Txhua Hais Txog Electrolyte Tsis Txaus Siab

Zoo Siab

• Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav ntshaws
• Ua rau muaj mob electrolyte
• Hom ntawm electrolyte kev ntshawv siab
• Tshuaj calcium
• Chloride
• Hlau nplaum
• Ntsev
• Qab Zib
• Kev Sodium
• Kev kuaj mob tsis nco qab electrolyte
• Kev kho cov tshuaj electrolyte
• Tso dej (IV) kua
• Tej hom tshuaj IV
• Cov tshuaj noj thiab qhov ncauj ntxiv
• Hemodialysis
• Kev pheej hmoo yam ua rau mob ntshav qab zib tsis txaus
• Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob

Nkag siab txog cov khoom hluav taws xob tsis zoo

Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov khoom sib txuas uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Lawv tswj tseem ceeb ua haujlwm physiologic.

Piv txwv ntawm cov roj ntsha xws li:

• calcium
• Tshuaj Txhaum
• tshuaj nplaum
• ntsev
• poov tshuaj
• sodium

Cov tshuaj no muaj nyob hauv koj cov ntshav, lub cev ntawm lub cev, thiab zis. Lawv kuj tau noj nrog zaub mov, dej haus thiab lwm yam ntxiv.

Qhov kev xoos hluav taws xob tshwm sim thaum cov qib hluav taws xob ntau hauv koj lub cev yog siab dhau lossis qis dhau. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug tswj nyob hauv ib qho kev sib luag rau koj lub cev ua haujlwm kom tau zoo. Txwv tsis pub, tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub cev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam.

Cov xaim hluav taws xob tsis txaus yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem loj xws li xeev tsis xeev, qaug dab peg, thiab lub plawv dhia.

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav ntshaws

Cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob me me yuav tsis ua mob. Cov kev tsis zoo no tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau kom txog thaum lawv nrhiav tau thaum lub sijhawm kuaj ntshav ib txwm muaj. Cov tsos mob feem ntau pib tshwm sim thaum ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb hnyav dua.

Tsis yog txhua lub electrolyte tsis txaus ua rau tib cov tsos mob, tab sis ntau yam qhia sib xws.

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm kev mob electrolyte suav nrog:

• lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem
• lub plawv dhia ceev
• nkees
• nkees
• qaug dab peg lossis qaug dab peg
• xeev siab
• ntuav
• raws plab lossis quav tawv
• mob plab zom mov
• mob leeg
• leeg tsis muaj zog
• txob taus
• tsis meej pem
• mob taub hau
• loog thiab tingling

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj tab tom hnov ​​cov tsos mob no thiab koj xav tias koj muaj teeb meem tshuaj electrolyte. Cov twj siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus yog tias tsis kho.

Ua rau muaj mob electrolyte

Kev xoo hluav taws xob feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ploj ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev ntuav ntev, raws plab, lossis tawm hws. Tej zaum lawv yuav tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim cov kua ua kua dej uas ua rau kub nyhiab.

Qee yam tshuaj siv tau tuaj yeem ua rau mob electrolyte zoo li. Qee qhov xwm txheej, yog cov kab mob pib, xws li mob raum lossis mob raum, yuav raug liam.

Qhov tseeb yog vim li cas ho txawv nyob ntawm qee hom kev tsis xau ntawm electrolyte.

Hom ntawm electrolyte kev ntshawv siab

Txhawb cov qib siab ntawm roj ntsha yog qhia nrog cov lus ua ntej ntawm "hyper-." Cov theem lim qis ntawm cov hluav taws xob tau qhia nrog "hypo-."

