Siab siab - cov menyuam yaus

Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib qho rog (tseem hu ua lipid) uas lub cev xav tau haujlwm zoo. Nws muaj ntau yam roj cholesterol. Cov uas tham txog feem ntau yog:

• Cov roj (cholesterol) tag nrho - tag nrho cov cholesterolols ua ke
• Cov high lipoprotein (HDL) cov roj cholesterol siab - hu ua cov roj (cholesterol) zoo
• Cov roj lipoprotein tsawg kawg (LDL) cov roj cholesterol - hu ua cov cholesterol

Cov cholesterol ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob plawv, mob ntshav nce hlwb, thiab lwm yam teeb meem.

Kab lus no hais txog cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov menyuam yaus.

Feem ntau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov roj (cholesterol) siab muaj ib lossis ntau tus niam txiv uas muaj cov roj (cholesterol) siab. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov menyuam yaus yog:

• Tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov cholesterol
• Los thawj lossis rog dhau
• Kev noj haus tsis huv

Qee yam mob yuav ua rau cov roj (cholesterol) txawv txav, suav nrog:

• Mob ntshav qab zib
• Mob raum
• Mob siab
• Kev ua kom tsis muaj qog ua qog

Ntau yam kev cuam tshuam uas dhau los ntawm cov tsev neeg ua rau cov cholesterol thiab qib triglyceride tsis zoo. Lawv suav nrog:

• Familial hypercholesterolemia
• Familial ua ke hyperlipidemia
• Tus mob ntshav siab dysbetalipoproteinemia
• Familial hypertriglyceridemia

Kev kuaj ntshav roj yog ua los ntsuas cov ntshav siab.

Cov lus qhia los ntawm National Heart, Mob Ntsws, thiab ntshav lub koom haum pom zoo kom soj ntsuam txhua tus menyuam yaus hauv cov ntshav siab:

• Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 9 txog 11 xyoos
• Ib zaug ntxiv thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17 txog 21 xyoos

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua pawg kws tshaj lij pom zoo ntsuam xyuas txhua tus menyuam thiab hloov siab rau kev soj ntsuam cov menyuam yaus muaj qhov pheej hmoo siab dua. Qhov tseeb uas ua rau menyuam muaj feem phom sij yog:

• Tus me nyuam niam thiab txiv muaj cov roj ntshav ntawm 240 mg / dL lossis siab dua
• Tus menyuam muaj tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj kab mob plawv ua ntej hnub nyoog 55 xyoos rau cov txiv neej thiab 65 xyoo hauv cov poj niam
• Tus me nyuam muaj feem phom sij, xws li ntshav qab zib lossis ntshav siab
• Tus menyuam muaj qee yam mob, xws li mob raum lossis mob Kawasaki
• Tus me nyuam yog rog (BMI hauv 95th feem pua)
• Tus menyuam haus luam yeeb

Cov hom phiaj dav dav rau cov me nyuam yog:

• LDL - Tsawg dua 110 mg / dL (cov lej qis dua zoo dua).
• HDL - Ntau dua 45 mg / dL (cov lej siab yog qhov zoo dua).
• Cov roj (cholesterol) tag nrho - Tsawg dua 170 mg / dL (cov lej qis dua zoo dua).
• Triglycerides - Tsawg dua 75 rau menyuam yaus txog 9 xyoo thiab tsawg dua 90 rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 10 txog 19 xyoos (cov lej qis dua yog qhov zoo dua).

Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) tsis zoo, cov menyuam yaus yuav muaj lwm qhov kev ntsuas xws li:

• Ntshav qab zib (piam thaj) ntsuas mus nrhiav ntshav qab zib
• Kuaj lub raum kev ua haujlwm
• Kev kuaj ntshav lub qog ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhawm rau nrhiav kev ua qog ua ntshav tsis zoo
• Kev kuaj mob siab ua haujlwm

Koj tus menyuam tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tseem yuav nug txog kev kho mob lossis tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm:

• Mob ntshav qab zib
• Tawg siab
• Kev pham
• Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo
• Tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog
• Kev siv luam yeeb

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov roj (cholesterol) hauv cov menyuam yaus yog kev noj zaub mov zoo thiab tawm dag zog. Yog tias koj tus menyuam rog dhau, ua kom yuag dhau heev lawm yuav pab kho cov rog. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob txwv koj tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus tshwj tsis yog koj tus neeg zov menyuam pom zoo. Hloov chaw, muab cov zaub mov zoo thiab txhawb kev tawm dag zog.

