Koj Tuaj yeem Tuag Los Ntawm Kev Mob Cancer? 15 Yam Yuav Tsum Paub Txog Kev Tshuaj Xyuas thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv

Zoo Siab

• Nws puas raug?
• Puas nyob ntev ntawm kev kuaj mob puas tseem ceeb?
• Puas muaj lwm yam los txiav txim siab?
• Leej twg muaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?
• Dab tsi ua rau nws?
• Puas muaj ntau hom?
• Puas muaj dab tsi uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv nws?
• Koj yuav paub tau li cas yog tias koj muaj nws?
• Cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam yog dab tsi?
• Nws kuaj tau li cas?
• Puas yog nws ua tau kom muaj kev ntsuam xyuas Pap qub thiab tseem tseem muaj tus kabmob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?
• Yuav kho nws li cas?
• Puas yog nws kho puas tau?
• Puas yuav rov muaj tau dua?
• Qhov kev xam pom tag nrho yog dab tsi?

Nws puas raug?

Nws tshwm sim tsawg dua li qub, tab sis yog, nws muaj peev xwm tuag los ntawm mob cancer.

Lub koom haum American Cancer Society (ACS) kwv yees tias kwv yees li 4,250 leej neeg hauv tebchaws Meskas yuav tuag los ntawm mob cancer rau ncauj tsev menyuam rau xyoo 2019.

Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb hais tias muaj tsawg leej neeg tuag rau lub tsev me nyuam hnub no tau nce siv Pap ntau zuj zus.

Cervical cancer yog qhov muaj ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj neeg ntiaj teb. Thoob ntiaj teb, txog kev tuag los ntawm kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv xyoo 2018.

Cervical cancer yog qhov kho tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kho nyob rau theem thaum ntxov.

Puas nyob ntev ntawm kev kuaj mob puas tseem ceeb?

Yog lawm. Feem ntau hais lus, kuaj pom tus kabmob qog thaum ntxov, qhov tshwm sim zoo dua. Cervical cancer nyhav nce qeeb.

Kev kuaj Pap muaj peev xwm kuaj pom cov qe tsis zoo ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam ua ntej lawv yuav mob qog nqaij hlav. Qhov no paub tias yog carcinoma hauv situ lossis theem 0 mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam.

Kev tshem tawm cov kab mob no tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv tus kabmob los ntawm kev tsim kho hauv thawj qhov chaw.

Cov theem sawv cev rau mob ncauj tsev menyuam yog:

• Theem 1: Kab mob khees xaws nyob rau ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam thiab tej zaum yuav kis mus rau hauv tsev menyuam.
• Theem 2: Kab mob khees xaws tau nthuav tawm sab nraud lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub tsev menyuam. Nws tsis tau ncav cuag lub phab ntsa ntawm lub plab mog lossis sab qaum ntawm lub paum.
• Theem 3: Kab mob khees xaws tau mus txog qis dua ntawm qhov chaw mos, lub pelvic phab ntsa, lossis cuam tshuam rau lub raum.
• Theem 4: Mob kheesxaws tau ri mus sab hauv lub plab mog rau lub zais zis, lub qhov quav, lossis rau cov cev thiab cov pob txha nyob deb.

Tus nqi 5 xyoo piv rau cov neeg muaj sia nyob nrog cov neeg raug tus mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam txij xyoo 2009 txog 2015 yog:

• Laus (zais cia rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub tsev me nyuam): 91.8 feem pua
• Cheeb Tsam (sib kis dhau ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub tsev me rau cov chaw nyob ze): 56.3 feem pua
• Deb (kis tau dhau ntawm lub plab mog): 16.9 feem pua
• Tsis paub: 49 feem pua

Cov no yog tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov muaj sia nyob raws cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub xyoo 2009 txog 2015. Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav hloov sai thiab cov kev xam pom dav dav yuav tau zoo tuaj txij li ntawd.

Puas muaj lwm yam los txiav txim siab?

Yog lawm. Muaj ntau ntau yam ua dhau ntawm theem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau koj tus kheej kev kwv yees.