Cov mob los ntawm electrolyte qib tsis txaus xws li:

• calcium: hypercalcemia thiab hypocalcemia
• chloride: hyperchloremia thiab hypochloremia
• magnesium: hypermagnesemia thiab hypomagnesemia
• phosphate: hyperphosphatemia lossis hypophosphatemia
• poov tshuaj: hyperkalemia thiab hypokalemia
• sodium: hypernatremia thiab hyponatremia

Tshuaj calcium

Calcium yog ib qho tseem ceeb mineral uas koj lub cev siv kom tswj ntshav siab thiab tswj cov leeg pob txha. Nws kuj tseem siv los tsim cov pob txha muaj zog thiab cov hniav.

Hypercalcemia tshwm sim thaum koj muaj calcium ntau nyob hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm:

• mob raum
• cov thyroid cuam tshuam, nrog rau hyperparathyroidism
• cov kab mob ntsws, xws li mob ntsws lossis mob sarcoidosis
• tej hom mob cancer, suav nrog mob ntsws thiab mob qog mis
• siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau dhau thiab cov tshuaj calcium lossis cov tshuaj vitamin D kom ntau
• cov tshuaj xws li lithium, theophylline, lossis qee hom dej tshuaj

Hypocalcemia tshwm sim vim tsis muaj cov calcium txaus hauv cov hlab ntshav. Cov ua yuav suav nrog:

• raum tsis ua hauj lwm
• hypoparathyroidism
• muaj vitamin D tsis txaus
• pancreatitis
• prostate cancer
• malabsorption
• qee cov tshuaj, suav nrog heparin, mob pob txha, thiab cov tshuaj antiepileptic

Chloride

Chloride yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev.

Hyperchloremia tshwm sim thaum muaj chloride ntau dhau hauv lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li:

• lub cev tsis muaj dej txaus
• raum tsis ua hauj lwm
• lim ntshav

Tus mob Hypochloremia yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj cov tshuaj chloride muaj tsawg heev rau hauv lub cev. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm teeb meem sodium los yog potassium.

Lwm qhov laj thawj tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• cov leeg nqaij hlav
• kev noj haus tsis zoo, xws li lub cev tsis nco qab
• scorpion stings
• mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm

Hlau nplaum

Magnesium yog ib qho tseem ceeb mineral uas tswj hwm ntau txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, xws li:

• cov leeg ua haujlwm nrog
• lub plawv dhia ceev ceev
• hlab ntsha ua haujlwm

Hypermagnesemia txhais tau tias cov khoom noj ntau dhau ntawm magnesium. Qhov kev tsis zoo no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj Addison's kab mob thiab mob raum ntu kawg.

Hypomagnesemia txhais tau hais tias muaj cov magnesium nyob rau hauv lub cev tsawg heev. Cov teeb meem tshwm sim muaj xws li:

• haus cawv tsis siv
• khoom noj khoom haus tsis muaj zog
• malabsorption
• mob raws plab
• tawm hws ntau dhau
• lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm
• qee yam tshuaj kho mob, suav nrog qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob

Ntsev

Lub raum, pob txha, thiab txoj hnyuv ua haujlwm txhawm rau sib luag ntawm phosphate. Phosphate yog qhov tsim nyog rau ntau yam ntawm cov haujlwm thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov calcium.

Hyperphosphatemia tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim:

• cov calcium uas tsis muaj ntau ntau
• mob raum
• ua pa nyuaj
• underactive parathyroid qog
• mob leeg mob heev
• mob ntsws lysis syndrome, ib tug mob lwm yam los ntawm kev kho mob cancer
• kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm phosphate-muaj cov tshuaj pleev cev

Qib qis ntawm phosphate, lossis hypophosphatemia, tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv:

• haus cawv ntau
• kub nyhiab heev
• kev tshaib plab
• muaj vitamin D tsis txaus
• overactive parathyroid qog
• qee cov tshuaj, xws li tso ntshav (IV) hlau kho, niacin (Niacor, Niaspan), thiab qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

Qab Zib

Poov tshuaj tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau kev tswj plawv kev ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem pab tswj kev noj qab haus huv cov leeg thiab cov leeg.

