologous) Tus txheej txheem no tseem hu ua hloov hlwb pob txha.
• Kev siv roj ntsha lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siv kev kho mob uas pab koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom paub thiab tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
• Kev kho hom phiaj siv cov tshuaj uas tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov muaj kev phom sij hauv cov qog ntshav. Piv txwv, imatinib (Gleevec) yog ib hom tshuaj uas feem ntau siv rau CML.

Lub hom phiaj ncua ntev

Qhov ntev txoj kev xav rau cov neeg muaj mob leukemia yog nyob ntawm hom mob cancer uas lawv muaj thiab lawv cov theem ntawm kev kuaj mob. Yog kuaj pom tus mob ntshav sai sai thiab kho tau sai sai, yog muaj feem ntau ntawm kev rov qab los. Qee yam, xws li cov hnub nyoog laus dua, cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov ntshav tsis sib xws, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv chromosome, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim.

Raws li NCI, cov leukemia tuag tau poob qis dua thaj tsam 1 feem pua ​​nyob rau xyoo 2005 txog rau xyoo 2014. Txij xyoo 2007 txog 2013, tsib xyoo muaj sia nyob (lossis feem pua ​​muaj sia nyob li tsib xyoos tom qab tau txais kev kuaj mob) yog 60.6 feem pua Cov.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias daim duab no suav nrog cov neeg ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab nrog txhua cov roj ntsha mob ntshav. Nws tsis paub tias yuav tshwm sim rau ib tug neeg. Ua haujlwm nrog koj pawg neeg kho mob los kho mob ntshav qab zib. Nco ntsoov tias txhua tus neeg qhov xwm txheej sib txawv.