Puas yog Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Moulding puas txaus ntshai? Tsis Yog Ib Zaug

Zoo Siab

• Dab Tsi Yog Dab Tsi?
• Cov Khoom Noj twg tuaj yeem Muaj Kab Mob hauv Pwm?
• Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Ntau Uas Yuav Loj Hlob Tuaj pwm
• Cov kab mob tuaj yeem tuaj yeem paug cov zaub mov
• Yuav ua li cas Yog Tias Koj Pom Mould rau hauv koj cov zaub mov
• Cov Zaub Mov Koj tuaj yeem khaws cia
• Cov Khoom Noj Uas Koj Yuav Tsum Muab Pov Tseg
• Pwm Raug Siv Los Ua Ib Yam Khoom Noj
• Pwm Tuaj yeem Ua Cov Tshuaj Mycotoxins
• Tej zaum Mycotoxins Tuaj Ntsib Ntau Yam Khoom Noj
• Pwm Tuaj yeem Ua kom Ua xua tau fab rau txhua yam
• Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zaub mov kom loj hlob tuaj pwm li cas?
• Rau hauv qab Kab

Cov zaub mov lwj feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm pwm.

Khoom noj khoom qab zib muaj lub qab tsis nyiam thiab kev ntxhib los mos thiab tej zaum yuav muaj xim ntsuab lossis dawb fuzzy.

Tsuas yog kev xav ntawm kev noj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig cov zaub mov muaj nyiaj yuav luag txhua tus neeg.

Thaum qee hom pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov co toxins ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj, lwm yam yog siv los ua zaub noj, suav nrog qee cov chees.

Kab lus no ua tibzoo saib ntawm pwm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab seb nws puas ua phem rau koj.

Dab Tsi Yog Dab Tsi?

Pwm yog hom pwm uas tuaj yeem tsim multicellular, xov zoo li txheej txheem.

Nws feem ntau pom tau rau tib neeg lub qhov muag thaum nws loj hlob tuaj rau ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab nws hloov pauv cov khoom noj kom zoo nkauj. Cov zaub mov yuav dhau los ua mos thiab hloov xim, thaum lub pwm nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua qhov muag, fuzzy lossis muaj hmoov av.

Nws tsim cov noob kab tsuag uas muab nws cov xim, uas feem ntau ntsuab, dawb, dub lossis txho. Khoom noj khoom qab zib kuj qab qab kuj qab txawv txav, me ntsis zoo li cov av nkos. Zoo li no, khoom noj pwm tuaj yeem hnov ​​tsw "tawm."

Txawm hais tias pwm tsuas pom saum npoo, nws cov cag yuav nyob tob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Pwm xav tau kev noo, sov sov organic teeb meem loj hlob, yog li cov zaub mov feem ntau yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws.

Ntau txhiab hom pwm nyob ua ib ke thiab muaj nyob rau yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Koj tuaj yeem hais tias pwm yog qhov kev coj ua khoom siv.

Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj nyob hauv cov zaub mov, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov neeg nyob hauv tsev hauv cov huab cua noo (1).

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov khaws cia ua noj, ib yam li pickling, khov thiab kom qhuav, yog kom txhob tuaj pwm, ntxiv rau cov microbes uas ua rau cov zaub mov lwj.

Ntsiab lus:Pwm yog hom pwm uas pom muaj nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw. Nws hloov pauv qhov tsos, saj thiab ntxig ntawm cov khoom noj uas nws hlob tuaj, ua rau nws lwj.

Cov Khoom Noj twg tuaj yeem Muaj Kab Mob hauv Pwm?

Cov pwm tuaj yeem loj tuaj ntawm yuav luag txhua yam zaub mov noj.

Uas tau hais tias, qee hom khoom noj yog cov cuam tshuam pwm ntau dua li lwm qhov.

Khoom noj tshiab nrog cov ntsiab lus dej siab yog qhov tsis zoo tshwj xeeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tshuaj khaws cia kom tsawg yuav ua kom cov pwm nce ntxiv, nrog rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob me me ().

Cov pwm yuav tsis tsuas cog koj cov khoom noj hauv tsev. Nws tuaj yeem loj hlob thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom noj khoom haus ib yam nkaus, suav nrog thoob hauv kev loj hlob, sau qoob loo, khaws cia lossis txheej txheem ().

