Piav txog Proto-Oncogenes piav txog

Zoo Siab

• Proto-oncogene thiab oncogene
• Muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov proto-oncogenes
• Cov tshuaj proto-oncogenes tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav tau?
• Piv txwv ntawm proto-oncogenes
• Ras
• HER2
• Myc
• Cyclin D
• Cov nqa mus

Tshuaj proto-oncogene yog dab tsi?

Koj cov noob keeb ua raws keeb kwm ntawm DNA uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau koj lub hlwb ua haujlwm thiab loj hlob zoo. Cov noob muaj cov lus qhia (cov lej cim) qhia ib lub xovtooj ntawm ua ib hom protein. Txhua cov protein muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm hauv lub cev.

A proto-oncogene yog ib qho gene ib txwm pom nyob hauv lub cell. Muaj ntau ntau proto-oncogenes. Txhua tus muaj lub luag haujlwm ua cov protein koom nrog kev loj hlob ntawm tes, kev faib khoom, thiab lwm cov txheej txheem hauv lub cell. Feem ntau, cov noob no ua haujlwm raws li qhov lawv xav, tab sis qee zaum qee yam mus tsis zoo.

Yog tias muaj qhov ua yuam kev (hloov zuj zus) tshwm sim hauv kev tiv thaiv proto-oncogene, lub noob yuav rov qab qhib thaum tsis xav tias yuav muab tua. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, cov proto-oncogene tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo uas hu ua an oncogeneCov. Cov hlwb yuav pib loj hlob tuaj ntawm kev tswj tsis tau. Kev tswj tsis tau cell loj tuaj ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Proto-oncogene thiab oncogene

Proto-oncogenes yog cov noob ib txwm muaj uas pab cov hlwb loj tuaj. Ib qho oncogene yog ib lub noob uas ua rau mob cancer.

Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog tswj tsis tau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tes. Vim tias proto-oncogenes koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tes, lawv tuaj yeem tig mus rau oncogenes thaum muaj kev sib hloov (yuam kev) mus tas li ua kom cov gene.

Hauv lwm lo lus, oncogenes yog hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm proto-oncogenes. Feem ntau, tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua, oncogenes hauv lub cev tshwm sim los ntawm proto-oncogenes.

Muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov proto-oncogenes

Proto-oncogenes yog cov pab pawg ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv tsev. Lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau koj lub cev ua cov protein ua lub luag haujlwm:

• stimulating cell faib
• inhibiting cell sib txawv
• tiv thaiv apoptosis (kev tuag ntawm tes)

Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kev loj hlob thiab rau kev tswj cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob hauv koj lub cev kom zoo.

Cov tshuaj proto-oncogenes tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav tau?

Ib qho proto-oncogene tsis tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev sib hloov tshwm sim hauv cov gene uas hloov nws mus ua oncogene.

Thaum kev sib hloov tshwm sim hauv cov proto-oncogene, nws tiav niam txiv tig mus (qhib kev). Lub noob yuav pib ua cov protein ntau dhau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tes. Kev loj hlob ntawm tes tshwm sim tswj tsis tau. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv txhais ntawm cov qog ntshav qog.

Txhua tus neeg muaj proto-oncogenes hauv lawv lub cev. Qhov tseeb, proto-oncogenes yog qhov tsim nyog rau peb txoj kev muaj sia nyob. Proto-oncogenes tsuas yog ua rau mob qog noj ntshav thaum muaj kev sib hloov tshwm sim hauv cov gene uas ua rau muaj cov gene hloov mus tas li. Qhov no yog hu ua kev nce ntxiv ntawm-qhov ua haujlwm hloov mus.

Cov kev sib pauv no tseem suav tias yog kev hloov pauv loj. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tsuas yog muaj ib daim qauv ntawm cov gene yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom thiaj li muaj mob cancer.

Muaj tsawg kawg peb yam sib txawv ntawm kev nce-ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev proto-oncogene los ua oncogene:

• Taw tes hloov tau. Qhov kev hloov pauv no hloov, nkag mus, lossis tshem tawm tsuas yog ib lossis ob peb nucleotides hauv ib qib kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob, hauv cov haujlwm ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov proto-oncogene.
• Kev ua kom nrov nrov. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau cov ntawv theej ntxiv ntawm tus gene.
• Lub chaw tshem tawm Chromosomal. Qhov no yog thaum lub gene hloov mus rau thaj chaw tshiab chromosomal uas ua rau muaj kev qhia ntau dua.

