Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-19: nws yuav ua haujlwm li cas thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim

Zoo Siab

• Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Mob-19 Ua Li Cas
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm zoo li cas?
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tiv thaiv tus kabmob sib txawv tshiab?
• Thaum thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tuaj txog
• Cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Brazil
• Txoj kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Portugal
• Yuav ua li cas paub yog tias koj yog ib feem ntawm pawg neeg pheej hmoo
• Leej twg thiaj li tau txais COVID-19 tuaj yeem tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv?
• Muaj kev phiv ntau
• Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
• Ntsuam xyuas koj cov kev paub
• Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv-19: sim koj qhov kev paub!

Ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tab tom raug kawm thiab tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb los sim tawm tsam kev sib kis loj heev los ntawm tus kab mob coronavirus tshiab. Txog tam sim no, tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Pfizer tau pom zoo los ntawm WHO, tab sis ntau lwm tus tseem nyob rau hauv kev txheeb xyuas.

6 koob tshuaj tiv thaiv uas qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws:

• Pfizer thiab BioNTech (BNT162): Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv North American thiab German tau ua tiav 90% nyob rau qib 3 kev kawm;
• Niaj hnub (mRNA-1273): North American cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 94.5% pib hauv theem 3 cov kev tshawb fawb;
• Kev Tshawb Fawb Gamaleya (Sputnik V): Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Lavxias yog 91.6% tiv thaiv COVID-19;
• AstraZeneca thiab Oxford University (AZD1222): cov lus Askiv txhaj tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv kev kawm 3 hauv qib 1 thiab hauv thawj theem nws pom 70.4% ua tau zoo;
• Sinovac (Coronavac): Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Suav tau tsim muaj hauv kev sib koom tes nrog Butantan Institute qhia pom tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 78% rau kev mob me thiab 100% rau mob hnyav thiab mob hnyav;
• Johnson & Johnson (JNJ-78436735): raws li cov kev tshawb pom thawj zaug, North American cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo li ntawm 66 txog 85%, thiab tus nqi no txawv raws lub teb chaws uas nws tau thov.

Ntxiv rau cov no, lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li NVX-CoV2373, los ntawm Novavax, Ad5-nCoV, los ntawm CanSino lossis Covaxin, los ntawm Bharat Biotech, kuj tseem nyob rau theem 3 ntawm kev kawm, tab sis tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig.

Dr. Esper Kallas, kis kab mob thiab tag nrho cov xibfwb ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Kab Mob Parasitic ntawm FMUSP qhia meej txog lub ntsiab kev tsis txaus siab hais txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv:

Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Mob-19 Ua Li Cas

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 tau tsim raws 3 hom kev siv thev naus laus zis:

• Kev kawm tshuab caj ceg ntawm cov tub txib RNA: yog lub thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov tsiaj thiab uas ua rau lub hlwb noj qab haus huv hauv lub cev tsim cov protein tib yam uas tus kabmob coronavirus siv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlwb. Ua li ntawd, lub cev thev naus laus zis tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas, thaum lub sijhawm muaj tus kab mob, tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov protein ntawm tus mob coronavirus tseeb thiab tiv thaiv tus kab mob ntawm kev tsim. Nov yog qhov thev naus laus zis siv hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm Pfizer thiab Moderna;
• Kev siv hloov kho adenoviruses: muaj kev siv adenoviruses, uas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub cev, thiab hloov kho rau lawv kom muaj kev hloov kho kom lawv ua zoo ib yam li muaj tus kabmob coronavirus, tab sis tsis muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov no ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kev cob qhia thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm tus kab mob thaum muaj kev kis mob. Nov yog qhov thev naus laus zis hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm Astrazeneca, Sputnik V thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm Johnson & Johnson;
• Kev siv tus kab mob coronavirus inactivated: daim ntawv tiv thaiv tus kabmob tshiab no tsis ua haujlwm siv uas tsis ua rau muaj kabmob lossis teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv, tabsis uas ua rau lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog los tua tus kabmob.

Tag nrho cov kev ntawm kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab twb tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lwm cov kab mob.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm zoo li cas?

Tus nqi ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv yog suav raws li cov neeg kis tus mob thiab tus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piv rau cov tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab cov uas tau txais cov placebo.

Piv txwv, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv Pfizer, 44,000 cov neeg tau kawm thiab, ntawm pawg ntawd, tsuas yog 94 tus neeg tau tsim los ua COVID-19. Ntawm cov 94, 9 yog cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, thaum seem 85 yog cov neeg uas tau txais cov placebo thiab yog li tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Raws li cov nuj nqis no, qhov ua tau hauj lwm tus nqi yog kwv yees li 90%.

Nkag siab zoo dua tias cov placebo yog dab tsi thiab nws yog rau dab tsi.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv puas tiv thaiv tus kabmob sib txawv tshiab?

Raws li kev kawm ua tiav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm Pfizer thiab BioNTech^[3], Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kho los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom tias tseem muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kabmob sib txawv tshiab, ob lub tebchaws Askiv thiab South Africa kev sib hloov.

Ib qho ntxiv, kev kawm tseem qhia ntxiv tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm 15 tus kabmob.