Hyperkalemia yuav pib loj vim muaj cov poov xab ntau. Tus mob no tuaj yeem tuag taus yog tias tseem tsis tau kuaj thiab tsis kho. Nws feem ntau triggered los ntawm:

• lub cev tsis muaj dej txaus
• raum tsis ua hauj lwm
• mob hnyav acidosis, suav nrog ketoacidosis uas mob ntshav qab zib
• qee yam tshuaj noj, suav nrog qee cov tshuaj ntshav siab thiab tshuaj kho ntshav
• adrenal tsis txaus, uas yog thaum koj qib cortisol qes dhau

Kev mob Hypokalemia tshwm sim thaum cov poov tshuaj qis heev. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm:

• kev noj zaub mov tsis meej
• ntuav heev los sis raws plab
• lub cev qhuav dej
• qee yam tshuaj noj, suav nrog kev noj tshuaj pab rau cev tawm, tshuaj cawm siav, thiab corticosteroids

Kev Sodium

Sodium yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub cev kom tswj tau cov dej hauv lub cev thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Nws kuj tseem pab tswj cov hlab ntsha ua haujlwm thiab lub zog cov leeg.

Hypernatremia tshwm sim thaum muaj sodium ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Kev noj ntsev ntau heev nyob hauv lub cev yuav tshwm sim los ntawm:

• Kev siv dej tsis txaus
• lub cev tsis muaj dej txaus
• ntev li ntawm kev ploj hauv lub cev vim yog ntuav ntev, raws plab, tawm hws, lossis ua pa nyuaj
• qee cov tshuaj, suav nrog corticosteroids

Hyponatremia kev loj hlob thaum muaj ntsev ntau. Cov teeb meem uas ua rau muaj ntsev tsawg tsawg yog:

• kua nyeem tau ntau dhau ntawm daim tawv nqaij tawm hws lossis hlawv
• ntuav lossis raws plab
• zaub mov tsis zoo
• haus cawv tsis siv
• ua haujlwm dhau
• lub qog, hypothalamic, lossis qog adrenal ua haujlwm
• mob siab, lub siab, lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm
• qee cov tshuaj noj, suav nrog tshuaj noj diuretics thiab qaug dab peg
• Cov tsos mob ntawm kev tso pa tsis haum ntawm antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Kev kuaj mob tsis nco qab electrolyte

Kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim tuaj yeem ntsuas theem ntawm electrolytes hauv koj lub cev. Kev kuaj ntshav uas saib ntawm koj lub raum lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ib yam nkaus.

Koj tus kws khomob yuav xav kuaj lub cev lossis kuaj ntxiv kom paub meej tias tus mob xaim hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Cov kev xeem ntawv ntxiv no yuav sib txawv raws li cov lus nug hauv qab nug.

Piv txwv li, hypernatremia (ntau dhau ntawm sodium) tuaj yeem ua rau poob ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim yog lub cev qhuav dej. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntxig ntsuas seb lub cev qhuav dej puas cuam tshuam rau koj.

Lawv yuav kuaj koj cov tshuaj reflexes, vim tias ntau ntxiv thiab tshem tawm theem ntawm qee cov electrolytes tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov reflexes.

Ib qho electrocardiogram (ECG lossis EKG), kev siv hluav taws xob hauv koj lub plawv, kuj tseem yuav pab tau los kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem, hloov plawv, lossis ECG lossis EKG hloov los ntawm teeb meem electrolyte.

Kev kho cov tshuaj electrolyte

Txoj kev kho mob mas nws txawv nyob ntawm hom xaim electrolyte thiab nyob ntawm qhov mob uas ua rau nws mob.

Feem ntau, qee qhov kev kho mob yog siv los kho qhov rov qab tsim nyog ntawm cov zaub mov hauv lub cev. Cov no suav nrog:

Tso dej (IV) kua

Kev tso dej raws dej (IV), feem ntau yog sodium chloride, tuaj yeem pab lub cev ua kom lub cev tsis muaj qhov txaus ntshai. Qhov kev kho no ib txwm siv muaj qee lub cev qhuav dej los ntawm ntuav lossis raws plab. Kev pabcuam ntxiv hauv cov roj ntsha tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov dej IV rau qhov kev ua kom tsis zoo.

