Ntshav hom ntshav

Txoj kev ntsuas ntshav yog ib txoj kev los qhia seb koj muaj hom ntshav dab tsi. Kev ntsuas ntshav yog ua tiav kom koj tuaj yeem pub koj cov ntshav dawb los yog txais cov ntshav ntxiv. Nws tseem yog ua los saib seb koj puas muaj ib yam khoom uas hu ua Rh factor rau ntawm koj cov ntshav liab.

Koj cov ntshav nyob ntawm seb cov protein puas nyob rau hauv koj cov ntshav liab. Cov protein no hu ua antigens. Koj cov ntshav (lossis pawg ntshav) nyob ntawm seb hom koj niam koj txiv tso tseg rau koj yog hom twg.

Feem ntau cov ntshav tau muab cais ua pab pawg raws li ABO cov ntawv txhaj ntshav. 4 hom ntshav loj yog:

• Hom A
• Hom B
• Hom AB
• Hom O

Xav tau cov ntshav ntxiv. Kev ntsuam xyuas los txiav txim koj pawg ntshav yog hu ua ABO ntaus ntawv. Koj cov ntshav ntsuas yog muab sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam hom A thiab B ntshav. Tom qab ntawd, cov hnoos qeev raug tshuaj xyuas kom pom seb cov qe ntshav sib txuam ua ke. Yog tias cov qe ntshav ua ke ua ke, nws txhais tau tias cov ntshav tiv thaiv nrog ib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Qhov thib ob theem yog hu ua rov qab ntaus ntawv. Cov kua los ntawm koj cov ntshav uas tsis muaj hlwb (ntshav dej) yog sib xyaw nrog cov ntshav uas paub tias yog hom A thiab hom B. Cov neeg muaj ntshav A muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv B. Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom B muaj anti-A tiv thaiv kab mob. Hom ntshav O muaj ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv.

2 kauj ruam saum toj no tuaj yeem txiav txim koj cov ntshav tau zoo.

Rh typing siv tus qauv zoo ib yam li ABO kev ntaus ntawv. Thaum kev txhaj ntshav tau ua tiav los saib seb koj puas tau Rh factor rau ntawm koj cov ntshav liab, cov txiaj ntsig yuav yog ib ntawm cov no:

• Rh + (zoo), yog tias koj muaj qhov cell protein ntau
• Rh- (tsis zoo), yog tias koj tsis muaj cov xovtooj ntawm cev no muaj protein ntau

Tsis muaj kev npaj tshwj xeeb yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov kev ntsuas no.

Thaum cov koob tau tso rau hauv cov ntshav, qee cov neeg hnov ​​mob me ntsis. Lwm tus ho hnov ​​tus mob lossis ceg tawv xwb. Tom qab ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov duav lossis pob me me. Tsis ntev no ploj mus.

Kev sau ntshav yog ua kom koj tuaj yeem tau txais qhov ntshav ntxiv lossis hloov ntshav. Koj cov ntshav yuav tsum thooj cov ntshav uas koj tau txais. Yog tias cov ntshav tsis sib xws:

• Koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yuav pom cov ntshav liab txaus li ntshav txawv teb chaws.
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsim los tiv thaiv cov ntshav liab coj los pab thiab tua cov qe ntshav no.

Ob txoj hauv kev uas koj cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav tso ntshav yuav tsis sib thooj yog:

• Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov hom ntshav A, B, AB, thiab O. Qhov no yog daim ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov tsis sib xws. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub cev hnyav heev.
• Rh factor yuav tsis phim.

Kev ntsuas ntshav yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thaum cev xeeb tub. Txoj kev kuaj mob siab yuav tiv thaiv tau tus mob ntshav liab tsawg hauv cov menyuam mos thiab tawv nqaij daj.

Luag yuav qhia koj tias koj muaj hom ntshav ABO twg. Nws yuav yog ib qho ntawm cov no:

• Hom A ntshav
• Hom B ntshav
• Hom ntshav ntshav AB
• Hom O ntshav

Lawv tseem yuav qhia koj tias koj puas muaj Rh-positive ntshav lossis Rh-negative ntshav.

Raws li koj cov txiaj ntsig, koj cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab saib koj yuav txais hom ntshav twg:

• Yog tias koj muaj ntshav A hom, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais hom ntshav hom A thiab O.
• Yog tias koj muaj ntshav hom B, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav hom B thiab O.
• Yog tias koj muaj ntshav AB hom, koj tuaj yeem txais hom A, B, AB, thiab O ntshav.
• Yog tias koj muaj hom ntshav O, koj tsuas tuaj yeem txais hom ntshav O.
• Yog tias koj yog Rh +, koj tuaj yeem tau txais Rh + lossis Rh- ntshav.
• Yog tias koj yog Rh-, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav Rh-blood.

Hom ntshav O tuaj yeem muab rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj hom ntshav. Yog li ntawv thiaj li hais tias cov neeg muaj ntshav hom O hu ua neeg muab ntshav.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo me ntsis nrog kev coj koj cov ntshav mus. Cov leeg thiab cov hlab ntsha sib txawv raws li ib tug neeg mus rau lwm tus, thiab los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev mus rau lwm qhov. Noj ntshav los ntawm qee tus neeg yuav nyuaj dua li lwm tus.

Lwm yam kev phom sij los cuam tshuam nrog kev kos ntshav me ntsis, tab sis yuav suav nrog:

• Tsaus muag lossis hnov ​​nkaus lub teeb
• Ntau cov punctures los nrhiav cov leeg ntshav
• Los ntshav ntau
• Hematoma (ntshav buildup hauv qab daim tawv nqaij)
• Kev kis tus kab mob (muaj kev pheej hmoo me me txhua lub sijhawm ntawm daim tawv tawg)

Muaj ntau cov tshuaj antigens dua li ntawm cov kabmob loj (A, B, thiab Rh). Coob tus cov me tsis tau kuaj pom thaum kuaj ntshav. Yog tias lawv tsis pom, koj tseem tuaj yeem muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tau txais qee hom ntshav, txawm tias A, B, thiab Rh antigens tau sib xyaw.

Tus txheej txheem hu ua cross-txuam ua tom qab los ntawm Coombs kev xeem tuaj yeem pab xyuas cov me antigens no. Nws ua tiav ua ntej hloov ntshav, tshwj tsis yog thaum muaj xwm ceev.

Hla sib txuam; Rh typing; ABO ntshav ntaus ntawv; ABO cov ntshav hom; Ib hom ntshav; AB cov ntshav hom; O cov ntshav hom; Hloov ntshav - kev txhaj ntshav

• Erythroblastosis fetalis - photomicrograph
• Hom ntshav

Segal GV, Tos MA. Ntshav cov khoom lag luam thiab ntshav ntshav. Hauv: Fowler GC, ed. Pfenninger thiab Fowler Cov Txheej Txheem rau Thawj Tus Saib XyuasCov. 4 tug ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 234.

Shaz BH, Hilyer CD. Transfusion tshuaj. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil TshuajCov. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 167.

Westhoff CM, Storry JR, Shaz BH. Tib neeg cov ntshav pawg antigens thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, li al, eds. Hematology: Qhov Ntsiab Cai thiab Kev Coj UaCov. 7 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 110.