Protein Electrophoresis: dab tsi yog nws rau thiab yuav nkag siab li cas

Zoo Siab

• Dab tsi yog nws rau
• Ua li cas tiav lawm
• Yuav ua li cas to taub qhov tshwm sim
• Albumin
• Alpha-1-globulin
• Alpha-2-globulin
• Beta-1-globulin
• Beta-2-globulin
• Gamma-globulin

Protein electrophoresis yog ib qho kev soj ntsuam uas tus kws kho mob tau thov nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein tawm mus rau hauv cov ntshav, tau raug suav tias yog ib qho kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb uas tau thov rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kuaj mob ntawm ntau yam mob myeloma.

Qhov kev kuaj xyuas no yog ua los ntawm cov ntshav ntsuas, uas hla lub txheej txheem centrifugation kom tau txais ntshav ntshav, nyob rau hauv cov protein nrhiav pom. Cov protein no tom qab tsim cov txheej txheem sib cais raws li lawv cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab hnyav lub cev, ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj hlua khi thiab tom qab ntawd, lub teeb uas yog qhov pib rau kev txhais ntawm kev soj ntsuam los ntawm tus kws kho mob.

Cov protein uas tau ntsuas hauv qhov kev soj ntsuam no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj sia, txij li lawv coj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, hauv txheej txheem txheej coagulation thiab kev zom zaubmov, ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm nqa qee cov molecules rau lawv qhov chaw ntawm kev ua. Yog li, hloov pauv ntawm lawv ntau ntau yuav yog qhov qhia tau ntawm cov kab mob. Ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog albumin, alpha-glycoproteins, beta-glycoproteins thiab gamma-glycoproteins.

Dab tsi yog nws rau

Protein electrophoresis yog thov los ntawm tus kws kho mob kom kuaj xyuas seb muaj protein ntau npaum li cas hauv lub cev thiab, yog li, tshawb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv thiab cov kab mob, tau pib kho thaum ntxov, yog tias qhov no. Qee qhov xwm txheej uas tus kws kho mob yuav xaj thiab protein electrophoresis yog thaum muaj cov cim thiab cov tsos mob qhia tias:

• Lub cev qhuav dej;
• Ntau myeloma;
• Cov mob o;
• Kab mob ntsws;
• Txheej Txheem Duab Lupus erythematosus;
• Tawg siab;
• Ascites;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Cushing's syndrome;
• Emphysema;
• Cov kab mob siab;
• Kev Mob Hlav;
• Kev mob caj dab.

Ntxiv rau cov xwm txheej no, qhov kev ntsuas no yuav raug thov thaum tus neeg tab tom kho tshuaj estrogen lossis thaum nws cev xeeb tub, zoo li hauv cov xwm txheej no yuav muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov protein, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kuaj cov protein hloov thiab txais kev ntsuas thiab rov qab qhov xwm txheej.

Ua li cas tiav lawm

Protein electrophoresis yog ua los ntawm kev sau ntshav ntawm tus neeg los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij thiab tsis muaj kev npaj tsim nyog. Cov qauv uas tau txais raug xa mus rau chav kuaj ntshav kuaj ntshav kom muaj qhov sib cais ntawm cov ntshav liab thiab lub ntshav ntshav. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev khaws cov zis 24 teev yuav kuaj tau los ntsuas seb muaj protein ntau npaum li cas rau hauv cov zis thaum nruab hnub, uas yog ntau dua tus kws kho mob tau thov thaum muaj teeb meem lub raum.

Lub plasma yog tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv agarose gel lossis cellulose acetate ua ke nrog zas xim thiab qhov cim rau txhua qhov ntawm cov protein thiab tom qab ntawd cov xaim hluav taws xob tau thov kom txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov protein ua raws li lawv lub peev xwm hluav taws xob., Qhov loj me thiab molecular. qhov hnyav. Tom qab sib cais, cov nqaijrog tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm txoj kev siv txoj hlua khi, qhia tias muaj cov plhaw lossis tsis muaj cov protein.

