Myelodysplastic syndrome

Myelodysplastic syndrome yog ib pawg kev ntshawv siab thaum cov qe tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlwb pob txha tsis loj mus rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Qhov no ua rau koj muaj tsawg cov hlwb noj qab nyob zoo hauv koj lub cev. Cov qe ntshav uas tau hlob tiav lawm yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) yog ib hom mob cancer. Hauv kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov neeg, MDS yuav pib mob mus rau kev mob ceev myeloid.

Qia hlwb hauv hlwb pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav sib txawv. Nrog MDS, DNA nyob hauv cov qia hlwb yuav puas. Vim tias cov DNA ua puas, lub hlwb qia tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov qe ntshav kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv.

Qhov tseeb ntawm MDS tsis paub. Rau feem ntau, tsis muaj tus paub.

Qhov txaus ntshai rau MDS suav nrog:

• Qee caj ces mob
• Tshaj tawm rau ib puag ncig lossis tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj chiv, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj lom, lossis hlau hnyav
• Haus Yeeb

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav ua ntej nce qhov kev pheej hmoo rau MDS. Qhov no hu ua MDS theem nrab lossis hais txog kev kho mob.

• Qee yam tshuaj khomob siv kho mob kom zoo ntxiv kom muaj txoj hauv kev tsim MDS. Nov yog qhov kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws.
• Kev siv hluav taws xob, thaum siv tshuaj khomob, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau MDS ntau dua.
• Cov neeg uas muaj cov hloov ntshav ntawm tes yuav tsim MDS vim lawv kuj tau txais cov kws tshuaj tso siab ntau heev.

MDS feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 60 xyoo thiab laus dua. Cov txiv neej muaj ntau dua nyob hauv tus txiv neej.

Lub sijhawm thaum ntxov MDS feem ntau tsis muaj mob dabtsi. MDS feem ntau pom thaum kuaj ntshav.

Cov neeg muaj ntshav tsawg thiaj suav tias yog cov tsos mob. Cov tsos mob nyob ntawm hom mob ntshav muaj ntshav, thiab lawv suav nrog:

• Tsis muaj zog lossis nkees vim yog ntshav khiav ceev
• Ua tsis taus pa
• Kev yooj yim bruising thiab los ntshav
• Cov xim liab me me los yog xim paj yeeb ua kab ntsig hauv qab daim tawv nqaij los ntawm los ntshav
• Nquag muaj mob sib xws thiab ua npaws

Cov neeg muaj MDS muaj tsis txaus cov qe ntshav. MDS tuaj yeem txo tus naj npawb ntawm ib lossis ntau dua ntawm cov no:

• Ntshav liab
• Cov qe ntshav dawb
• Platelets

Cov duab ntawm cov hlwb no kuj tseem tuaj yeem hloov pauv. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ua ib qho kev suav ua kom tiav cov ntshav thiab muab ntshav los nrhiav saib seb cov ntshav twg muaj feem cuam tshuam.

Lwm txoj kev kuaj uas yuav ua tau yog:

• Nqaij pob txha txhaws thiab nqus xyoob.
• Cytochemistry, ntws cytometry, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab cais hom tshwj xeeb ntawm MDS.
• Cytogenetics thiab fluorescent hauv situ hybridization (FISH) yog siv rau kev tshuaj ntsuam keeb kwm. Cytogenetic kuaj tau tuaj yeem nrhiav kev hloov chaw thiab lwm yam kev txawv txav hauv caj ces. FISH siv los txheeb cov kev pauv tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv chromosomes. Kev hloov pauv raws caj ces tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab teb rau kev kho mob.

Qee qhov kev ntsuas no yuav pab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab txog hom MDS uas koj muaj. Qhov no yuav pab koj tus kws khomob npaj khomob rau koj.

Koj tus kws khomob yuav txhais tau koj cov MDS ua kev pheej hmoo, nruab nrab-txaus ntshai, lossis pheej hmoo pheej hmoo nyob rau ntawm:

• Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg muaj tsawg ntawm cov qe ntshav hauv koj lub cev
• Cov hom kev hloov pauv hauv koj cov DNA
• Cov naj npawb ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb nyob hauv koj cov hlwb pob txha

Vim tias muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm MDS tsim kho rau hauv AML, yuav tsum muaj kev soj qab nrog koj tus kws kho mob tsis tu ncua.

Koj txoj kev kho yuav nyob ntawm ntau yam:

• Txawm koj yuav tsis tshua muaj mob lossis muaj kev pheej hmoo siab
• Hom MDS uas koj muaj
• Koj lub hnub nyoog, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam mob uas koj yuav muaj, xws li mob ntshav qab zib lossis mob plawv

Lub hom phiaj ntawm MDS kho yog los tiv thaiv teeb meem vim tsis txaus los ntawm cov qe ntshav, kab mob thiab los ntshav. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj:

• Kev txhaj ntshav
• Cov tshuaj uas txhawb nqa tsim cov qe ntshav
• Cov tshuaj noj uas tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev
• Kev siv tshuaj kho tsawg tsawg los txhim kho ntshav cov ntshav suav
• Qia cell hloov

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sim ua ib lossis ntau qhov kev kho mob txhawm rau saib seb koj cov MDS teb rau.

Qhov tshwm sim yuav nce raws koj hom MDS thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob. Koj li kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj cov kev pheej hmoo uas yuav rov zoo. Coob tus neeg muaj MDS ruaj khov uas tsis nce mus rau mob qog noj ntshav rau xyoo, yog tias muaj.

Qee cov neeg uas muaj MDS tej zaum yuav muaj tus mob myeloid leukemia (AML).

Cov teeb meem MDS suav nrog:

• Ntshav
• Cov kab mob xws li mob ntsws, mob plab, mob txeeb zig
• Mob myeloid caj dab

Hu rau koj tus kws khomob yog koj:

• Hnov qaug zog thiab nkees feem ntau
• Ua kom doog ntshav lossis los ntshav tau yooj yim, muaj ntshav tawm ntawm cov pos hniav lossis los ntswg ntau zaus
• Koj pom daim tawv liab lossis ntshav doog ntshav hauv qab daim tawv

Myeloid malignancy; Myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS; Preleukemia; Ua pa taws rau kab mob; Refractory anemia; Refractory cytopenia

• Mob hlwb pob txha tsis muaj kev cia siab

Hasserjian RP, Lub Taub Hau DR. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Hauv: Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Harris NL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, eds. Hematopathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 45.

Lub koom haum Cancer National website. Kev Kho Mob Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDQ) - cov kws kho mob kom zoo ntxiv. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/mds-mpd-nyuj-pdq. Hloov kho Lub Ob Hlis 1, 2019. Nkag mus Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 17, 2019.

Steensma DP, Pob Zeb RM. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Tshuaj. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 172.