Ib txhia ntawm cov no yog:

• hnub nyoog thaum kuaj mob
• kev noj qab haus huv txhua yam, suav nrog lwm yam mob xws li HIV
• hom txiv neej papillomavirus (HPV) koom nrog
• hom kev mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam
• txawm hais tias qhov no yog thawj zaug los yog mob rov qab los ntawm kev kho tus mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yav dhau los
• koj yuav pib kho mob sai npaum li cas

Haiv neeg kuj tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm. Cov poj niam Dub thiab Mev muaj cov Qeb tuag rau ncauj tsev menyuam.

Leej twg muaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?

Txhua tus neeg muaj lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob tuaj yeem mob ncauj tsev menyuam. Qhov no muaj tseeb yog tias tam sim no koj tsis tau sib deev, cev xeeb tub, lossis tom qab hnub tas lawm.

Raws li ACS, mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev menyuam mob yog cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 20 xyoo thiab feem ntau kuaj tau rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 35 mus txog 44 xyoo.

Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov neeg Mev yog tus muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau tshaj plaws, tom qab ntawd neeg Asmeskas-Asmeskas, Asians, Pacific Islanders, thiab Caucasians.

Cov neeg Asmeskas thiab cov neeg ib txwm nyob ntawm Alaskan muaj qhov pheej hmoo tsawg tshaj plaws.

Dab tsi ua rau nws?

Feem ntau ntawm mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis HPV. HPV yog cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev sib deev, nrog cov neeg feem coob ntawm kev sib deev kis tau nws ntawm qee kis.

HPV yog qhov kis tau yooj yim vim tias nws tsuas yog siv qhov sib chwv ntawm tawv nqaij xwb. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws txawm tias koj tsis tau sib deev.

, HPV tshem mus nws tus kheej li ntawm 2 xyoos. Tab sis yog tias koj nyiam sib deev, koj tuaj yeem cog lus txhaum ntxiv.

Tsuas muaj tsawg leej neeg uas muaj tus mob HPV yuav pib mob cancer rau ncauj tsev menyuam, tab sis qee tus neeg mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog vim tus kabmob no.

Nws tsis tshwm sim ib hmo, txawm hais tias. Thaum kis tau tus mob HPV, nws tuaj yeem siv li 15 txog 20 xyoo rau kev mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam los txhim kho, lossis 5 txog 10 xyoo yog tias koj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.

HPV feem ntau yuav muaj peev xwm nce mus rau mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog tias koj haus luam yeeb lossis muaj lwm yam kabmob sib kis (STIs) xws li mob chlamydia, kab mob gonorrhea, lossis herpes yooj yim.

Puas muaj ntau hom?

Txog li 9 ntawm 10 leej neeg mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog squamous cell carcinomas. Cov kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm hlwb qauj nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj, ib feem ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam uas ze ze rau lub paum.

Feem ntau lwm tus yog adenocarcinomas, uas tshwm sim hauv cov qog cov qog ntshav hauv endocervix, qhov ze tshaj ntawm lub tsev menyuam.

Mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua cov qog ntshav, mob melanomas, sarcomas, lossis lwm yam tsis tshua muaj mob.

Puas muaj dab tsi uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv nws?

Muaj kev txo tus nqi txo neeg txoj sia txij li thaum kev ntsuam xyuas Pap los.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua los tiv thaiv tus mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam yog kev mus kuaj mob tsis tu ncua thiab kuaj Pap raws li koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo.

Lwm txoj hauv kev los txo koj cov kev pheej hmoo yog:

• nug koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj yuav tsum tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv mob HPV
• tau txais kev kho mob yog tias nrhiav tau cov kab mob hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam
• mus kuaj ntxiv thaum koj muaj kev ntsuam xyuas Pap txawv txav lossis kuaj HPV zoo
• zam, lossis txiav luam yeeb

Koj yuav paub tau li cas yog tias koj muaj nws?

Kabmob kheesxaws thaum ntxov tsis yog ua rau cov tsos mob tshwm sim, yog li koj yuav tsis paub tias koj muaj tus mob no. Vim li ntawd nws thiaj tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum tau mus kuaj kev ntsuas kom tsis tu ncua.