Tej hom tshuaj IV

Tshuaj IV tuaj yeem pab koj lub cev rov qab hluav taws xob sai sai. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj los ntawm cov kev tsis zoo thaum koj tau raug kho los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev.

Cov tshuaj koj tau txais yuav yog nyob ntawm cov xaim electrolyte uas koj muaj. Cov tshuaj noj uas yuav siv tau suav nrog calcium gluconate, magnesium chloride, thiab potassium chloride.

Cov tshuaj noj thiab qhov ncauj ntxiv

Tshuaj noj thiab tshuaj pabcuam feem ntau yog siv los kho cov ntxhia uas tsis haum hauv koj lub cev. Qhov no muaj ntau nyob rau hauv yog tias koj tau tshawb pom muaj mob raum tsis tu ncua.

Nyob ntawm koj cov ntsha tsis zoo, koj yuav tau txais tshuaj noj lossis tshuaj ntxiv:

• calcium (gluconate, carbonate, citrate, lossis lactate)
• magnesium oxide
• poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb
• phosphate binders, uas suav nrog sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), lanthanum (Fosrenol), thiab kev kho mob calcium-raws li calcium carbonate

Lawv tuaj yeem pab hloov cov tsis muaj roj electrolytes nyob rau lub sijhawm luv-lossis ntev, nyob ntawm qhov ua rau koj tus mob tsis txaus ntseeg. Thaum qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau kho qhov siab lawm, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kho qhov laj thawj.

Txawm hais tias qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem yuav tom lub txee, feem ntau cov neeg muaj mob electrolyte tau txais tshuaj los ntawm cov kws kho mob los ntawm lawv tus kws kho mob.

Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis yog ib hom kev lim ntshav uas siv lub tshuab tshem cov khoom pov tseg ntawm koj cov ntshav.

Ib txoj hauv kev kom cov ntshav ntws mus rau lub raum cuav no yog rau koj tus kws kho mob ua lub ntsej muag ntshav, lossis chaw nkag, nkag rau hauv koj cov hlab ntshav.

Qhov chaw nkag no yuav tso cai kom muaj ntshav ntau dhau los ntawm koj lub cev thaum kho mob hemodialysis. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias ntau cov ntshav tuaj yeem lim thiab ntxuav tau.

Hemodialysis tuaj yeem siv tau thaum hluav taws xob tsis zoo yog los ntawm kev mob raum sai thiab lwm yam kev kho tsis ua haujlwm. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob kho mob yog tias cov teeb meem electrolyte ua rau lub neej txaus ntshai.

Kev pheej hmoo yam ua rau mob ntshav qab zib tsis txaus

Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem tsim kho cov xaim hluav taws xob. Qee tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua vim yog lawv li keeb kwm kho mob. Cov mob uas ua rau koj muaj feem raug mob ntshaus siab ntau dua xam nrog rau:

• haus cawv tsis siv
• mob ntsws
• congestive plawv tsis ua haujlwm
• mob raum
• kev noj haus tsis zoo, xws li tsis nco qab thiab mob bulimia
• kev raug mob, xws li mob hnyav lossis mob pob txha
• cov thyroid cuam tshuam
• adrenal cov leeg muaj teeb meem

Tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob

Ua raws li cov lus qhia no los pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob electrolyte:

• nyob hauv dej yog tias koj ntuav ntev heev, raws plab, lossis tawm hws
• ntsib koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj tau pom cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm kev ntshaib zis

Yog tias cov xaim hluav taws xob tsis txaus ntseeg vim yog tshuaj los yog mob hauv qab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kho koj cov tshuaj noj thiab kho qhov ua rau. Qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv yav tom ntej electrolyte tsis txaus.