Thaum thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tuaj txog

Nws cia siab tias thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 yuav pib muab faib rau thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2021. Qhov no tsuas yog ua tau vim muaj kev tsim ntau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau kev txhaj tshuaj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas tsis tas yuav mus thoob txhua qhov kev pom zoo tau hais los ntawm LEEJ TWG.

Hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj thiab raws li WHO, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tso tawm rau cov pej xeem tom qab ua tiav cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:

1. Lub chaw sim tshuaj uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ua cov kev tshawb fawb loj nyob rau theem 3 uas qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nyab xeeb thiab ua kom tau zoo;
2. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam los ntawm cov koom haum ywj pheej los ntawm chav kuaj, suav nrog lub teb chaws txoj cai tswj hwm lub cev, uas yog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Brazil yog Anvisa, thiab hauv Portugal Infarmed;
3. Ib pawg kws tshawb fawb xaiv los ntawm WHO txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm txhua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tau zoo, nrog rau kev npaj seb yuav siv txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv li cas;
4. Cov neeg txhaj tshuaj pom zoo los ntawm WHO yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsim ntau ntau;
5. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem muab faib rau txhua lub teb chaws uas muaj kev nruj heev.

LEEJ TWG tau koom tes los xyuas kom cov txheej txheem pom zoo rau txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai li sai tau, thiab cov neeg tswj hwm hauv txhua lub tebchaws tau pom zoo tso cai tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19.

Hauv tebchaws Brazil, Anvisa pom zoo txog kev tso cai ib ntus thiab xwm txheej ceev uas tso cai rau qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siv sai dua nyob rau qee pawg neeg ntawm cov pejxeem. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov kev cai yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem muab faib los ntawm SUS.

Cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Brazil

Hauv qhov phiaj xwm xub thawj raug tso tawm los ntawm Ministry of Health^[1], kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav muab faib ua 4 ntu kom ncav cuag cov pab pawg tseem ceeb, txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov kho tshiab tau qhia tias kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tau nyob rau hauv 3 qib:

• Theem 1 theem: cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv, cov neeg laus dua 75, cov neeg hauv paus txawm thiab cov neeg laus dua 60 xyoo uas nyob hauv cov tuam txhab yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
• Theem Thib 2: tib neeg tshaj 60 xyoo yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• Theem 3 theem: cov neeg uas muaj lwm yam kab mob yuav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kis los ntawm COVID-19, xws li mob ntshav qab zib, tawg, mob raum, thiab lwm yam;

Tom qab cov pab pawg pheej hmoo tseem ceeb tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 yuav ua rau muaj cov pej xeem seem.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau pom zoo rau kev siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev los ntawm Anvisa yog Coronavac, tsim los ntawm Butantan lub koom haum koom tes nrog Sinovac, thiab AZD1222, tsim tawm los ntawm AstraZeneca laboratory hauv kev koom tes nrog University of Oxford.

Txoj kev npaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Portugal

Cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv Portugal^[2] taw qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum pib muab faib rau thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis, ua raws cov lus qhia pom zoo los ntawm Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Tshuaj Hauv Tebchaws.

3 ntu kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog npaj rau:

• Theem 1 theem: cov kws tshaj lij kev noj qab haus huv, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev laus thiab cov tsev tu neeg mob, cov tub txawg hauv cov tub rog, kev ruaj ntseg thiab cov neeg laus dua 50 xyoo thiab nrog rau lwm cov kab mob cuam tshuam;
• Theem Thib 2: tib neeg tshaj 65 xyoos;
• Theem 3 theem: cov neeg nyob ntxiv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav muab pub dawb tsis raug nqi ntawm chaw kho mob thiab ntawv tshaj tawm txhaj tshuaj hauv NHS.

Yuav ua li cas paub yog tias koj yog ib feem ntawm pawg neeg pheej hmoo

Txhawm rau kom paub yog tias koj nyob hauv ib pawg neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo loj ntawm kev tsim mob loj cov kev tiv thaiv COVID-19, ua qhov kev sim online:

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Pib xeem Poj niam txiv neej:

• Tus txiv neej
• Pojniam Hmoob

Hnub nyoog: Nyhav: Qhov siab: Hauv meters. Koj puas muaj mob nyhav?

• Tsis yog
• Mob ntshav qab zib
• Tawg siab
• Mob Cancer
• Kab mob plawv
• Lwm yam

Koj puas muaj tus kabmob uas cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev?

• Tsis yog
• Lupus
• Ntau yam sclerosis
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• HIV / AIDS
• Lwm yam

Koj puas muaj Down syndrome?

• Aws
• Tsis yog

Koj puas yog tus neeg haus luam yeeb?

• Aws
• Tsis yog

Koj puas tau hloov ntshav?

• Aws
• Tsis yog

Koj puas siv tshuaj?

• Tsis yog
• Corticosteroids, xws li Prednisolone
• Immunosuppressants, xws li Cyclosporine
• Lwm yam

Yav dhau los Tom ntej

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias qhov kev ntsuas no qhia tau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim muaj cov kev mob nyhav heev yog tias koj kis rau COVID-19 thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus mob. Qhov no yog vim tias, kev pheej hmoo kis tus mob tsis nce vim keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv, tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog kev coj ua txhua hnub, xws li tsis tswj kev sib raug zoo, tsis ntxuav tes lossis siv daim npog tiv thaiv ib leeg.

