Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus cov caij nyoog txhaj tshuaj

Zoo Siab

• 1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khaub thuas
• 2. Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob ntsws
• 3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua npaws yoov
• 4. Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob meningococcal
• 5. Tshuaj tiv thaiv Herpes zoster
• 6. Kabxeb thiab kabmob qafoob
• 7. Peb npaug koob tshuaj tiv thaiv
• 8. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov neeg laus yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum muaj los tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg laus dua 60 xyoo them sai sai rau cov sijhawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev txhaj tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, uas nws tau pom zoo rau cov neeg dhau 55 thiab nws tshwm sim ib xyoos ib zaug.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov ntawv txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov neeg laus, txiav txim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Brazilian ntawm Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv nrog kev koom tes nrog Brazilian Society of Geriatrics thiab Gerontology, yog 8: tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, mob ntsws, mob ntsws, mob qa foob, mob qa ntshav, mob siab, daj daj, kis tus mob triple, herpes zoster thiab meningococcal meningitis. Qee qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog tsim los ntawm Ministry of Health pub dawb los ntawm SUS, thaum qee tus tsuas tuaj yeem yuav hauv cov tsev kho mob ntiag tug, xws li tawm tsam herpes zoster, meningococcus thiab kab mob siab A, piv txwv.

Cov caij txhaj tshuaj rau cov neeg laus ua raws cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Brazilian ntawm Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv hauv kev koom tes nrog Brazilian Society of Geriatrics thiab Gerontology, thiab suav nrog:

1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khaub thuas

Khaub thuas yog ib tus mob ua pa los ntawm cov mob sib txawv ntawm tus kab mob npaws, thiaj li tiv thaiv tau khaub thuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo li qee kis vim yog lub cev tsis muaj zog thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm lub peev xwm ua pa, uas ib txwm muaj raws li tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog, tus kab mob ua lub luag haujlwm rau tus mob khaub thuas tuaj yeem txhawb qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem, xws li mob ntsws thiab, yog li, mob khaub thuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qhov kev cuam tshuam no.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khaub thuas yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob uas tsis ciaj sia thiab, yog li, tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev kis tus kabmob rau tus neeg tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tsuas yog txhawb kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev, thiab pom zoo rau cov neeg laus dua 55 xyoos.

• Thaum twg thiaj: Ib xyoos ib zaug, zoo dua ua ntej pib lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov kab mob pib kis mus rau ntau lub sijhawm thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm kev kis tus mob khaub thuas, vim tias tib neeg feem ntau nyob ntev dua ntawm qhov chaw kaw thiab nrog huab cua me me uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob khaub thuas. Cov.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog phiv tsis haum rau qe qaib thiab lawv cov peev txheej, lossis lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab ncua rau cov neeg uas muaj kev sib kis me ntsis mus rau mob hnyav los sis hloov ntshav txhaws, yog tias ua intramuscularly.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob khaub thuas tau pub dawb los ntawm SUS, ntawm cov chaw noj qab haus huv, thiab nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua xyoo kom nws qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv, vim tias tus kab mob khaub thuas muaj peev xwm hloov tau thiab yog li, tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los. Yog li, nws tseem ceeb tias cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua xyoo nyob rau lub sijhawm nom tswv lub sijhawm sib tw txhawm rau paub tseeb tias lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob npaws zoo. Saib ntxiv txog tshuaj tiv thaiv khaub thuas

2. Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob ntsws

Koob tshuaj tivthaiv pneumococcal tiv thaiv kev kis mob uas ua los ntawm tus kabmob Kab mob ntsws dej liab, feem ntau yog mob ntsws thiab mob rau daim npluag paj hlwb, ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no tsis kis tawm hauv lub cev thiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob hauv lub cev.

Muaj 2 hom tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus, uas yog 23-valent Polysaccharide (VPP23), uas muaj 23 hom pneumococci, thiab 13-valent Conjugate (VPC13), uas muaj 13 hom.

