Kho kabmob kheesxaws: Kev kho mob kom qhov muag tsis tu

Zoo Siab

• Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
• Kev kho mob T-cell
• Cov kab mob monoclonal
• Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
• Kev kho noob
• Gene hloov
• Kev kho kom zoo
• Kev kho tshuaj hormones
• Nanoparticles
• Nyob rau hauv paub

Peb nyob ze li cas?

Kabmob yog ib hom kabmob uas muaj cov keeb kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev txawv. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqaij sib txawv ntawm lub cev, ua rau muaj kev mob loj.

Raws li cov kabmob, cancer yog qhov thib ob ua rau ploj tuag nyob rau Tebchaws Meskas tom qab mob plawv.

Puas muaj kev kho tus mob cancer? Yog tias, peb nyob ze npaum li cas. Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kho mob thiab kev zam txim:

• Akho tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev thiab ua kom nws yuav tsis rov qab los.
• Kev Rho Tawm txhais tau hais tias muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm tsis muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev.
• Ua tiav kev zam txim txhais tau tias tsis muaj cov cim qhia pom ntawm cov tsos mob qog nqaij hlav.

Tseem, qog nqaij hlav cancer tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub cev, txawm tias tom qab kho tag nrho. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus kabmob tuaj yeem rov qab los. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, nws feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thawj tom qab kev kho mob.

Qee cov kws kho mob siv lo lus "kho" thaum hais txog mob qog noj ntshav uas tsis rov qab los li ntawm tsib xyoos. Tab sis mob qog yuav tseem tuaj yeem rov qab tuaj tom qab tsib xyoos, yog li nws tsis muaj peev xwm kho tau tiag tiag.

Tamsim no, nws tsis muaj ib txoj kev kho tau tus kabmob kheesxaws. Tab sis kev kho tshiab tsis ntev los no hauv tshuaj kho mob thiab thev naus laus zis tau pab peb txav ze dua li puas muaj tshuaj kho tau.

Nyeem rau kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kev kho mob tshiab no thiab seb lawv tuaj yeem txhais tau li cas rau kev kho mob kheesxaws yav tom ntej.

Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav yog ib txoj kev kho mob uas pab lub nruab zog tiv thaiv qog ua cancer.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua los ntawm ntau yam kabmob, kabmob, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg uas pab lub cev tua cov neeg txawv teb chaws, suav nrog cov kabmob, kab mob, thiab cab.

Tab sis kab mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws, yog li lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tej zaum yuav xav tau kev pab txheeb xyuas lawv. Muaj ob peb txoj kev los muab cov kev pab no.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

Thaum koj xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav xav txog lawv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev sib kis, xws li mob qhua pias, mob kab xeb, thiab mob npaws.

Tab sis qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv - lossis kho txawm tias - qee hom mob qog ntshav. Piv txwv li, tshuaj tiv thaiv tib neeg tus kab mob papilloma (HPV) tiv thaiv ntau hom mob HPV uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav rau ncauj tsev menyuam.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav kuj tau ua haujlwm los tsim koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas pab lub nruab zog tiv thaiv cov leeg mob cancer ncaj qha. Cov hlwb no feem ntau muaj cov lwg me nyob hauv lawv cov chaw uas tsis pom nyob hauv cov cell ua ntu zus. Kev tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov lwg me me no tuaj yeem pab lub nruab zog tiv thaiv kab mob kom zoo dua qub thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Tam sim no muaj tsuas yog ib hom tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv kab mob khees xaws. Nws tau hu ua Sipuleucel-T. Nws tau siv los kho kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv siab uas tsis tau teb mus rau lwm yam kev kho mob.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nws zoo vim tias nws yog koob tshuaj txhaj tiv thaiv. Cov qe ntshav hauv lub cev raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj ntshav uas lawv tau hloov kho kom muaj peev xwm pom tau cov qog ntshav qog ntshav. Tom qab ntawd lawv tau rov qab txhaj rau hauv koj lub cev, qhov chaw uas lawv pab ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tam sim no tseem tabtom tsim thiab sim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab los tiv thaiv thiab kho qee hom mob qog ntshav.

Kev kho mob T-cell

T cell yog ib hom mob tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tes. Lawv rhuav tshem cov neeg txawv teb chaws tuaj kuaj pom los ntawm koj lub cev tsis muaj zog. Kev kho mob T-cell suav nrog kev tshem tawm cov hlwb thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw kuaj ntshav. Cov qog uas zoo li muaj feem cuam tiv thaiv kev mob hlwb tau sib cais thiab loj hlob hauv qhov ntau. Cov T cells no tom qab ntawd rov qab txhaj rau hauv koj lub cev.