Txheeb xyuas txhua yam koj tuaj yeem ua kom txo qis koj qhov kev pheej hmoo txhawm rau tau txais COVID-19.

Leej twg thiaj li tau txais COVID-19 tuaj yeem tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv?

Cov lus qhia yog tias txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yam nyab xeeb, tsis hais seb puas muaj tus kab mob qub los yog QHI-19 yav dhau los. Txawm hais tias kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias tom qab kis tus kabmob lub cev tsim kev tiv thaiv tus kabmob ntawm yam kabmob tsawg kawg 90 hnub, lwmyam kev tshawb fawb tseem qhia tau tias kev txhaj tshuaj tivthaiv kabmob muaj txog 3 zaug ntau dua.

Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj tiav los ntawm koob tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog txiav txim siab ua haujlwm tom qab txhaj tshuaj tag.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tau muaj kev kis tus kabmob dhau los nrog COVID-19, nws raug nquahu kom txuas ntxiv ua tus ntsuas kev tiv thaiv tus kheej, xws li hnav lub npog ntsej muag, nquag ntxuav tes thiab sib nrug.

Muaj kev phiv ntau

Kuj tseem tsis tau paub meej txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tseem tsis tau paub. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev tshawb fawb nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua los ntawm Pfizer-BioNTech thiab Moderna chav kuaj, cov teebmeem no tshwm sim suav nrog:

• Mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
• Nkees dhau heev;
• Mob taub hau;
• Dos Nqaij;
• Ua npaws thiab ua daus no;
• Mob tej pob txha.

Cov kev mob tshwm sim no zoo ib yam li lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob ua npaws, piv txwv.

Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nce ntxiv, nws cia siab tias yuav muaj kev phiv tshuaj ntau dua, xws li muaj kev phiv tshuaj, yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qee cov qauv ntawm cov qauv.

Leej twg yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm kev tsis haum tshuaj loj rau ib qho twg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntxiv rau, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau ua tsuas yog tom qab tus kws kho mob tau tshuaj xyuas nws hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo, cov pojniam xeeb tub thiab cov pojniam muaj menyuam pub mis.

Cov neeg mob uas siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los yog cov neeg mob autoimmune yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob tau saib xyuas.

Ntsuam xyuas koj cov kev paub

Ntsuam xyuas koj qhov kev paub ntawm cov ntawv tiv thaiv COVID-19 thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm qee qhov kev npau suav feem ntau:

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Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv-19: sim koj qhov kev paub!

Pib xeem Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim sai heev, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj kev nyab xeeb.

• Tiag. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim sai heev thiab tsis cuam tshuam txog txhua yam tshwm sim.
• Tsis tseeb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim kho sai heev tab sis tau dhau los ua ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas nruj, uas tuaj yeem lav nws qhov kev nyab xeeb.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov muaj pheej hmoo ua rau muaj kev mob hnyav, xws li mob vwm lossis muaj peev xwm ntxiv lawm.

• Tiag. Muaj ntau ntau cov lus qhia ntawm cov neeg uas tau tsim muaj mob nyav tom qab siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Tsis tseeb. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas ua rau muaj mob tshwm sim me me, xws li mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ua npaws, nkees thiab mob leeg, uas ploj hauv ob peb hnub.

Ib tug neeg twg uas muaj COVID-19 kuj yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

• Tiag. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 yuav tsum tau nqa los ntawm txhua tus neeg, txawm tias cov neeg uas twb tau kis lawm.
• Tsis tseeb. Ib tug neeg twg uas muaj COVID-19 tiv thaiv tus kab mob lawm thiab tsis tas yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws txhua xyoo tsis tiv thaiv COVID-19.

• Tiag. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob ua npaws txhua xyoo tsuas yog tiv thaiv tus khaub thuas zoo li khaub thuas xwb.
• Tsis tseeb. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev mob ua npaws tiv thaiv ntau hom kab mob, nrog rau tus kabmob tshiab.

Cov uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav tsum ua lwm yam kev ceev faj ntxiv, xws li ntxuav tes lossis hnav looj ntsej muag.

• Tiag. Txij lub sijhawm mus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev kis tus kabmob, lossis tsis kis tus kabmob, thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev saib xyuas ntxiv.
• Tsis tseeb. Qhov kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siv ob peb hnub los tshwm tom qab koob tshuaj kawg. Ib qho ntxiv, tswj kev saib xyuas yuav pab kom tsis txhob kis tus kabmob mus rau lwm tus uas tseem tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tuaj yeem ua rau kis mob tom qab nws siv.

• Tiag. Qee hom tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 muaj qee cov me me ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob.
• Tsis tseeb. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas siv ntau qhov ntawm tus kab mob no, siv ib daim ntawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua tsis muaj peev xwm ua rau txhua yam kev kis mob hauv lub cev.

Yav dhau los Tom ntej