Thaum mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam mob zuj zus, cov cim thiab cov tsos mob kuj yuav xam nrog:

• qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov paum txawv
• pojniam los ntshav
• mob thaum sib deev
• mob pelvic

Yog lawm, cov tsos mob ntawd tsis txhais hais tias koj muaj mob qog nqaij hlav rau ncauj tsev menyuam. Cov no tuaj yeem ua cov cim ntawm lwm yam mob uas kho tau.

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam yog dab tsi?

Raws li ACS cov lus qhia soj ntsuam:

• Cov neeg hnub nyoog 21 txog 29 yuav tsum kuaj Pap txhua 3 xyoos.
• Cov neeg hnub nyoog 30 txog 65 xyoos yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas Pap ntxiv rau kev ntsuam xyuas HPV txhua 5 xyoos. Hloov chaw, koj tuaj yeem kuaj Pap ib leeg txhua 3 xyoos.
• Yog tias koj twb muaj tag nrho txoj hlab ntshav (hysterectomy) nyob rau lwm yam uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob ua ntej, koj tsis tas yuav kuaj Pap lossis HPV ntxiv lawm. Yog tias koj lub tsev menyuam raug tshem tawm, tabsis koj tseem muaj koj lub ncauj tsev menyuam, kev kuaj yuav tsum mus txuas ntxiv.
• Yog tias koj muaj hnub nyoog 65 xyoos, tsis tau muaj ib qho kev xoom xaim heev nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo dhau los, thiab tau soj ntsuam mus li 10 xyoo, koj tuaj yeem tsum kuaj ntsuas mob ncauj tsev menyuam tau.

Koj tuaj yeem xav kuaj ntau dua yog tias:

• Koj yog tus muaj feem yuav mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam.
• Koj tau muaj qhov tshwm sim Pap tsis zoo.
• Koj tau kuaj tias yog lub tsev menyuam mob voos lossis tus kabmob HIV.
• Yav tag los koj twb tau mus kho mob khees-xaws ncauj tsev menyuam.

Kev tshawb fawb 2017 pom tau tias cov neeg mob qog nqaij hlav hauv tsev neeg kev tuag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov poj niam neeg laus dua, yuav muaj kev saib tsis taus lawv. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog qhov koj yuav tsim kev mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam thiab ua kom koj tau txais kev soj ntsuam zoo.

Thawj kauj ruam feem ntau yog kuaj xyuas pob txha caj dab txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kuaj HPV thiab kev ntsuam xyuas Pap tuaj yeem ua tib lub sijhawm nrog kuaj plab mos.

Nws kuaj tau li cas?

Txawm hais tias kev ntsuam xyuas Pap tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov qog ua haujlwm txawv txav, nws tsis tuaj yeem lees paub tias cov keeb no yog cov kabmob. Rau qhov ntawd, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tsev me me mus kuaj mob.

Hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua endocervical curettage, ib qhov qauv ntawm cov nqaij mos uas tau coj los ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam mob siv qhov ntsuas hu ua kho pob kws.

Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej lossis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nrog chaw ua haujlwm, uas tus kws kho mob siv lub zog ua kom pom tseeb me me los mus saib lub paum thiab lub ncauj tsev menyuam.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xav ua lub hlwv me me kom tau ua qhov loj dua, lub khob hliav qab cov nqaij mos rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Nov yog kev phais mob sab nraud uas muaj feem ua pob me me lossis laser.

Cov ntaub so ntswg yog tom qab ntawd los kuaj hauv lub tshuab tsom rau cov kab mob qog noj ntshav.

Puas yog nws ua tau kom muaj kev ntsuam xyuas Pap qub thiab tseem tseem muaj tus kabmob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam?

Yog lawm. Kev kuaj Pap muaj peev xwm tsuas qhia tau rau koj tias tam sim no koj tsis muaj kab mob khees xaws lossis mob ncauj tsev menyuam. Nws tsis txhais tau tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim kho mob ncauj tsev me nyuam.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj li kev kuaj Pap yog qhov qub thiab koj qhov kev kuaj mob HPV yog qhov tsis zoo, koj txoj kev muaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam yuav nyob hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej yog.

Thaum koj muaj Pap tshwm sim zoo tab sis yog qhov zoo rau HPV, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais qhia kev soj ntsuam kom rov qab saib seb puas muaj kev hloov dab tsi. Txawm li ntawd los, tej zaum koj yuav tsis xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv rau ib xyoos.

