Vitamin A: Cov Txiaj Ntsig, Qhov Tsis Txaus, Toxicity thiab Ntau
Zoo Siab
- Vitamin A Yog Dab Tsi?
- Kev Lom Zem Hauv Koj Lub Cev
- Kev Pabcuam Noj Qab Haus Huv
- Neeg muaj zog Antioxidant
- Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob qhov muag thiab tiv thaiv Macular Degeneration
- Yuav Tiv Thaiv Ib txhia Kab Mob Khees Xaws
- Tseem ceeb rau Fertility thiab Fetal Development
- Boosts Koj Lub Nruab Zog
- Tsis Txaus
- Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj
- Kev Qhia Txog Kev Raug Mob thiab Noj Nqaij Cov Lus Qhia
- Rau hauv qab Kab
Vitamin A yog cov khoom noj muaj roj uas ua rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv koj lub cev.
Nws tshwm sim lawm hauv cov zaub mov uas koj noj thiab tseem tuaj yeem noj los ntawm cov khoom noj ntxiv.
Kab lus no tham txog cov vitamins A, nrog rau nws cov txiaj ntsig, cov zaub mov, nrog rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm thiab tshuaj lom.
Vitamin A Yog Dab Tsi?
Txawm hais tias cov vitamins A feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nws yog lub npe tseeb rau ib pawg ntawm cov rog-soluble sib txuas, suav nrog retinol, retinal thiab retinyl esters ().
Muaj ob hom ntawv muaj vitamin A nyob hauv cov zaub mov.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov vitamins A - retinol thiab retinyl esters - tshwm sim tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom lag luam tsiaj, xws li cov khoom noj siv mis, nplooj siab thiab ntses, thaum muaj pov thawj provilamin
Txhawm rau siv lawv, koj lub cev yuav tsum hloov ob hom ntawv ntawm cov vitamins A rau retinal thiab retinoic acid, cov ntaub ntawv nquag ntawm cov vitamins.
Vim tias cov vitamin A yog cov roj soluble, nws khaws cia hauv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg rau kev siv tom qab.
Feem ntau ntawm cov vitamin A nyob rau hauv koj lub cev raug khaws cia hauv koj lub siab hauv daim ntawv ntawm retinyl esters ().
Cov esters no ces tau tawg rau hauv txhua-trans-retinol, uas khi rau retinol khi protein (RBP). Nws tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv koj cov hlab ntshav, ntawm qhov taw tes uas koj lub cev tuaj yeem siv nws ().
Ntsiab lusVitamin A yog lub sij hawm ntau dhau rau ib pawg ntawm cov rog-soluble sib txuas pom hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab cov khoom noj cog.
Kev Lom Zem Hauv Koj Lub Cev
Vitamin A yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj kev noj qab haus huv, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm tes, ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob, yug menyuam thiab lub zeem muag.
Tej zaum yog ib txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm vitamin A yog nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev pom kev thiab lub qhov muag noj qab haus huv.
Retinal, cov ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamin A, sib txuas nrog protein opsin los ua rhodopsin, ib lub molecule tsim nyog rau lub zeem muag xim thiab qhov muag pom kev qis ().
Nws kuj tseem pab tiv thaiv thiab saib xyuas cov plaub muag - txheej sab nraud ntawm koj lub qhov muag - thiab lub ntsej muag - ib daim nyias nyias uas npog ntawm koj lub qhov muag thiab sab hauv ntawm koj daim tawv muag ().
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov vitamin A pab tswj cov nqaij pob txha zoo li koj daim tawv nqaij, hnyuv, lub ntsws, zais zis thiab pob ntseg sab hauv.
Nws txhawb cov haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob thiab faib T-cell, ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas tiv thaiv koj lub cev los ntawm kev sib kis ().
Dab tsi ntxiv, cov vitamin A txhawb cov tawv nqaij noj qab haus huv, txiv neej thiab poj niam yug me nyuam thiab kev loj hlob hauv lub plab ().
Ntsiab lusVitamin A xav tau rau kev noj qab haus huv qhov muag, lub zeem muag, lub cev tsis muaj zog, kev loj hlob ntawm tes, kev rov tsim dua thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam.
Kev Pabcuam Noj Qab Haus Huv
Vitamin A yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv hauv ntau txoj hauv kev.
Neeg muaj zog Antioxidant
Provitamin Cov carotenoids xws li beta-carotene, alpha-carotene thiab beta-cryptoxanthin yog cov muaj tshwm sim ua ntej ntawm cov vitamin A thiab muaj cov khoom ua antioxidant.
Carotenoids tawm tsam dawb radicals - ib qho txawv ntawm lwg me me uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau koj lub cev los ntawm kev tsim cov kev kub ntxhov oxidative ().
Oxidative kev nyuaj siab tau txuas rau ntau yam mob ntsig txog mob ntshav qab zib, mob cancer, mob plawv thiab hlwb poob qis ().
Cov pluas noj zaub mov noj uas muaj cov carotenoids ntau nyob nrog cov kev mob qes qis hauv ntau yam mob, xws li mob plawv, mob ntsws thiab ntshav qab zib (,,).
Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho mob qhov muag thiab tiv thaiv Macular Degeneration
Raws li tau hais los saud, vitamin A yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev pom kev thiab lub qhov muag noj qab haus huv.
Kev noj zaub mov zoo rau cov vitamin A pab tiv thaiv qee yam kab mob qhov muag, xws li muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub hnub nyoog macular degeneration (AMD).
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov ntshav ntau dua ntawm beta-carotene, alpha-carotene thiab beta-cryptoxanthin tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm AMD txog li 25% ().
Qhov kev pheej hmoo txo no txuas nrog carotenoid cov as-ham kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov nqaij macular los ntawm kev txo qis hauv oxidative kev nyuab siab.
Yuav Tiv Thaiv Ib txhia Kab Mob Khees Xaws
Vim lawv cov antioxidant zog, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub uas muaj carotenoid ntau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qee yam mob qog noj ntshav.
Piv txwv, kev tshawb fawb ntau dua 10,000 tus neeg laus txiav txim siab tias cov neeg haus luam yeeb uas muaj ntshav siab tshaj plaws ntawm alpha-carotene thiab beta-cryptoxanthin muaj 46% thiab 61% qis dua kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag los ntawm ntsws mob ntsws, feem, dua li cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb nrog kev noj qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov as-ham ().
Dab tsi ntxiv, kev tshawb fawb-tube qhia pom tias retinoids tuaj yeem thaiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qee cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, xws li zais zis, mis thiab mob qog qe menyuam ().
Tseem ceeb rau Fertility thiab Fetal Development
Vitamin A yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev yug menyuam thiab pojniam vim tias nws ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov phev thiab cov qe.
Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev, kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqaij mos thiab tu, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam ().
Vim li no, cov vitamin A yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm poj niam thiab menyuam hauv plab thiab rau cov neeg uas xav xeeb tub.
Boosts Koj Lub Nruab Zog
Vitamin A cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev tawm tsam cov lus teb uas tiv thaiv koj lub cev ntawm kev mob thiab kis mob.
Vitamin A koom nrog hauv kev tsim qee lub hlwb, suav nrog B- thiab T-cells, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov lus teb tiv thaiv kab mob uas tiv thaiv tus kab mob.
Qhov kev tsis haum ntawm cov khoom noj kom zoo no ua rau nce qib ntawm cov sib sau ua ke uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob thiab ua haujlwm ().
Ntsiab lusVitamin A muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob oxidative hauv kev kuaj xyuas, ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tiv thaiv tawm tsam qee yam kab mob.
Tsis Txaus
Txawm hais tias muaj cov vitamin A tsis txaus nyob hauv cov tebchaws vam meej xws li Asmeskas, nws yog qhov muaj tshwm sim hauv cov tebchaws tsim, vim tias cov neeg no yuav tau txais kev noj zaubmov noj rau cov muaj vitamin A thiab provitamin A carotenoids.
Qhov tsis txaus cov vitamins A tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob txaus ntshai.
Raws li WHO, cov vitamin A tsis txaus yog qhov ua rau tiv thaiv qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv cov menyuam yaus thoob ntiaj teb.
Qhov tsis txaus cov vitamins A kuj tseem yuav ua kom muaj kev phom sij ntau thiab muaj feem yuav tuag los ntawm kev kis mob xws li qhua pias thiab raws plab (,).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov vitamins A ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog txaus thiab tuag nyob rau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tus menyuam hauv lub cev los ntawm kev qeeb thiab kev loj hlob ().
Cov tsos mob tsis tshua pom muaj tsawg ntawm cov vitamin A muaj xws li teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij zoo li hyperkeratosis thiab mob ntxau (,).
Qee pawg xws li cov menyuam mos thaum yug ntxov, cov neeg mob cystic fibrosis thiab cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis rau hauv cov tebchaws tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov vitamin A tsis txaus ().
Ntsiab lusVitamin A tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag, nce kev pheej hmoo kis mob, cev xeeb tub thiab teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj
Muaj ntau ntau kev noj haus ntawm ob qho tib si preformed vitamin A thiab provitamin A carotenoids.
Preformed vitamin A muaj ntau nkag yooj yim thiab siv los ntawm koj lub cev dua li cog los ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm provitamin A carotenoids.
Koj lub cev kev muaj peev xwm hloov carotenoids, xws li beta-carotene, hloov mus rau cov vitamins A yog nyob ntawm ntau yam - nrog rau cov noob caj noob ces, khoom noj, tag nrho kev noj qab haus huv thiab tshuaj noj ().
Vim li no, cov neeg uas ua raws cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm tsob ntoo - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vegans - yuav tsum ceev faj txog kev tau txais cov khoom noj muaj carotenoid txaus.