Raws li cov American Cancer Society, feem ntau ntawm cov kev pauv hloov uas ua rau mob cancer tau, tsis yog los ntawm muaj caj ces. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias koj tsis yog yug los ntawm lub noob yuam kev. Hloov chaw, qhov kev hloov tau tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov hauv koj lub neej.

Qee qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis mob nrog ib hom kab mob hu ua retrovirus. Hluav taws xob tawg, haus luam yeeb, thiab lwm cov pa phem ib puag ncig kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov proto-oncogenes. Ib yam, qee tus neeg muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov proto-oncogenes.

Piv txwv ntawm proto-oncogenes

Tshaj 40 yam tshuaj proto-oncogenes tau pom hauv tib neeg lub cev. Piv txwv li:

Ras

Thawj qhov proto-oncogene kom pom tias tig mus rau hauv oncogene yog hu ua Ras.

Ras encodes cov cim ntawm kev sib kis protein ntau sib npaug. Hauv lwm lo lus, Ras yog ib qho ntawm / qhib cov nyees khawm nyob hauv cov kab sib txuas ntawm txoj hauv kev loj uas thaum kawg ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm tes. Thaum Ras yog mutated, nws encodes rau ib cov protein uas ua rau kev tswj tsis pub muaj kev loj hlob-lub teeb liab.

Feem ntau ntawm tus kabmob kheesxaws ntawm tus kabmob pancreatic muaj qhov sib hloov pauv hauv Ras noob. Ntau tus neeg mob ntsws, mob hnyuv thiab lub qog hlav qog kuj tau pom tias muaj kev sib hloov hauv Ras.

HER2

Lwm qhov zoo-tiv proto-oncogene yog HER2Cov. Cov keeb no ua rau cov protein txais uas txuam nrog kev loj hlob thiab faib cov qe ntshav hauv lub mis. Coob leej neeg uas muaj mob cancer mis muaj qhov hloov ua kom nrov nrov rau lawv HER2 noob. Hom mob cancer mis no feem ntau hais txog HER2-tus mob cancer mis zoo.

Myc

Tus Myc noob keeb yog txuam nrog ib hom mob cancer hu ua Burkitt's lymphoma. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub chromosomal hloov chaw txav ib qib txhim kho kom sib raug zoo nyob ze ntawm Myc proto-oncogene.

Cyclin D

Cyclin D yog lwm tus tiv thaiv-oncogene. Nws txoj haujlwm ib txwm yog los ua cov protein uas hu ua Rb tumor suppressor protein tsis voos.

Hauv qee qhov mob qog nqaij hlav, zoo li qog cov qog txha caj qaum parathyroid, Cyclin D tshuab txais vim qhov sib hloov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom cov qog nqaij hlav suppressor protein tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no nyeg ua rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm tes.

Cov nqa mus

Koj lub hlwb muaj ntau lub noob keeb tseem ceeb uas tswj kev loj hlob ntawm tes thiab kev faib khoom. Cov ntawv ib txwm muaj ntawm cov noob no hu ua proto-oncogenes. Daim foos hloov no hu ua oncogenes. Oncogenes tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Koj tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tag nrho kev sib hloov ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob proto-oncogene, tab sis koj txoj kev ua neej nyob yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam. Koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem txo qis koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev hloov ua mob cancer los ntawm:

• tswj lub cev noj qab nyob zoo
• txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav, xws li kab mob siab B thiab tib neeg papillomavirus (HPV)
• noj zaub kom zoo rau lub cev thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo
• qoj ib ce tsis tu ncua
• zam kev haus luam yeeb
• Txo koj txoj kev haus cawv kom tsawg
• siv tiv thaiv tshav tiv thaiv thaum koj tawm mus nraum zoov
• mus ntsib kws kho mob tsis tu ncua rau kev kuaj mob

Txawm hais tias muaj lub neej noj qab nyob zoo, kev hloov pauv tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv proto-oncogene. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov kws tshawb nrhiav tam sim no tau saib rau oncogenes ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj anticancer.