Cov Khoom Noj Muaj Ntau Uas Yuav Loj Hlob Tuaj pwm

Hauv qab no yog qee cov zaub mov uas nquag nyiam tuaj pwm:

• Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo: Xws li txiv pos nphuab, txiv kab ntxwv, txiv quav ntswv nyoos, txiv apples thiab txiv pos nphuab
• Zaub: Xws li txiv lws suav, tswb kua txob, zaub paj thiab zaub ntug
• Mov ci: Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tsis muaj cov tshuaj khaws cia
• Cheese: Ob leeg mos thiab nyuaj ntau yam

Cov pwm kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm lwm cov zaub mov, suav nrog cov nqaij, txiv ntoo, mis nyuj thiab zaub mov ua noj.

Cov pwm feem ntau xav tau pa oxygen nyob, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj tsis tuaj yeem nyob rau qhov chaw oxygen. Txawm li cas los xij, pwm tuaj yeem yooj yim cog rau ntawm cov zaub mov uas tau ntim rau hauv kev ntim airtight tom qab nws tau qhib.

Cov pwm feem ntau tseem xav tau kev ya raws nyob, tab sis qee yam hom hu ua xerophilic pwm tuaj yeem qee nyob rau hauv thaj chaw qhuav thiab suab thaj. Xerophilic pwm tuaj yeem qee zaum pom ntawm chocolate, txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav thiab khoom ci (,,).

Cov kab mob tuaj yeem tuaj yeem paug cov zaub mov

Nws tsis yog pwm uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv thiab hauv koj cov zaub mov. Cov kab mob pom tsis tuaj yeem loj zuj zus nrog nws.

Cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob zaub mov, nrog rau cov tsos mob suav nrog xeev ntuav, raws plab thiab ntuav. Qhov loj heev ntawm cov mob no nyob ntawm hom kab mob, tus nqi noj thiab qhov muaj mob rau tus kheej (1, 6).

Ntsiab lus:Cov pwm tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov feem ntau. Cov khoom noj uas feem ntau yuav muaj pwm kev loj hlob tuaj tshiab nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv dej siab. Qhov no suav nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, khob cij thiab tshij. Cov pwm feem ntau xav tau ya raws, tab sis qee qhov tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj uas qhuav thiab suab thaj.

Yuav ua li cas Yog Tias Koj Pom Mould rau hauv koj cov zaub mov

Feem ntau, yog tias koj pom pwm nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj muag muag, koj yuav tsum muab pov tseg.

Cov khoom noj mos muaj cov ntsiab lus noo noo, yog li pwm tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv qab nws qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem nyuaj rau pom. Cov kab mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem nrog nws.

Nws yooj yim mus muab cov pwm ntawm cov zaub mov tawv, xws li nyuaj cheese. Cias txiav cov pwm feem rau kev txiav tawm. Feem ntau, cov zaub mov tawv lossis hnyav tsis yooj yim nkag los ntawm cov pwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov zaub mov raug tiv thaiv nrog pwm koj yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Tsis tas li, yog tias koj pom pwm, tsis txhob hnia nws, vim tias qhov no yuav ua teeb meem rau kev ua pa.

Cov Zaub Mov Koj tuaj yeem khaws cia

Cov khoom noj no tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias pwm raug txiav (1):

• Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub uas ruaj: Xws li txiv apples, tswb lub kua txob thiab zaub ntug hauv paus
• Nyuaj cheese: Ob qhov chaw uas pwm tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev coj ua, zoo li Parmesan, thiab qhov chaw pwm yog ib feem ntawm kev ua, zoo li Gorgonzola
• Nyuaj salami thiab qhuav-kho lub teb chaws hams

Thaum hle pwm tawm ntawm cov zaub mov, txiav tsawg kawg 1 nti (2.5 cm) ncig thiab hauv qab cov pwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ceev faj kom tsis txhob kov pwm nrog rab riam.