• Thaum twg thiaj: feem ntau, 3 koob tshuaj yog pib, pib nrog VPC13, ua raws, tom qab rau mus rau kaum ob lub hlis, los ntawm VPP23, thiab lwm koob tshuaj VPP23 tom qab 5 xyoos. Yog tias tus neeg laus tau txhaj koob tshuaj VPP23 thawj zaug, yuav tsum tau siv VPC13 tom qab 1 xyoos thiab teem caij rau koob tshuaj VPP23 tom qab 5 xyoos ntawm thawj koob tshuaj.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas tau muab qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum rau kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los lossis qee yam ntawm nws cov khoom siv. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau muab ncua yog tias kub taub hau lossis hloov ntshav txhaws, yog tias muab intramuscularly.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog ua pub dawb los ntawm SUS rau cov neeg laus uas muaj feem yuav kis tau tus mob yooj yim dua, xws li cov neeg uas nyob hauv cov tsev tu mob hauv zej zog, piv txwv li, thiab lwm tus tuaj yeem raug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob hauv cov tsev kho mob ntiag tug.

3. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua npaws yoov

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tus mob ua npaws yoov tshaj cum, yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai uas kis tau los ntawm yoov tshaj cum thiab tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm SUS lub chaw noj qab haus huv pub dawb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau pom zoo rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj kab mob tsis huv, cov neeg taug kev mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj tus kabmob lossis thaum twg muaj kev tseev kom muaj thoob ntiaj teb, hauv thaj chaw uas pom tias muaj kev pheej hmoo.

• Thaum twg thiaj: Tam sim no, tsoomfwv saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv pom zoo tsuas yog 1 koob tshuaj rau lub neej txij li 9 lub hlis uas muaj hnub nyoog, txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj yog tias lawv nyob lossis taug kev mus rau thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, uas suav nrog thaj chaw nyob sab qaum teb hauv North thiab Midwest ntawm lub tebchaws lossis cov tebchaws uas muaj tus kabmob ua npaws yoov, xws li cov tebchaws African thiab Australia, piv txwv li.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg laus uas muaj keeb kwm kev tsis haum tshuaj tom qab noj cov qe qaib lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov kab mob uas txo qis kev tiv thaiv, xws li mob qog ntshav qab zib, ntshav qab zib, mob AIDS lossis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj kho mob lossis tshuaj tua hluav taws xob, piv txwv, thiab muaj mob febrile mob. Cov.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua npaws yoov tshaj cum yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas thaum muaj kev xav tau ntau tshaj plaws, zam kev siv rau cov laus neeg tsis muaj zog thiab cov neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia nyob thiab muaj qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kev txhaum loj heev, nrog daim duab zoo li kub cev daj, hu ua "virus visceralization".

4. Tshuaj tiv thaiv mob meningococcal

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv tus kab mob Neisseria meningitidis, kuj tseem muaj lub npe hu ua Meningococcus, uas tuaj yeem kis mus rau ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab ua rau mob hnyav, xws li mob rau daim phiaj thiab mob rau daim npluag qhwv, uas yog thaum tus kab mob ua lub luag haujlwm rau mob rau daim npluag qhwv mus rau cov ntshav thiab ua rau kis mob.

Raws li tseem tsis muaj ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau ua nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau cov neeg laus, feem ntau nws tau pom zoo nyob rau qee qhov kev pheej hmoo siab dua, xws li nyob rau kis xwm txheej mob sib kis tau tus kabmob lossis taug kev mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo.

• Thaum twg thiaj: ib koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab rau thaum muaj mob kis.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau ib qho twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ncua kev thaum muaj mob los yog kub cev lossis cov kab mob uas ua rau txhaws mob.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mob meningococcal tsuas yog muaj nyob hauv cov tsev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kheej xwb.

