Mob ntshav qab zib thiab kab mob qhov muag

Mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag. Nws tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntsha me nyob hauv retina, qhov seem rov qab ntawm koj lub qhov muag. Tus mob no yog hu ua mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy.

Mob ntshav qab zib kuj tseem yuav muaj feem ua mob txhawm rau txhawm chim, cataracts, thiab lwm yam teeb meem qhov muag.

Tus mob retinopathy yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ntshav qab zib mus rau cov hlab ntshav ntawm tus neeg retina. Retina yog txheej ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv qab ntawm lub qhov muag sab hauv. Nws hloov pauv lub teeb thiab cov duab uas nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag mus rau cov hlab hlwb, uas xa mus rau lub hlwb.

Tus mob retinopathy mob ntshav qab zib yog qhov tseem ceeb uas ua rau tsis pom kev lossis dig muag hauv cov neeg Asmeskas hnub nyoog 20 txog 74 xyoo. Cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 lossis hom 2 muaj qhov pheej hmoo rau tus mob no.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim mob hlwb thiab muaj daim ntawv hnyav dua yog muaj ntau dua thaum:

• Koj tau mob ntshav qab zib tau ntev heev.
• Koj cov piam thaj hauv ntshav (qabzib) tau ua haujlwm tsis tau zoo.
• Koj kuj haus luam yeeb lossis koj muaj ntshav siab lossis roj ntshav siab.

Yog tias koj twb muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab ntshav hauv koj lub qhov muag lawm, qee qhov kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem ua rau cov teebmeem hnyav dua. Nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej pib ua cov kev tawm dag zog.

Lwm cov teeb meem qhov muag uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib muaj xws li:

• Cataract - Cloudiness ntawm lub ntsiab muag lens.
• Glaucoma - Ua kom pom tseeb ntxiv hauv qhov muag uas tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.
• Macular edema - Qhov pom kev plooj plooj vim muaj dej ntws mus rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov retina uas tau pom lub zeem muag hauv nruab nrab.
• Retinal detachment - Cov nqaij ntuag uas tuaj yeem ua rau ib feem ntawm qhov retina kom rub tawm ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm koj lub qhov muag.

Mob ntshav qab zib siab heev lossis hloov pauv sai hauv cov ntshav qab zib cov ntshav feem ntau ua rau lub zeem muag tsis pom kev. Qhov no yog vim tias lub lens nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov muag tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv lub ntsej muag thaum nws muaj suab thaj ntau thiab dej hauv lub lens. Qhov no tsis yog tib qho teeb meem zoo li kuaj ntshav qab zib ua kom rov qab zoo.

Feem ntau, cov kab mob ntshav qab zib ua tsis muaj tsos mob kom txog thaum kev puas tsuaj rau koj lub qhov muag loj. Qhov no yog vim tias kev puas tsuaj rau ntau ntau ntawm cov retina tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua ntej koj lub zeem muag cuam tshuam.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy muaj xws li:

• Ua kom pom kev tsaus muag thiab lub zeem muag tsis pom kev thaum sijhawm
• Ntab Dej
• Duab ntxoov ntxoo lossis ploj qhov chaw ntawm lub zeem muag
• Teeb meem pom kev thaum hmo ntuj

Coob leej neeg muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib ua ntej yuav tsis muaj tsos mob ua ntej los ntshav tshwm sim hauv qhov muag. Vim li no txhua tus uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum mus kuaj qhov muag tsis tu ncua.

Koj tus kws kho qhov muag yuav kuaj koj ob lub qhov muag. Tej zaum yuav kom koj nyeem thawj daim ntawv qhia ua qhov muag ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tau txais kev tso qhov muag los ua kom pom cov tub kawm ntawm koj lub qhov muag. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj kev sim:

• Ntsuas cov kua dej hauv koj lub qhov muag (ntsuas)
• Kuaj cov qauv hauv koj ob lub qhov muag (lub teeb tsom mus ntawm lub teeb)
• Kev kuaj thiab thaij koj cov duab kos (fluorescein angiography)

Yog tias koj muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib ua ntu zus thaum ntxov (tsis mob siab), tus kws kho qhov muag yuav pom:

• Cov hlab ntsha hauv lub qhov muag loj dua hauv qee qhov chaw me (hu ua microaneurysms)
• Cov hlab ntsha uas txhaws
• Qhov ntshav me me (tso tawm los ntshav) thiab cov kua dej tawm tuaj rau hauv qhov muaj ntshav

Yog tias koj tau ua tiav qib siab ntxiv (nthuav dav), tus kws kho qhov muag pom:

• Cov hlab ntsha tshiab pib loj zuj zus hauv lub qhov muag uas tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau cov ntshav tau
• Cov nti me me ua rau lub retina thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub qhov muag (lub ntsej muag)

Qhov kev kuaj xyuas no txawv ntawm mus rau tus kws kho qhov muag (kws kho qhov muag) kom kuaj qhov muag thiab saib seb koj puas xav tau tsom iav tshiab. Yog tias koj pom qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zeem muag thiab mus ntsib kws kho qhov muag, nco ntsoov koj qhia tus kws kho mob tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib.

Cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib ua hauj lwm thaum ntxov yuav tsis xav tau kev kho mob. Tab sis lawv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kws kho qhov muag uas tau kawm los kho cov kab mob ntshav qab zib.

