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NIACINAMIDE - IS IT WORTH THE HYPE? DERMATOLOGISTS WEIGH IN
Daim Duab: NIACINAMIDE - IS IT WORTH THE HYPE? DERMATOLOGISTS WEIGH IN

Zoo Siab

Muaj ob daim ntawv ntawm cov vitamins B3. Ib daim ntawv yog niacin, lwm tus yog niacinamide. Niacinamide pom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov khoom noj nrog cov poov xab, nqaij, ntses, mis nyuj, qe, zaub ntsuab, taum pauv, thiab cov noob taum. Niacinamide kuj tseem pom muaj nyob hauv ntau cov vitamins B complex pab nrog lwm cov vitamins B. Niacinamide tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev noj haus niacin.

Tsis txhob yuam kev niacinamide nrog niacin, NADH, nicotinamide riboside, inositol nicotinate, lossis tryptophan. Saib cov npe cais rau cov ncauj lus no.

Niacinamide noj los ntawm qhov ncauj rau kev tiv thaiv cov vitamin B3 tsis muaj peev xwm thiab lwm yam kev mob xws li pellagra. Nws tseem tseem noj ntawm qhov ncauj rau mob ntxau, mob ntshav qab zib, mob qog noj ntshav, mob txha, thiab ntau yam mob. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov pov thawj tshawb fawb pom zoo los txhawb nqa cov kev siv no.

Niacinamide tseem tuaj yeem siv rau daim tawv nqaij rau pob txuv, khaus, thiab lwm yam mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov pov thawj zoo los txhawb rau qhov kev siv no.

Cov Tshuaj Kho Kom Zoo Database cov txiaj ntsig raws li cov pov thawj tshawb fawb tau raws li cov teev hauv qab no: Siv tau zoo, Yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, Muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, Muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tsis muaj pov thawj txaus rau tus nqi.

Cov hauj lwm zoo rau NIACINAMIDE muaj raws li nram no:


Yuav zoo rau ...

  • Tus kab mob ua rau niacin deficiency (pellagra)Cov. Niacinamide tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rau kev siv no. Qee zaum Niacinamide nyiam dua li ntawm niacin vim tias nws tsis ua "yaug," (liab, khaus thiab ntxais), phiv los ntawm kev kho niacin.

Tejzaum nws zoo rau ...

  • Pob txuvCov. Kev tshawb pom ntxov pom tias kev noj cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj niacinamide thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw rau 8 lub lis piam txhim kho cov ntsej muag tawv nqaij hauv cov neeg muaj ntxau. Lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav qhia tau hais tias thov tso cov qab zib uas muaj niacinamide pab txoj kev zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv cov neeg muaj ntxau.
  • Mob ntshav qab zibCov. Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia pom tias kev noj cov tshuaj niacinamide tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus uas muaj feem yuav muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov tshuaj insulin ntau ntxiv thiab txo cov koob tshuaj insulin uas cov menyuam yaus xav tau tam sim no muaj tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 1. Txawm li cas los xij, niacinamide tsis zoo li tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm hom 1 mob ntshav qab zib hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kev pheej hmoo. Hauv cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2, niacinamide zoo li yuav pab tiv thaiv cov tshuaj insulin thiab txhim kho kev tswj ntshav qab zib.
  • Theem siab ntawm phosphate nyob rau hauv cov ntshav (hyperphosphatemia)Cov. Cov ntshav siab ntau ntawm phosphate tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm txo lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Hauv cov neeg muaj lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm uas muaj nyob ntawm hemodialysis thiab muaj ntshav phosphate ntau, noj niacinamide zoo li yuav pab txo qis phosphate thaum noj nrog lossis tsis muaj phosphate khi.
  • Mob taub hau thiab caj dabCov. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev noj niacinamide thaum tau txais kev kho mob radiotherapy thiab hom kev kho hu ua carbogen tuaj yeem pab tswj qog hlav thiab nce kev ciaj sia nyob hauv qee cov neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav. Kev noj tshuaj niacinamide thaum tau txais tshuaj tua hluav taws xob thiab kho carbogen zoo li tau txais txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg muaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub ntsws uas tseem muaj ntshav liab. Nws kuj zoo li pab tib neeg muaj cov qog hlav uas tsis muaj oxygen.
  • Daim tawv nqaij mob cancerCov. Noj niacinamide zoo li pab tiv thaiv kev mob qog nqaij daim tawv tshiab lossis ua rau cov tawv nqaij tsis huv (actinic keratosis) los ntawm kev ua rau cov neeg muaj keeb kwm mob qog nqaij daim tawv lossis ua kom mob hlwb.
  • Kab mob hauvCov. Kev noj cov tshuaj niacinamide zoo li txhim kho kev sib koom ua ke thiab txo kev mob thiab o tuaj ntawm cov neeg mob osteoarthritis. Tsis tas li, qee cov neeg uas txha caj mob noj tshuaj niacinamide yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj tsawg dua.

