Congenital cataract

Qhov mob qog tawm ntawm lub qhov muag yog qhov lo ntawm lub ntsiab muag ntawm lub qhov muag uas tshwm sim thaum yug los. Lub lens ntawm lub qhov muag yog feem ntau meej. Nws tsom pom lub teeb uas los rau hauv lub qhov muag mus rau qhov retina.

Tsis zoo li feem ntau cataracts, uas tshwm sim nrog kev laus, kab mob cataracts tshwm sim thaum yug los.

Congenital cataracts muaj tsawg. Hauv cov tib neeg feem coob, tsis muaj ib qho laj thawj yuav nrhiav pom.

Kab mob txha cajqees feem ntau tshwm sim ua ib feem ntawm cov kev xeeb hauv qab no:

• Chondrodysplasia mob ntsws
• Congenital rubella
• Conradi-Hünermann mob ntsws
• Mob syndrome (trisomy 21)
• Cov mob raum Ectodermal dysplasia
• Kev pom kev sib kis mob dev mub
• Galactosemia
• Cov kab mob Hallermann-Streiff syndrome
• Lowe syndrome
• Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome
• Cov mob Pierre-Robin mob
• Kev Sib Tw 13

Congenital cataracts feem ntau saib txawv dua li lwm hom kev tawm ntawm cataract.

Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Ib tug menyuam mos tsis zoo li yuav pom tau thoob lub ntiaj teb puag ncig lawv (yog tias cataracts nyob rau hauv ob lub qhov muag)
• Grey lossis dawb cloudiness ntawm tus menyuam (uas yog ib txwm dub)
• Qhov "liab qhov muag" ci ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm uas ploj lawm hauv cov duab, lossis txawv ntawm 2 lub qhov muag
• Qhov muag ceev uas tsis txawv txav (nystagmus)

Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kab mob qog nqaij hlav tawm, tus menyuam mos yuav tsum kuaj qhov muag tag nrho los ntawm kws kho qhov muag. Tus menyuam mos kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus menyuam yaus uas tau paub txog kev kho mob hauv kev tsis taus. Kev kuaj ntshav lossis xoo hluav taws xob kuj tseem xav tau.

Yog tias cov mob hnoos qeev me me thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau lub zeem muag, lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho, tshwj xeeb yog hais tias lawv nyob hauv ob lub qhov muag.

Kev tiv thaiv mob hnyav nruab nrab mus txog rau qhov pom kev zoo, lossis cataract uas tsuas yog hauv 1 lub qhov muag xwb, yuav tsum tau kho cov kev phais mob tshem tawm cataract. Hauv kev phais feem ntau (noncongenital) cataract phais, tsom iav tsom iav (IOL) tso rau hauv lub qhov muag. Kev siv IOL hauv cov menyuam mos yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog tsis muaj IOL, tus menyuam yuav xav looj tsom iav qhov muag.

Patching yuam kom tus menyuam siv qhov muag tsis muaj zog yog feem ntau xav tau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv amblyopia.

Tus menyuam mos kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kho kom tus mob muaj cuab kav ua rau mob cataracts.

Tshem tawm kev tawm tsam mob caj dab thaum yav sawv ntxov mas feem ntau yog kev nyab xeeb, kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tus me nyuam yuav tau rov taug qab txog kev kho qhov muag. Cov menyuam mos feem ntau muaj qee theem ntawm "lub qhov muag tub nkeeg" (amblyopia) ua ntej kev phais mob thiab yuav tsum tau siv hnab looj.

Nrog rau kev phais mob cataract muaj qhov pheej hmoo me me ntawm:

• Ntshav
• Kab mob
• O

Cov menyuam mos uas tau phais mob qog nqaij hlav tawm yuav ua rau lwm yam kev kub hnyiab, uas tej zaum yuav tau muaj kev phais ntxiv lossis kho laser.

Ntau yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog mob qog nqaij hlav kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lwm yam kabmob.

Hu teem sijhawm sai sai nrog koj tus menyuam tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yog tias:

• Koj pom tias tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm ib lossis ob lub qhov muag zoo nkaus li dawb lossis huab.
• Tus me nyuam zoo li tsis quav ntsej ib feem ntawm lawv lub ntiaj teb kev pom.

Yog tias koj muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev mob tshwm sim uas yuav ua rau mob caj dab ua paug, tawm tswv yim mus nrhiav kev pab tawm tswv yim.

Cataract - congenital

• Qhov muag
• Cataract - ze-ntawm lub qhov muag
• Rubella mob
• Cuag suav

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob pom. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil TshuajCov. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 395.

Rge FH. Kev kuaj mob thiab cov teeb meem tshwm sim hauv lub qhov muag neonatal. Hauv: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff thiab Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal TshuajCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 95.

Wevill M. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, ua rau, morphology, thiab pom ntawm cataract. Hauv: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. OphthalmologyCov. Thib 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 5.3.