Niam txiv khoom noj khoom haus: nws yog dab tsi, nws yog dab tsi rau thiab yuav ua li cas kom tswj hwm nws
Zoo Siab
- Thaum nws tau qhia
- Yuav tswj cov khoom noj khoom haus niam txiv li cas
- Dab tsi saib xyuas kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm tswj hwm
- Hom niam txiv kev noj haus zoo
- Muaj teeb meem tshwm sim
- 1. Lub sijhawm luv luv
- 2. Lub sijhawm ntev
Kev noj qab haus huv rau niam txiv, lossis niam txiv (PN), yog ib txoj kev rau kev tswj cov khoom noj uas ua ncaj qha rau cov leeg ntshav, thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais zaub mov noj los ntawm cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj. Yog li, hom khoom noj khoom haus no tau siv thaum tus neeg tsis ua haujlwm ntxiv lub plab zom mov, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob hnyav, xws li mob plab lossis mob hnyuv ntawm cov theem siab heev, piv txwv li.
Muaj ob yam tseemceeb ntawm cov khoom noj niam txiv:
- Ib nrab ntawm cov khoom noj niam kom txiv: tsuas yog ob peb hom khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab vitamins yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov leeg ntshav;
- Tag nrho niam txiv kev noj haus (TPN): txhua hom khoom noj khoom haus thiab vitamins yog tswj los ntawm cov leeg ntshav.
Feem ntau, cov tib neeg ua zaub mov noj no tseem tau txais nyob hauv tsev kho mob los tuav ib qho kev soj ntsuam tas mus li ntawm lawv kev noj qab haus huv, txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau, qee kis, kev noj zaub mov noj niam txiv kuj tau ua hauv tsev thiab, nyob rau cov xwm txheej no, tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws tu neeg mob yuav tsum piav qhia txog kev tswj hwm zaub mov kom raug.
Thaum nws tau qhia
Niam txiv txoj kev noj zaub mov zoo siv rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb yog cov neeg, vim qee yam tsis ua haujlwm lub plab zom mov lossis tus neeg xav tau so lub plab lossis plab hnyuv.
Vim li no, kev noj zaub mov rau niam txiv tseem muaj qhia thaum noj qhov ncauj, txawm tias muaj lub raj, tsis tuaj yeem ua nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj li 5 lossis 7 hnub.
Qhov taw qhia ntawm hom khoom noj khoom haus no tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, thaum nws ua tiav ntev txog 1 hlis, lossis ntev ntev, nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm txheej ntawm txhua tus neeg:
Lub sij hawm luv luv (txog li 1 hlis) | Lub sijhawm ntev (ntau dua 1 hlis) |
Kev tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntau ntawm txoj hnyuv | Mob plab hnyuv |
High tso zis nkagocutaneous fistula | Mob plab hnyuv pseudo occlusion |
Tsis sib thooj enterotomy | Mob Crohn's mob hnyav |
Muaj kev mob hnyav los ntawm lub cev | Ntau phais |
Pancreatitis lossis mob hnyuv heev | Atrophy ntawm plab hnyuv muaj nrog malabsorption pheej |
Kab mob vwm ua ntev | Palliative theem ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav |
Cov kab mob overgrowth syndrome (SBID) | - |
Necrotizing enterocolitis | - |
Teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob Hirschsprung | - |
Congenital metabolic kab mob | - |
Kev kub nyhiab loj, raug mob hnyav lossis phais mob hnyav | - |
Hloov hlwb pob txha, mob ntshav lossis mob cancer | - |
Lub raum lossis lub siab ua haujlwm cuam tshuam cov hnyuv | - |
Yuav tswj cov khoom noj khoom haus niam txiv li cas
Yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm, kev noj zaub mov noj niam txiv yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tu mob hauv tsev kho mob, txawm li cas los xij, thaum tsim nyog ua cov thawj coj hauv tsev, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej ntsuas lub hnab ntim khoom noj, kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis pub dhau hnub tas sij hawm, uas lub hnab ntim tau nyob twj ywm thiab tswj hwm nws cov yam ntxwv ib txwm.