Tom qab ntawd, cov roj ntsha no tau suav rau hauv ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, hu ua densitometer, nyob rau hauv uas cov concentration ntawm cov protein nyob hauv cov ntshav tau tshawb xyuas, nrog qhov feem pua ​​tus nqi thiab tus nqi ntawm txhua cov protein feem tau qhia hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom, ntxiv rau lub teeb ntsuas. uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab zoo dua los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab tus neeg mob ntawm kev kuaj mob.

Yuav ua li cas to taub qhov tshwm sim

Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav protein electrophoresis yuav tsum tau txhais los ntawm tus kws kho mob, uas ntsuas qhov tsis muaj tseeb thiab tus nqi txheeb ze ntawm cov protein, ntxiv rau cov teeb uas raug tso tawm hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom.

Qhov tshwm sim, cov zauv feem ntawm cov protein tau qhia, uas yog, cov txiaj ntsig tau pom rau albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-1-globulin, beta-2-globulin thiab gamma-globulin. Hais txog cov qauv paj nruag, nws ib txwm tsis yog tso tawm hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tshuav ntxiv hauv chav kuaj thiab muaj rau kws kho mob.

Albumin

Albumin yog cov plasma protein ntau nyob rau hauv ntau dua thiab tsim tawm hauv lub siab, ua haujlwm ntau yam, xws li thauj cov tshuaj hormones, vitamins thiab cov zaub mov noj, tswj hwm pH thiab osmotic tswj lub cev. Cov tshuaj ua ke ntawm cov albumin hauv lub siab ua rau tus neeg noj zaub mov zoo li qub, ntau npaum li cas cov roj ntsha khiav ceev thiab ntshav pH. Yog li, qhov nyiaj ntawm cov kab mob albumin hauv cov protein electrophoresis qhia txog kev noj haus zoo ntawm tus neeg thiab tso cai txheeb xyuas qhov hloov pauv ntawm daim siab lossis lub raum.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 4.01 txog 4.78 g / dL; 55.8 txog 66.1%

Nce albumin: Kev nce qib hauv cov albumin tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog lub cev qhuav dej, tab sis tsis yog vim tias muaj qhov nce ntawm cov protein no ntau dua, tab sis vim tias cov dej tsawg dua thiab, vim li ntawd, cov ntshav ntim, yog li ntawd, ntau dua ntawm cov albumin yog tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb.

Txo albumin: Albumin suav hais tias yog tus mob tsis zoo protein ntau, uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm o, muaj kev txo qis hauv cov qib albumin. Yog li, qhov txo qis ntawm albumin tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, kub siab, edema, ascites, kev noj zaub mov tsis txaus thiab mob qog ntshav, uas ua rau lub siab muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab cov synthesis albumin poob haujlwm.

Kawm ntxiv txog albumin.

Alpha-1-globulin

Alpha-1-globulin feem muaj ntau cov protein, cov ntsiab yog tus alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGA) thiab cov alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)Cov. AGA koom nrog tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm collagen thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thaiv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob thiab cab, yog li ntawd muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm kom zoo ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Zoo li AGA, AAT tseem muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 0.22 txog 0.41 g / dL; 2.9 txog 4.9%

Nce alpha-1-globulin: Qhov nce ntawm cov protein ntau hauv cov feem no feem ntau yog vim mob o thiab mob sib kis. Yog li, theem siab ntawm alpha-1-globulin tuaj yeem qhia neoplasms, Cushing's syndrome, mob caj dab, cev xeeb tub thiab vasculitis, ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv vim yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho nrog estrogens lossis corticosteroids.

Txo hauv alpha-1-globulin: Qhov qis yuav tshwm sim vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob nephrotic, mob siab rau daim siab, emphysema, mob ntsws thiab mob hepatocellular carcinoma.

Alpha-2-globulin

Alpha-2-globulin feem tau los ntawm peb lub ntsiab protein: tus ceruloplasmin (CER), a haptoglobin (hpt) thiab cov macroglobulin (AMG), uas nws muaj peev xwm ntau zuj zus tuaj vim yog los ntawm tus mob thiab tus txheej txheem sib kis tau.