Cov zaub mov siab tshaj plaws hauv preformed vitamin A yog:
- Qe qe
- Kab mob siab
- Lub siab ua haujlwm
- Kab Npauj
- Cod daim siab cov roj
- Nqaij qaib siab
- Salmon
- Cheddar cheese
- Nplooj siab hnyuv ntxwm
- King mackerel
- Pluas
Cov zaub mov muaj roj ntau hauv provitamin Cov carotenoids xws li beta-carotene muaj xws li (25, 26):
- Qab zib qos
- Ua Tsuag Ntau
- Carrots
- Kus
- Hlais nplej
- Dandelion zaub ntsuab
- Pob Tsuas
- Swiss chard
- Cov kua txob liab
- Collard zaub ntsuab
- Pob Tsuas
- Tab sis taub
Pom zoo vitamin A muaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj cov zaub mov xws li daim siab, ntses liab thiab qe qe, thaum muaj pov thawj A carotenoids muaj nyob hauv cov khoom noj cog, suav nrog qos qos, kale thiab zaub qhwv.
Kev Qhia Txog Kev Raug Mob thiab Noj Nqaij Cov Lus Qhia
Ib yam li kev noj qab haus huv vitamin A tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv, tau txais ntau dhau kuj tuaj yeem ua kev txaus ntshai.
Qhov kev pom zoo txhua hnub tau tso cai (RDA) rau cov vitamin A yog 900 mcg thiab 700 mcg ib hnub rau cov txiv neej thiab poj niam, feem - uas tuaj yeem yooj yim los ntawm kev ua raws tag nrho cov zaub mov noj (27).
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis pub dhau qhov nyiaj siab siab siab tshaj (UL) ntawm 10,000 IU (3,000 mcg) rau cov neeg laus los tiv thaiv kev mob toxic (27).
Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm kom noj cov vitamin A ntau dhau los ntawm cov tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li daim siab, tshuaj lom yog feem ntau txuas nrog kev noj tshuaj ntxiv thiab kho nrog qee yam tshuaj, xws li Isotretinoin (,).
Vim tias cov vitamin A yog cov roj nyeem tau, nws khaws cia hauv koj lub cev thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag cov theem tsis zoo hauv lub sijhawm.
Kev noj tshuaj vitamin A ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim loj heev thiab tseem muaj peev xwm tuag taus yog tias noj ntau dhau.
Kev noj tshuaj vitamin A lom yog tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm luv luv thaum ib zaug, noj ntau dhau ntawm cov vitamin A tau noj, thaum mob toxicity tshwm sim thaum noj ntau dua 10 zaug RDA noj tau ntev tshaj ncua ntev ().
Feem ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj vitamin A lom - feem ntau hu ua hypervitaminosis A - suav nrog:
- Lub zeem muag txawv txav
- Mob pob txha thiab mob pob txha
- Tsis qab los noj mov
- Xeev siab thiab ntuav
- Kev tshav ntuj rhiab heev
- Cov plaub hau poob lawm
- Mob taub hau
- Qhuav ntawm daim tawv nqaij
- Nplooj siab puas tsuaj
- Qhov muag daj
- Ncua kev loj hlob
- Tsis qab los noj mov
- Tsis meej pem
- Cov tawv nqaij khaus
Txawm hais tias muaj tsawg dua li cov vitamin A mob toxicity, mob vitamin A lom yog cuam tshuam nrog cov tsos mob hnyav, nrog rau daim siab puas, muaj zog cranial thiab txawm tuag ().
Dab tsi ntxiv, cov tshuaj vitamin A ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv ntawm niam thiab menyuam thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev yug menyuam tsis zoo ().
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom, tshem qhov tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj vitamin ntau pab txhawb zog.
UL rau cov tshuaj vitamin A siv rau cov khoom noj muaj tsiaj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm vitamin A, nrog rau cov tshuaj vitamin A ntxiv.
Kev noj cov zaub mov carotenoids ntau tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev mob toxicity, txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb txuas beta-carotene pab nrog kev pheej hmoo mob ntsws thiab mob plawv hauv cov neeg haus luam yeeb ().
Txij li ntau dhau ntawm cov vitamin A tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj, sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej noj cov tshuaj vitamin A ntxiv.
Ntsiab lusKev noj tshuaj Vitamin A ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov tsos mob, xws li ua kom lub siab puas tsuaj, tsis pom kev cuam tshuam, pom xeev thiab tuag taus. Kev noj tshuaj vitamin A ntau ntxiv yuav tsum raug zam tshwj tsis yog koj tus kws kho mob hais.
Rau hauv qab Kab
Vitamin A yog ib hom khoom noj muaj roj uas tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, kho qhov muag, rov ua dua tshiab thiab cov menyuam hauv plab.
Ob qho kev ua tsis tau zoo thiab kev ua kom tau nyiaj ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv loj heev, yog li thaum nws tseem ceeb heev kom tau raws li RDA ntawm 700 m900 mcg txhua hnub rau cov neeg laus, tsis txhob siab tshaj cov kev txwv niaj hnub ntawm 3,000 mcg.
Kev noj qab haus huv zoo rau lub cev yog qhov zoo rau koj lub cev nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj tseem ceeb no.