Cov Khoom Noj Uas Koj Yuav Tsum Muab Pov Tseg

Yog tias koj pom pwm nyob ntawm cov khoom no, muab pov tseg (1):

• Cov txiv ntoo thiab zaub muag muag: Xws li txiv pos nphuab, dib thiab txiv lws suav.
• Mos cheese: Zoo li tsev me thiab qab tshij, thiab ua rau muaj txaij ci, hlais thiab hlais ib sab. Qhov no tseem suav nrog cov cheese uas tau ua nrog pwm tab sis tau tawm tsam los ntawm lwm tus pwm uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim khoom.
• Mov ci thiab ci: Pwm tuaj yeem yooj yim loj tuaj hauv qab npoo av.
• Khoom noj siav: Xws li cov nqaij npuas, nqaij, nplej zom thiab nplej.
• Jam thiab jellies: Yog tias cov khoom no pwm, lawv yuav muaj mycotoxins.
• Cov txiv laum huab xeeb, cov roj thiab cov noob txiv: Cov khoom lag luam ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev txuag cia yog qhov pheej hmoo loj dua ntawm pwm kev lag luam.
• Deli nqaij, nqaij npuas kib, kub cov nqaij
• Yogurt thiab qaub cream

Ntsiab lus:Cov zaub mov mos nrog cov ntsiab lus noo noo siab feem ntau yuav muaj pwm pwm. Koj tuaj yeem txiav pwm tawm ntawm cov zaub mov tawv lossis khov.

Pwm Raug Siv Los Ua Ib Yam Khoom Noj

Pwm tsis zoo nyob hauv cov zaub mov.

Penicillium yog cov pwm ntawm cov pwm siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim tawm ntawm ntau hom cheese, nrog rau cov cheese xiav, Gorgonzola, brie thiab Camembert (,).

Cov leeg siv los ua cov cheeses no muaj kev nyab xeeb rau noj vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj mycotoxins. Cov xwm txheej uas lawv nyob hauv cov cheese tsis tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov mycotoxins (,).

Lwm cov pwm yas muaj kev nyab xeeb yog koji pwm, suav nrog Aspergillus oryzae, uas yog siv rau ferment taum pauv los ua kua ntses. Lawv kuj siv los ua kua qaub, thiab haus cawv, nrog rau cov dej haus Japanese sake ().

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias txawm hais tias qee qhov pwm ntxiv rau qee yam khoom noj thaum lub sijhawm ua khoom noj kom ua tiav qee yam teebmeem, cov pwm ntawd tseem tuaj yeem tsoo lwm cov khoom.

Piv txwv li, Penicillium roqueforti yog siv los ua kob xiav, tab sis nws yuav ua rau lwj yog tias nws loj tuaj hauv cov tshiab lossis grated cheese ().

Ntsiab lus: Cov tuam txhab ua zaub mov siv cov pwm tshwj xeeb los ua cov cheese, ua kua ntses, kua txob thiab haus cawv. Cov pwm no muaj kev nyab xeeb rau noj, tsuav yog tias lawv noj raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj uas lawv tau npaj tseg thiab tsis txhob ua paug rau lwm cov zaub mov.

Pwm Tuaj yeem Ua Cov Tshuaj Mycotoxins

Cov pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom hu ua mycotoxins. Cov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob thiab tuag taus, nyob ntawm seb siv ntau npaum li cas, ntev npaum li cas kis thiab hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg ().

Mob toxicity muaj xws li mob plab zom mov zoo li ntuav thiab raws plab, nrog rau mob siab ua rau mob siab. Ntev qes qes qes ntawm mycotoxins tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tseem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav (,).

Dhau li ntawm raug kis los ntawm kev noj cov zaub mov tsis huv, tib neeg kuj tuaj yeem kis los ntawm kev nqus tau lossis kov tawv nqaij nrog mycotoxins hauv ib puag ncig ().

Txawm hais tias pwm kev loj hlob yog ib txwm pom tseeb, mycotoxins lawv tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem pom tib neeg lub qhov muag (14).

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau, feem ntau lom thiab feem ntau tau kawm mycotoxins yog aflatoxin. Nws yog tus kabmob paub carcinogen thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias noj ntau. Aflatoxin kev sib kis muaj ntau dua nyob rau thaj chaw sov thiab feem ntau txuas nrog rau kev mob nyob rau ntuj qhuav heev ().