Ceruloplasmin yog cov protein ua los ntawm daim siab thiab muaj cov tooj liab nyob hauv nws cov ntau ntau, uas tso cai rau nws ua qee yam kev hloov hauv lub cev. Ntxiv rau, CER yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv hlau mus rau hauv hloovrin, uas yog cov protein ua lub luag haujlwm thauj hlau hauv lub cev. Txawm hais tias nws tseem xav tias yog theem muaj protein ntau, qib CER maj mam nce siab.

Haptoglobin yog lub luag haujlwm rau khi rau circulating hemoglobin thiab, yog li, txhawb nws txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj zog thiab tshem tawm cov ntshav ncig. Macroglobulin, ntawm lwm qhov, yog ib qho ntawm cov plasma protein ntau tshaj plaws thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj cov leeg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, ntxiv rau kev thauj cov protein yooj yim, peptides, thiab kev tswj cov synthesis ntawm plasma protein los ntawm lub siab.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 0.58 txog 0.92 g / dL; 7.1 txog 11.8%

Nce alpha-2-globulin: Qhov nce ntawm cov protein ntau hauv cov feem no tuaj yeem yog qhia txog nephrotic syndrome, Wilson tus kab mob, mob siab, tawm hauv lub plab intravascular coagulation thiab cerebral infarction, ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv vim kev kho tshuaj estrogen.

Txo hauv alpha-2-globulin: Kev poob qis hauv cov qib ntawm cov protein no yuav tshwm sim vim yog hemolytic anemias, kab mob pancreatitis thiab mob ntsws.

Beta-1-globulin

LUB hloov tsheb nws yog cov protein tseem ceeb ntawm cov feem beta-1-globulin feem thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj cov hlau mus rau ntau qhov chaw hauv lub cev. Ntxiv rau qhov nyiaj uas tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas hauv protein electrophoresis, cov concentration ntawm Transferrin hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas hauv kev kuaj ntshav ib txwm muaj. Nrhiav kom paub txog kev hloov pauv nyob hauv.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 0.36 txog 0.52 g / dL; 4.9 txog 7.2%

Nce ntawm beta-1-globulin: Qhov nce tshwm sim hauv cov neeg mob ntshav tsis txaus, cev xeeb tub, jaundice, hypothyroidism thiab ntshav qab zib.

Txo hauv beta-1-globulin: Qhov kev txo qis hauv cov feem ntawm cov protein tsis yog nquag heev, txawm li cas los xij nws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov txheej txheem mob.

Beta-2-globulin

Hauv cov feem me no muaj ob qho protein loj, yog beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) thiab cov C-nti protein (CRP)Cov. BMG yog ib lub cim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tes, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kuaj cov qog lymphocytic, piv txwv li, ntxiv rau qhov raug siv rau hauv kev siv tshuaj kho mob nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev nrog tus neeg mob qog noj ntshav, kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev kho mob puas ua haujlwm tau zoo. CRP yog qhov tseem ceeb muaj protein ntau hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev kis kab mob thiab tawg, vim nws yog qhov uas hloov ntau tshaj plaws hauv nws qib.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 0.22 txog 0.45 g / dL; 3.1 mus rau 6.1%

Kev nce ntawm beta-2-globulin: Qhov nce tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj kab mob ntsig txog lymphocytes, o thiab mob sib kis.

Txo hauv beta-2-globulin: Qhov poob qis yuav yog vim muaj teeb meem daim siab, uas txwv tsis pub coj los ua ke ntawm cov protein no.

Gamma-globulin

Hauv cov feem ntawm cov protein electrophoresis tau pom cov tshuaj immunoglobulins, uas yog cov protein ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev. Nkag siab txog qhov ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kabmob ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm.

Kev siv tus nqi hauv electrophoresis (kuj yuav sib txawv raws li kev ntsuas): 0.72 txog 1.27 g / dL; 11.1 rau 18.8%

Gamma-globulin ntau ntxiv: Qhov nce ntawm gamma-globulin feem ntawm cov protein tshwm sim ntsej muag kis mob, o thiab mob autoimmune, xws li mob caj dab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm cov mob lymphoma, mob ntsws thiab ntau yam mob myeloma.

Gamma-globulin txo: Piv txwv, cov qib immunoglobulin yog txo qis thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob vim muaj kab mob ntev, piv txwv.