Tom qab ntawd, hauv kev tswjhwm ntawm tus kav lub raj xa dej, ib tus yuav tsum ua raws cov kauj ruam ib kauj ruam:
- Ntxuav koj txhais tes nrog xab npum thiab dej;
- Nres ib qho kev ua kom sib txawv ntawm ntshav dej lossis tshuaj uas muab los ntawm catheter;
- Tua cov kab mob kev sib txuas ntawm qhov system, siv qhov nqus dej cawv tsis huv;
- Tshem tawm qhov system ntshav dej uas nyob rau hauv qhov chaw;
- Maj mam txhaj 20 mL ntawm dej qab ntsev;
- Txuas tus qauv ntsuas kev noj haus hauv niam txiv.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua tiav siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia los ntawm kws kho mob lossis kws saib xyuas neeg mob, nrog rau lub tshuab xa khoom ntsuas kom paub tseeb tias cov zaub mov tau muab ntawm cov nrawm nrawm thiab rau lub sijhawm qhia los ntawm kws kho mob.
Cov kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau qhia thiab kawm nrog tus nais maum hauv tsev kho mob, kom paub meej txhua yam kev ua xyem xyav thiab ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem tshwm sim.
Dab tsi saib xyuas kom zoo thaum lub sijhawm tswj hwm
Thaum tswj hwm cov khoom noj khoom haus niam txiv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntsuas qhov ntsuas catheter qhov chaw zoo, ntsuas xyuas seb puas muaj o, liab lossis mob. Yog tias pom muaj cov cim no tshwm sim, nws raug nquahu kom tseg kev pub mis niam thiab mus rau tom tsev kho mob.
Hom niam txiv kev noj haus zoo
Hom khoom noj haus ntawm niam txiv tuaj yeem faib raws li txoj kev ntawm cov thawj coj:
- Khoom noj khoom haus hauv niam txiv nruab nrab: nws yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus venous catheter, uas yog lub raj me uas tau muab tso rau sab hauv txoj hlab ntshav loj, xws li vena cava, thiab uas tso cai rau kev tswj hwm ntawm cov khoom noj rau lub sijhawm ntau dua 7 hnub;
- Khoom noj khoom haus ib leeg kheej (NPP): yog ua los ntawm qhov cuab yeej siv lub raj mis, uas tau tso rau hauv txoj hlab ntshav me me ntawm lub cev, feem ntau yog sab caj npab lossis tes. Hom no yog qhov qhia tau zoo tshaj plaws thaum khoom noj khoom haus tau tswj kav ntev txog 7 lossis 10 hnub, lossis thaum tsis tuaj yeem tso rau hauv qhov chaw txhaws chaw nruab nrab.
Cov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hnab siv hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv niam txiv tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li txhua kis, tab sis feem ntau nws muaj cov rog, qabzib thiab amino acids, thiab dej thiab ntau yam zaub mov thiab vitamins.
Muaj teeb meem tshwm sim
Cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev noj haus hauv niam txiv yog ntau yam thiab, yog li ntawd, nws ib txwm tseem ceeb ua raws txhua cov lus qhia los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij fab kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua pawg raws li lub sijhawm ntawm PN:
1. Lub sijhawm luv luv
Hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, cov teeb meem feem ntau muaj xws li cov cuam tshuam txog kev tso rau hauv lub hauv paus catheter, xws li pneumothorax, hydrothorax, mob ntshav hauv, ua rau cov hlab ntsha hauv caj npab lossis puas rau cov hlab ntshav.
Ntxiv rau, kev kis tus kab mob catheter mob, mob hlab ntshav txhaws, txhaws qhov quav, txuas pob los yog kis tau los ntawm kab mob, kab mob los yog kab mob hu ua fungi.
Hauv cov theem ntawm cov metabolism, cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav qab zib, metabolic acidosis lossis alkalosis, cov roj ntsha tsis tseem ceeb, kev hloov pauv hauv electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium) thiab nce ntxiv hauv urea lossis creatinine.
2. Lub sijhawm ntev
Thaum cov khoom noj khoom haus niam txiv siv rau ib lub sijhawm ntev, cov teeb meem loj muaj xws li hloov pauv rau daim siab thiab cov hlwv, xws li daim siab rog, cholecystitis thiab portal fibrosis. Vim li no, nws yog ib qho uas tus neeg yuav tsum nthuav tawm kev nce siab hauv lub siab enzymes hauv kev kuaj ntshav (transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT thiab tag nrho bilirubin).
Tsis tas li, cov roj ntsha muaj roj thiab cov carnitine tsis txaus, kev hloov ntawm cov hnyuv hauv plab thiab atrophy ntawm cov plab hnyuv thiab cov leeg yuav tshwm sim.