Nco ntsoov tias, kab mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam maj mam hlob zuj zus, tsuav yog koj tab tom soj ntsuam thiab soj qab mus ntxiv, tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txhawj xeeb.

Yuav kho nws li cas?

Thaum kuaj tau tus mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam, kauj ruam tom ntej yog nrhiav paub hais tias ntev npaum li cas tus mob cancer yuav kis tau.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm theem yuav pib nrog kev sib txuas ntawm cov duab los ntsuas rau cov pov thawj ntawm tus kabmob. Koj tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim zoo ntawm cov theem tom qab kev phais mob.

Kev kho tus mob khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam nyob ntawm saib nws kis tau mus deb npaum li cas. Cov kev xaiv rau kev phais mob suav nrog:

• Ntsiab Lus: Tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav mob qog tawm ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam.
• Tag nrho cov hysterectomy: Kev tshem tawm ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam thiab lub tsev menyuam.
• Tshaj dhau hysterectomy: Kev tshem tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, lub tsev menyuam, ib feem ntawm qhov chaw mos, thiab qee qhov ncig ligaments thiab cov nqaij mos. Qhov no tseem yuav suav nrog kev tshem tawm lub zes qe menyuam, txoj hlab qe menyuam, lossis cov qog ntshav nyob ze.
• Hloov kho radical hysterectomy: Kev tshem tawm ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, lub tsev menyuam, sab sauv ntawm lub paum, qee qhov ncig thiab cov nqaij mos, thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze.
• Kev phais pob txha: Tshem tawm ntawm ncauj tsev menyuam, cov nqaij mos thiab cov qog ntshav, thiab lub paum sab saud.
• Ob leeg salpingo-oophorectomy: Tshem tawm ntawm cov zes qe menyuam thiab txoj hlab qe menyuam.
• Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Ntawm Lub Pelvic: Tshem tawm cov zais zis, qog qis, qhov quav, ntxiv rau lub ncauj tsev menyuam, lub paum, zes qe menyuam, thiab cov qog ntshav nyob ze. Kev qhib khoom cuav yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov ntws thiab tso zis thiab cov quav.

Lwm yam kev kho mob suav nrog:

• Kev siv hluav taws xob: Yuav ua kom cov phiaj thiab rhuav tshem cov mob qog noj ntshav thiab ua rau lawv loj tuaj.
• Kws khomob: Siv cheeb tsam lossis ib puag ncig kom tua tau cov kab mob qog noj ntshav.
• Hom phiaj kho: Tshuaj uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab tua tus kabmob kheesxaws yam tsis muaj teebmeem rau lub hlwb zoo.
• Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv: Cov tshuaj uas pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob cancer.
• Cov chaw kuaj mob: Txhawm rau sim cov kev kho mob tshiab tsis tau pom zoo rau kev siv dav dav.
• Palliative zov: Kho cov tsos mob thiab phiv los txhim kho lub neej tag nrho.

Puas yog nws kho puas tau?

Tau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum kuaj thiab kho thaum ntxov.

Puas yuav rov muaj tau dua?

Zoo li lwm yam mob cancer, khees xaws ncauj tsev menyuam tuaj yeem rov qab los tom qab koj tau ua tiav kev kho mob. Nws tuaj yeem rov tshwm sim ze lub ncauj tsev menyuam lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm koj lub cev. Koj yuav muaj teem caij mus ntsib rov qab saib xyuas cov cim kom rov zoo tshwm sim.

Qhov kev xam pom tag nrho yog dab tsi?

Cervical cancer yog qeeb qeeb, tab sis tus kab mob tuag taus. Cov kev soj ntsuam niaj hnub no txhais tau hais tias koj muaj peev xwm nrhiav cov kab mob hlwb uas yuav raug tshem tawm ua ntej lawv muaj feem yuav mob qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Nrog kev paub ntxov thiab kev kho mob, qhov kev pom pom yog qhov zoo heev.

Koj tuaj yeem pab txo qis koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam lossis txais nws ntxov. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog koj cov teeb meem pheej hmoo thiab koj yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas heev npaum li cas.