Thaum koj tus kws kho mob qhov muag pom txog cov hlab ntshav tshiab loj zuj zus hauv koj qhov retina (neovascularization) lossis koj txhim kho macular edema, feem ntau xav tau kev kho mob.

Qhov muag phais yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kho tus mob ntshav qab zib.

• Kev phais qhov muag laser tsim ib qho kev hlawv me me hauv qhov chaw ntawm retina qhov uas muaj cov hlab ntshav tsis txaus. Tus txheej txheem no hu ua photocoagulation. Nws raug siv los ua kom cov hlab ntsha tsis txhob xau, los yog ntsws qis ntawm cov ntsha.
• Kev phais mob hu ua vitrectomy yog siv thaum muaj ntshav (los ntshav) rau hauv lub qhov muag. Nws kuj tseem siv los kho qhov rov ua kom zoo nkauj.

Cov tshuaj uas tau txhaj rau lub qhov muag yuav pab tiv thaiv kom cov leeg ntshav tsis txhob nthuav dav.

Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob qhov muag cov lus qhia txog kev tiv thaiv koj lub zeem muag. Tau kuaj qhov muag raws li kev pom zoo, feem ntau ib zaug txhua 1 txog 2 xyoos.

Yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib thiab koj cov ntshav qab zib tau siab heev, koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov tshuaj tshiab rau koj kom txo koj cov ntshav qab zib kom qis. Yog tias koj muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib, koj lub zeem muag yuav pom tsis zoo thaum lub sijhawm luv luv thaum koj pib noj tshuaj uas pab txhim kho koj cov ntshav qab zib kom sai.

Muaj ntau cov peev txheej tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab ntau txog ntshav qab zib. Koj tseem tuaj yeem kawm txog txoj hauv kev los tswj koj cov ntshav qab zib ua kom rov qab zoo dua.

• American Diabetes Association - www.diabetes.org
• Teb chaws cov koom haum ntshav qab zib thiab lub plab thiab lub raum mob - www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes
• Tiv Thaiv Qhov Muag Dig Muag America - www.preventblindness.org

Tswj koj cov ntshav qab zib yuav pab txo tus kab mob ntshav qab zib ua kom qeeb thiab lwm qhov muag teeb meem. Tswj koj cov ntshav qab zib (qabzib) theem raws:

• Noj zaub mov zoo
• Ua kom ib ce muaj zog tas li
• Kuaj koj cov piam thaj hauv ntshav kom ntau raws li koj tus kws kho mob ntshav qab zib qhia thiab khaws koj tus lej cia kom koj paub cov zaub mov thiab cov haujlwm uas cuam tshuam rau koj li ntshav qab zib cov ntshav
• Noj tshuaj los yog tshuaj insulin raws li qhia

Cov kev kho mob tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis pom kev. Lawv tsis kho tus mob ntshav qab zib los yog thim rov qab cov kev hloov uas twb tau tshwm sim lawm.

Tus kab mob rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev zoo thiab dig muag.

Hu mus teem sijhawm nrog kws kho qhov muag (kws kho qhov muag) yog tias koj muaj ntshav qab zib thiab koj tsis tau ntsib tus kws kho qhov muag xyoo dhau los.

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias muaj cov tsos mob hauv qab no yog qhov tshiab lossis ua qhov tsis zoo:

• Koj tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo hauv qhov kaj.
• Koj tau dig muag.
• Koj muaj ob lub zeem muag (koj pom ob yam thaum tsuas muaj ib).
• Koj lub zeem muag tsis meej pem lossis plooj plooj thiab koj tsis tuaj yeem tsom.
• Koj tau mob hauv ib qho ntawm koj qhov muag.
• Koj yuav mob taub hau.
• Koj pom pob khoom ntab hauv koj lub qhov muag.
• Koj tsis tuaj yeem pom cov khoom ntawm sab koj thaj teb ntawm lub zeem muag.
• Koj pom cov duab ntxoo.

Kev tswj ntshav qab zib tau zoo, ntshav siab thiab ntshav siab yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv tus mob ntshav qab zib ua kom rov qab zoo.

TSIS TXHOB haus luam yeeb. Yog koj xav tau kev pab txiav, nug koj tus kws kho mob.

Cov poj niam muaj ntshav qab zib uas cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag ntau zaus thaum cev xeeb tub thiab rau ib xyoos tom qab yug menyuam.

Retinopathy - ntshav qab zib; Photocoagulation - retina; Mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy

• Mob ntshav qab zib kho qhov muag
• Ntsuas ntshav qab zib thiab kuaj mob
• Ntshav qab zib Hom 2 - dab tsi yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob

• Saj zuaj-teeb lub teeb
• Mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy

Koom Haum Asmeskas Mob Ntshav Qab Zib. 11. Microvascular cov teeb meem thiab kev saib xyuas ko taw: cov qauv kev kho mob hauv ntshav qab zib - 2020. Ntshav Qab Zib Kho Mob. 2020; 43 (Cov Khoom Siv 1): S135-S151. PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

Lim JI. Mob ntshav qab zib retinopathy. Hauv: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. Thib 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 6.22.

Skugor M. Cov Ntshav Qab Zib mellitus. Hauv: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. Ryan's Retina. 6 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 49.