Qee hom kev kho mob T-cell yog hu ua CAR T-cell therapy. Thaum kho, T hlwb raug rho tawm thiab hloov kho ntxiv kom tau txais receptor rau lawv qhov chaw. Qhov no pab ua kom cov keeb-T paub txog thiab ua kom cov keeb mob cancer zoo dua thaum lawv rov muab nkag rau hauv koj lub cev.

Kev kho mob T-cell tam sim no raug siv los kho ntau hom mob cancer, xws li cov neeg laus tsis mob Hodgkin's lymphoma thiab cov mob qog ua ntshav rau cov menyuam yaus.

Cov chaw kuaj mob tseem tab tom txiav txim seb yuav kho T-cell li cas tuaj yeem kho lwm hom mob qog noj ntshav.

Cov kab mob monoclonal

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog cov protein tsim los ntawm B hlwb, lwm hom qe ntshav tsis muaj zog. Lawv muaj peev xwm paub txog cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, hu ua antigens, thiab khi rau lawv. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khi rau ib qho antigen, T cell tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov antigen.

Monoclonal antibody therapy muaj feem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntau uas pom tau cov tshuaj antigens uas muaj nyob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Lawv tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv lub cev, qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem pab nrhiav thiab ua kom lub hlwb tsis zoo.

Muaj ntau ntau hom tshuaj monoclonal uas tau tsim kho kev kho mob cancer. Qee cov qauv suav nrog:

• Alemtuzumab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no khi rau qee cov protein tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha leukemia, tsom lawv rau kev rhuav tshem. Nws tau siv los kho tus mob lymphocytic mob ntshav qab zib kom ntev.
• Ibritumomab tiuxetan. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj cov pa hluav taws xob tiv thaiv txuas rau nws, tso cai rau cov xov tooj hluav taws xob xa mus ncaj qha rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer thaum tiv thaiv cov kab mob. Nws tau siv los kho qee hom mob uas tsis yog Hodgkin's lymphoma.
• Ado-trastuzumab emtansine. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no muaj cov tshuaj kho mob tshuaj rau ntawm nws. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txuas nrog, nws tso tawm cov tshuaj rau cov kabmob hlwb. Nws tau siv los kho qee hom mob cancer mis.
• Blinatumomab. Qhov no yeej muaj ob lub cev sib txawv monoclonal tiv thaiv. Ib qho txuas rau cov kabmob hlwb, thaum lwm tus txuas rau cov kabmob hlwb. Qhov no coj cov kev tiv thaiv kabmob thiab qog nqaij hlav ua ke, cia lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob tua cov qog nqaij hlav cancer. Nws tau siv los kho cov mob lymphocytic zoo mob ntshav qab zib.

Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv qog noj ntshav. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los txuas rau txawv teb chaws ntxeem tau yam tsis rhuav tshem lwm cov hlwb hauv lub cev. Nco ntsoov, cov kab mob ua cancer yuav tsis tshwm sim txawv txawv rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Feem ntau, tshuaj xyuas cov ntsuas molecules rau ntawm cov nplaim ntawm cov cell tiv thaiv T cell los ntawm kev tawm tsam lawv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pab T hlwb zam rau cov chaw kuaj mob no, cia lawv tua qog nqaij hlav hlwb zoo dua.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yog siv los kho ntau yam mob qog nqaij hlav, suav nrog mob ntsws thiab mob qog nqaij hlav.

Nov yog lwm qhov saib txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, sau los ntawm ib tug neeg uas tau siv ob xyoo mus kawm txog thiab sim ntau txoj hauv kev.

Kev kho noob

Kev kho noob yog ib hom kev kho kab mob los ntawm kev hloov kho lossis kev pauv cov gene nyob hauv cov leeg ntawm lub cev. Cov gene muaj qhov chaws uas ua tau ntau yam protein. Proteins, nyeg, cuam tshuam li cas cov hlwb loj hlob tuaj, coj tus cwj pwm, thiab kev sib txuas lus.

Hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav, cov caj ces ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis puas, ua rau qee cov qog loj hlob tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab tsim cov qog. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav cancer yog kho kab mob los ntawm kev hloov pauv lossis hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv kab mob no uas muaj keeb kwm zoo.

Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom kawm txog kev kho mob feem ntau hauv cov chaw kuaj ntshav lossis kuaj sim.

Gene hloov

Kev tsim kho cov noob yog txheej txheem rau ntxiv, tshem tawm, lossis hloov kho cov noob. Nws kuj tseem hu ua kev hloov kho genome. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, yuav muab ib tus gene tshiab coj los rau hauv cov kabmob kheesxaws. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov kabmob kheesxaws tuag lossis tiv thaiv kev loj hlob.

Kev tshawb fawb tseem nyob hauv theem pib, tab sis nws tau pom tias tau cog lus. Txog tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ncig noob hloov kho tau koom nrog cov tsiaj lossis cov hlwb sib cais, tsis yog tib neeg lub hlwb. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb txuas mus ntxiv ua ntej thiab txawv txav.