5. Tshuaj tiv thaiv Herpes zoster

Tus mob Herpes zoster yog ib qho mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev rov kis mob ntawm tus kab mob qaib pox uas tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev tau ntau xyoo, thiab ua rau cov tsos mob me me, liab thiab mob heev ua paug ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov kev sib kis no muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg uas lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab vim nws tuaj yeem tsis yooj yim thiab tawm ntawm cov tawv nqaij uas mob mus ntev xyoo, ntau tus neeg laus tau xaiv kev tiv thaiv.

• Thaum twg mam coj: koob tshuaj ib qho tshuaj pom zoo rau txhua tus neeg muaj hnub nyoog 60 xyoo. Hais txog cov neeg uas twb muaj mob duav ntxiv lawm, koj yuav tsum tos tsawg kawg yog rau lub hlis txog 1 xyoos txhawm rau siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj rau cov tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lossis cov uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim tsis muaj kab mob lossis kev siv tshuaj, xws li cov neeg mob AIDS, mob cancer, siv cov corticosteroids lossis kev siv tshuaj kho mob, piv txwv.

Cov kab mob shingles tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tshawb nrhiav paub ntau ntxiv seb nws yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas kho herpes zoster.

6. Kabxeb thiab kabmob qafoob

Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv ob npaug, lossis dT, muaj kev tivthaiv rau kev kis kabmob los ntawm tetanus, uas yog ib tus kabmob sib kis loj uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus, thiab kabmob qafoob, uas yog tus kabmob kis tau yoojyim.

• Thaum twg thiaj: txhua txhua 10 xyoo, raws li txhawb ntxiv rau cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj kom raug lawm hauv menyuam yaus. Rau cov neeg laus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj lossis tsis muaj ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj, nws yuav tsum ua lub sijhawm 3 lub sijhawm nrog ncua 2 hlis nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib thiab tom qab ntawd ua qhov koob tshuaj txhua 10 xyoo.
• Thaum koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm anaphylactic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ncua yog tias cov ntshav txhaws, yog tias ua intramuscularly.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj pub dawb nyob rau hauv cov tsev kho mob, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov neeg laus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob triple, los yog dTpa, uas ntxiv rau mob tetanus thiab diphtheria tiv thaiv tau tus mob hnoos qhuav, ntxiv rau qhov txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus cais, uas muaj nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb. hauv kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

7. Peb npaug koob tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nov yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus mob qhua pias mob, qhua pias thiab mob qhua pias, uas tsim nyog muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus mob ntxiv, xws li kev kis mob, kev taug mus rau qhov chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo, cov neeg uas tsis tau muaj tus mob los yog tsis tau txais 2 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv mus tag ib sim.

• Thaum twg mam coj: tsuas yog 2 koob tshuaj uas xav tau thoob plaws hauv lub neej, nrog lub sijhawm tsawg kawg 1 hlis.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hnyav lossis muaj tus mob anaphylactic tom qab noj qe.

Nws tsis muaj pub dawb rau cov neeg laus, tshwj tsis yog thaum lub sijhawm sib tw, thiab nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntiag tug.

8. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab A thiab kab mob siab B tuaj yeem tau los ntawm koob tshuaj tiv thaiv sib cais lossis sib xyaw, rau cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob no, tus uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tsis muaj ntaub ntawv txhaj tshuaj.

• Thaum twg mam coj: cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B, lossis cov sib xyaw ua ke A thiab B, yog tsim hauv 3 koob tshuaj, hauv lub sijhawm 0 - 1 - 6 hli. Koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab hom A, nyob rau lwm qhov, tuaj yeem siv tom qab kev soj ntsuam ntsuas uas qhia tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam tus kab mob no lossis cov xwm txheej kis tau lossis kis tus mob, nyob rau ob txoj kev txhaj tshuaj, nrog rau ncua sijhawm 6 lub hlis.
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob coj: cov neeg uas muaj qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis haum rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ncua yog tias mob febrile lossis hloov pauv coagulation yog tias siv intramuscularly.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B tuaj yeem ua pub dawb los ntawm SUS, txawm li cas los xij kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab A tsuas muaj nyob hauv cov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.