TUAG THIAB LAUS

Pab koj tus menyuam xaiv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no:

• Noj cov zaub uas muaj roj thiab muaj roj tsawg, xws li cov nplej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab zaub
• Siv cov roj toppings, cov kua txob, thiab hnav khaub ncaws
• Zam cov khoom noj uas muaj cov roj nyeem ntau thiab ntxiv qab zib
• Siv cov mis nyuj skim lossis cov mis uas tsis muaj roj thiab mis nyuj
• Zam tej dej qab zib, xws li dej qab zib thiab dej qab zib txiv ntoo
• Noj cov nqaij rog thiab tsis txhob ua cov nqaij liab
• Noj ntau ntses

Txhawb koj tus menyuam kom siv dag zog ib ce. Cov menyuam hnub nyoog 5 xyoos thiab laus dua yuav tsum nquag yam tsawg 1 teev nyob rau ib hnub. Lwm yam koj tuaj yeem ua muaj xws li:

• Ua lub neej zoo li ib tsev neeg. Npaj taug kev thiab caij tsheb kauj vab ua ke ua ke tsis txhob ua si video games.
• Txhawb koj tus menyuam kom koom nrog tsev kawm ntawv lossis pawg ncaws pob hauv zos.
• Txwv lub sijhawm sijhawm screen tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 teev hauv ib hnub.

Lwm cov kauj ruam suav nrog kev qhia menyuam txog kev phom sij ntawm kev haus luam yeeb.

• Ua kom koj lub tsev ib puag ncig tsis muaj pa taws.
• Yog tias koj lossis koj tus khub haus luam yeeb, sim txiav luam yeeb. Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb ib ncig ntawm koj tus menyuam.

DRUG THERAPY

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav kom koj tus menyuam noj tshuaj rau hauv ntshav siab yog tias txoj kev pauv hauv lub neej tsis ua haujlwm. Rau tus menyuam no yuav tsum:

• Muaj tsawg kawg yog 10 xyoo.
• Muaj LDL roj (cholesterol) LDL npaum li 190 mg / dL lossis siab dua tom qab 6 lub hlis tom qab kev noj qab haus huv.
• Muaj LDL roj (cholesterol) nyob rau qib 160 mg / dL lossis siab dua nrog lwm yam phom sij.
• Muaj tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm mob plawv.
• Muaj ib lossis ntau dua yam muaj feem yuav ua kab mob plawv.

Cov menyuam muaj ntshav siab heev yuav tsum tau pib noj cov tshuaj no ntxov dua hnub nyoog 10 xyoo. Koj tus menyuam tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj yog tias yuav tsum tau ua.

Muaj ntau hom tshuaj los pab txo cov ntshav siab hauv cov ntshav. Cov tshuaj ua haujlwm sib txawv. Statins yog ib hom tshuaj uas txo cov roj cholesterol thiab muaj pov thawj txaus los txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob plawv.

Cov roj (cholesterol) siab tuaj yeem ua rau cov leeg ntshav khov, tseem hu ua atherosclerosis. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj rog, cov roj cholesterol, thiab lwm yam khoom tsim ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab cov qauv tawv hu ua plaques.

Ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm, cov plahaum no tuaj yeem thaiv cov hlab ntsha thiab ua rau mob plawv, mob stroke, thiab lwm yam tsos mob lossis teeb meem thoob plaws lub cev.

Cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas dhau los ntawm cov tsev neeg feem ntau ua rau cov qib roj cholesterol siab dua uas nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm.

Cov mob lipid - cov menyuam yaus; Hyperlipoproteinemia - cov menyuam yaus; Hyperlipidemia - cov menyuam yaus; Dyslipidemia - me nyuam; Hypercholesterolemia - menyuam yaus

Cov kwv tij JA, Daniels SR. Cov neeg mob tshwj xeeb: cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Hauv: Ballantyne CM, ed. Saib mob Lipidology: Khub rau Braunwald's Kab Mob Plawv. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; Xyoo 2015: chap 37.

Chen X, Zhou L, Hussain M. Lipids thiab dyslipoproteinemia. Hauv: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Kev Kuaj Mob thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas los ntawm Laboratory Txoj Kev. 23rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 17.

Daniels SR, Couch SC. Cov mob lipid hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas. Hauv: Sperling MA, ed. Cov Kev Phem Rau Cov Neeg Phem. Thib 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 25.

Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Kev ua tsis taus ntawm cov metabolism hauv lipids. Hauv: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Phau Ntawv ntawm Pediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: tshooj 104.

Park MK, Salamat M. Dyslipidemia thiab lwm yam kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlab plawv. Hauv: Park MK, Salamat M, eds. Park Pediatric Cardiology rau Cov Kws Qhia. 7 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 33.

Remaley AT, Hnubpring TD, Warnick GR. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, thiab lwm yam kev phom sij ntawm lub plawv. Hauv: Rifai N, ed. Tietz Phau Ntawv Txheeb Txog Kev Kho Mob Chemistry thiab Molecular Diagnostics. 6 tus ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chap 34.

Asmeskas Cov Kev Pabcuam Tiv Thaiv Ua Haujlwm, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, li al. Kev soj ntsuam txog cov lipid tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas: Asmeskas Cov Kev Pabcuam Tiv Thaiv Cov Lus Taw Qhia Cov Lus Taw Qhia. JAMA. 2016; 316 (6): 625-633. PMID: 27532917 www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27532917/.