Aflatoxin, ntxiv rau ntau yam mycotoxins, yog qhov kub heev-ruaj khov, yog li nws tuaj yeem ciaj sia ua zaub mov noj. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav nyob hauv cov zaub mov tiav, xws li txiv laum huab xeeb ().

Ntsiab lus:Cov pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov mycotoxins uas tuaj yeem ua tus kabmob thiab tuag tau. Aflatoxin, uas paub cov carcinogen, yog cov mycotoxin paub lom ntau tshaj plaws.

Tej zaum Mycotoxins Tuaj Ntsib Ntau Yam Khoom Noj

Mycotoxins tuaj yeem pom muaj hauv cov zaub mov vim yog cog qoob loo.

Qhov tseeb, kev kis tau mycotoxin yog ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb, vim tias mycotoxins raug tsim tawm los ntawm pwm hauv qhov. Txog 25% ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov qoob loo cog qoob loo muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog mycotoxins ().

Ntau hom qoob loo muaj peev xwm kis taus, suav nrog pob kws, oats, txhuv, noob txiv, txuj lom, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.

Ntau ntau yam cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov mycotoxins. Piv txwv li, droughts tsis muaj zog ntawm cov nroj tsuag, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev puas tsuaj thiab kab mob (,).

Cov khoom lag luam tsiaj, xws li nqaij, mis thiab qe, kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj mycotoxins yog tias cov tsiaj noj cov zaub mov tsis huv. Cov zaub mov tseem yuav tuaj yeem nrog mycotoxins thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia yog qhov chaw khaws cia tseem sov thiab noo noo (,).

Hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), 26% ntawm 40,000 qhov qauv ntawm cov zaub mov ntau yam muaj mycotoxins. Txawm li cas los xij, tus lej ntawm cov qauv uas dhau qhov kev nyab xeeb sab sauv muaj tsawg heev rau feem ntau cov khoom (16).

Cov qib siab tshaj plaws tau pom hauv pistachios thiab Brazil ceev.

Ntau tshaj 21% ntawm Brazil cov txiv ntoo thiab 19% cov pistachios tau kuaj dhau qhov kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws thiab yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub khw. Hauv kev sib piv, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov me nyuam mos cov zaub mov thiab tsuas yog 0.6% ntawm pob kws tau dhau ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb (16).

Vim tias cov kev tsim mycotoxin tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tag nrho, cov zaub mov kev lag luam tau tsim txoj hauv kev los saib xyuas nws. Cov theem ntawm mycotoxins hauv cov zaub mov yog tswj hwm nyob hauv thaj tsam 100 lub teb chaws (,,).

Thaum koj tab tom raug rau cov kuab tshuaj lom me me los ntawm koj cov kev noj haus, cov qib yuav tsis siab tshaj qhov txwv kev nyab xeeb. Yog tias koj yog ib tus neeg muaj kev noj qab haus huv, lawv yuav tsis ua mob rau koj. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob sib xyaw ua ke.

Thiab txawm hais tias pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov co toxins txaus ntshai, feem ntau nws tsis tshwm sim kom txog thaum pwm nce mus txog qhov paub tab thiab cov xwm txheej raug cai - uas yog, thaum cov zaub mov yuav lwj. Yog li thaum lub sijhawm koj cov zaub mov muaj cov co toxins, koj yuav tau pov tseg (18).

Ntsiab lus:Cov pwm muaj nyob rau hauv xeeb thiab tej zaum yuav pom nyob hauv ntau yam zaub mov noj. Qib ntawm mycotoxins hauv cov zaub mov raug tswj hwm nruj. Cov pwm tsim muaj cov taug taug thaum nws mus txog qhov tiav lawm, tab sis qhov no feem ntau tsuas yog tshwm sim tom qab koj tau pov tseg.

Pwm Tuaj yeem Ua kom Ua xua tau fab rau txhua yam

Qee tus neeg siv lub cev ua pa rau tuaj pwm, thiab haus zaub mov pwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg no tau ua rau muaj kev fab tshuaj.

Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau nyob rau ntawm cov ncauj lus no, tab sis muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav.

Ntawm qee kis, cov neeg uas ua xua vim pwm tau tshaj tawm cov tsos mob tom qab lawv noj Quorn. Quorn yog ib qho khoom noj ua los ntawm mycoproteins, lossis fungal proteins, uas tau muab los ntawm pwm Fusarium venenatum (, , , ).