CRISPR kev ua haujlwm yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev hloov kho cov gene uas tau txais ntau lub siab. Cov kab ke no tso cai rau cov kws tshawb nrhiav tsom rau cov DNA tshwj xeeb uas siv cov enzyme thiab hloov kho ntawm nucleic acid. Lub enzyme tshem tawm cov DNA raws qib, tso cai rau nws hloov nrog lub txheej txheem raws kev cai. Nws zoo nkaus li siv “nrhiav thiab hloov” lub luag haujlwm hauv cov phiaj xwm kev nqis tes ua.

Thawj qhov kev sim kuaj mob los siv CRISPR tau raug tshuaj saib tsis ntev los no. Hauv kev sim tshuaj rau yav tom ntej, cov neeg tshawb nrhiav tau thov siv CRISPR thev naus laus zis los hloov kho cov hlwb T hauv cov neeg uas muaj myeloma, melanoma, lossis sarcoma.

Ntsib qee tus kws tshawb nrhiav uas tau ua haujlwm los ua kom muaj kev hloov kho gene.

Kev kho kom zoo

Ntau hom kab mob ua rau rhuav tshem lawv cov xovtooj ntawm tes ua ib feem ntawm lawv lub neej. Qhov no ua rau cov kab mob txaus nyiam rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Virotherapy yog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev tua tua qog noj ntshav.

Cov vais vais uas siv los kho qhov mob yog hu ua oncolytic viruses. Lawv tau hloov kho rau cov hom phiaj nkaus xwb thiab theej tawm hauv cov hlwb mob ntshav.

Cov kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias thaum ib tus mob oncolytic tua cov mob cancer ntawm tes, tus mob cancer uas cuam tshuam nrog antigens tawm. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem khi rau cov antigens thiab ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Thaum cov kws tshawb nrhiav tab tom saib txog kev siv ntau yam kab mob rau hom kev kho no, tsuas yog ib qho tau pom zoo kom txog tam sim no. Nws tau hu ua T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec). Nws yog tus kab mob hloov kho herpes. Nws tau siv los kho kab mob nqaij tawv melanoma uas tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm zoo.

Kev kho tshuaj hormones

Lub cev ib txwm tsim cov tshuaj hormones, uas ua raws li kev xa xov rau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb ntawm koj lub cev. Lawv pab tswj hwm ntau yam ntawm lub cev.

Kev kho qog noj qab haus huv koom nrog kev siv tshuaj los txwv cov tshuaj hormones. Qee qhov mob qog nqaij yog qhov qis tsis txawv txav ntawm cov qib hormones tshwj xeeb. Cov kev hloov hauv cov theem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob thiab muaj sia nyob ntawm cov qog hlwb. Txo lossis thaiv qhov nyiaj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones tsim nyog tuaj yeem qeeb qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav no.

Kev siv tshuaj kho qee zaum siv los kho mob cancer mis, mob cancer prostate, thiab mob cancer ntawm lub tsev me.

Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles yog cov qauv me me heev. Lawv cov me dua lub hlwb. Lawv qhov luaj li cas tso cai rau lawv txav mus thoob plaws lub cev thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov hlwb sib txawv thiab cov roj ntsha roj ntsha.

Nanoparticles yog cov cuab yeej cog lus rau kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog ib txoj hauv kev xa tshuaj mus rau qhov chaw hlav. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab ua kom kev kho mob cancer zoo dua thaum txo cov kev mob tshwm sim.

Txawm hais tias hom kev kho nanoparticle no tseem muaj feem ntau nyob rau theem kev txhim kho, nanoparticle-based tub tshuab tau pom zoo rau kev kho mob ntau yam mob qog noj ntshav. Lwm txoj kev kho mob qog ntshav uas siv nanoparticle thev naus laus zis tam sim no tau soj ntsuam kuaj mob.

Nyob rau hauv paub

Lub ntiaj teb kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog hloov zuj zus thiab hloov pauv. Cia li siv nrog cov peev txheej no:

• . National Cancer Institute (NCI) tswj hwm lub xaib no. Nws tau nquag hloov kho nrog cov lus hais txog kev tshawb nrhiav kab mob qog nqaij hlav tawm tshiab thiab kho tshiab.
• . Nov yog cov ncauj lus tshawb nrhiav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog NCI-txhawb kev soj ntsuam kuaj mob.
• Lub Cancer tshawb nrhiav lub koom haum blog. Nov yog blog los ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Cancer. Nws tau nquag hloov kho nrog cov lus hais txog kev tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb.
• Lub koom haum American Cancer Society. Cov American Cancer Society muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshiab txog cov txheej txheem kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav, muaj kev kho mob, thiab tshawb nrhiav tshiab.
• ClinicalTrials.gov. Rau cov kev sim tshuaj tam sim no thiab thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tshawb xyuas Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv Tshuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntiag tug thiab tshaj tawm