Txawm hais tias cov xwm txheej no, tsis muaj ib tus neeg xav tau kev noj qab haus huv thiaj li yuav zam tau Quorn.

Lwm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, tus neeg mob uas nkag siab zoo rau pwm ntau dhau los ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj tom qab noj muv pollen ntxiv uas tau paug nrog cov pwm ntawd. Lwm thiab Cladosporium ().

Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, tus tub ntxhais hluas ua xua rau pwm tuag tom qab nws noj cov khoom sib xyaw pancake uas muaj tus kabmob hnyav nrog rau pwm ().

Cov neeg uas tsis rhiab lossis tsis haum rau pwm yog tej zaum tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam yog tias lawv tau noj ib qho me me ntawm nws.

Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tau pom tias cov tib neeg uas tsis rhiab cov pwm muaj cov tsos mob tsawg dua li cov neeg muaj lub siab xav paub pwm tom qab lawv noj cov pwm xyaw ua kev npaj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntau cov kev tshawb fawb muaj nyob rau ntawm cov ncauj lus no, yog li xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv ().

Ntsiab lus:Cov neeg muaj kev ua xua rau kev ua pa rau pwm tuaj yeem pom kev fab tshuaj tom qab noj pwm tag. Xav tau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txog cov ncauj lus no.

Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov zaub mov kom loj hlob tuaj pwm li cas?

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv cov khoom noj kom tsis zoo vim qhov nce pwm.

Ua kom koj lub chaw khaws zaub mov huv yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias cov khoom noj los ntawm cov khoom noj tuaj yeem tsim hauv lub tub yees lossis lwm qhov chaw cia khoom siv. Kev tuav tswj kom zoo kuj tseem ceeb.

Nov yog qee cov lus qhia los tiv thaiv kev nce pwm hauv cov khoom noj (1):

• Ntxuav koj lub tub yees kom xwm yeem: So sab hauv txhua ob peb lub hlis.
• Saib xyuas cov khoom ntxuav huv: Qhov no suav nrog lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav, daim txhuam cev thiab lwm cov tais diav.
• Tsis txhob cia koj cov khoom lwj: Cov zaub mov tshiab muaj lub neej ua haujlwm tsawg. Yuav tsawg tsawg nyob rau ib lub sijhawm thiab siv nws li ntawm ob peb hnub.
• Khaws cov zaub mov lwj kom txias: Muab cov zaub mov uas muaj txoj sia nyob tsawg, xws li zaub, hauv tub yees, thiab tsis txhob cia lawv nyob ntev dua ob teev.
• Cov thawv ntim khoom yuav tsum huv thiab muab khi zoo: Siv cov thawv huv si thaum khaws cov khoom noj thiab npog nws kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov pwm pob zeb nyob hauv huab cua.
• Siv cov khoom noj seem sai: Noj cov khoom seem cia tsis pub dhau peb mus rau plaub hnub.
• Khov rau lub sijhawm ntev khaws cia: Yog tias koj tsis npaj ua noj khoom noj sai, muab tso rau hauv taub yees.

Ntsiab lus:Kev nyiam huv yog qhov tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv pwm kev loj hlob. Nco ntsoov tias koj khaws koj cov zaub mov tsis paub qab hau tso rau hauv tub yees thiab tswj lawv kom zoo.

Rau hauv qab Kab

Cov pwm muaj nyob rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm. Thaum nws pib loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov, nws ua rau nws lwj.

Pwm tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj mycotoxins tsis zoo nyob hauv txhua hom zaub mov, tab sis qib mycotoxin tseem nruj. Raug me me tej zaum yuav tsis ua mob rau tib neeg noj qab nyob zoo.

Kuj, mycotoxins tsuas yog thaum daim pwm tau tiav tiav. Lub sijhawm ntawd, koj yuav tsum pov cov zaub mov pov tseg.

Ntawd tau hais tias, koj yuav tsum zam cov zaub mov pwm ntau li ntau tau, tshwj xeeb yog tias koj muaj kev fab pa tuaj rau pwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev npam nws noj nws yuav tsis yog ua kom muaj kev phom sij.