Tej zaum tsis ua hauj lwm zoo rau ...

  • Mob hlavCov. Cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov qhia tau hais tias kev kho mob rau cov neeg mob phais mob qog nqaij hlav nrog niacinamide, kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab carbogen tsis txhim kho kev muaj sia nyob piv rau kev kho mob radiotherapy lossis radiotherapy thiab carbogen.
  • Lub zais zis mob hlwbCov. Kho cov neeg mob qog ntshav nrog niacinamide, tshuaj tua kab mob plawv, thiab carbogen tsis pom tias cov qog loj hlob lossis txhim kho kev muaj sia nyob piv rau kev kho mob radiotherapy lossis radiotherapy thiab carbogen.

Cov pov thawj tsis txaus ntseeg kom ntsuas kev ua haujlwm rau ...

  • Tus kab mob qhov muag uas ua rau pom kev tsis pom kev hauv cov neeg laus (muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration lossis AMD)Cov. Cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov qhia tias kev noj niacinamide, vitamin E, thiab lutein rau ib xyoos txhim kho zoo npaum li cas tus retina ua haujlwm rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tsis pom kev vim kev puas tsuaj vim muaj cov kab mob retina.
  • Laus daim tawvCov. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntxov pom tias kev thov cov cream uas muaj 5% niacinamide rau lub ntsej muag pab txhim kho blotchiness, wrinkles, elasticity, thiab liab rau cov poj niam nrog daim tawv nqaij laus vim tias hnub puas tsuaj.
  • Eczema (mob atopic dermatitis)Cov. Cov kev tshawb pom thaum ntxov qhia tias thov siv cov cream uas muaj 2% niacinamide ua rau cov dej tsis pom kev thiab ua kom lub cev tsis muaj dej, thiab txo qhov liab thiab ua kom tawv nqaij, rau cov neeg muaj eczema.
  • Ntsuam xyuas kev tsis txaus siab-hyperactivity tsis meej (ADHD)Cov. Muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis sib haum txog kev siv tau ntawm niacinamide siv nrog lwm cov vitamins rau kev kho mob ntawm ADHD.
  • Daim tawv nqaij liab los ntawm kev raug mob lossis voos (erythema)Cov. Cov kev tshawb fawb thaum ntxov qhia tau hais tias thov cov tshuaj nplaum uas muaj niacinamide txo cov tawv nqaij ua pob liab, lub cev qhuav, thiab khaus los ntawm cov pob txuv tshuaj isotretinoin.
  • Mob raum ntev (mob raum los sis mob CKD)Cov. Kev tshawb fawb ntxov qhia tias kev noj cov tshuaj niacinamide yuav pab tsis tau kom tsis txhob khaus rau cov neeg muaj lub raum.
  • Daim tawv dub tsaus nti rau ntawm lub ntsej muag (ntshav qab zib)Cov. Cov kev tshawb pom thaum ntxov qhia tias thov cov moisturizer uas muaj 5% niacinamide lossis 2% niacinamide nrog 2% tranexamic acid rau 4-8 lub lis piam pab kom tawv nqaij rau cov neeg uas muaj daim tawv tsaus nti.
  • Kab mob qog uas pib nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav dawb (tsis yog Hodgkin lymphoma)Cov. Cov kev tshawb pom thaum ntxov qhia tias kev noj niacinamide ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj hu ua vorinostat yuav pab tau cov neeg mob qog mus rau kev zam txim.
  • Cov tawv nqaij mob uas ua rau liab ntsej muag (rosacea)Cov. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxov pom tias kev noj cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj niacinamide thiab lwm yam khoom xyaw rau 8 lub lis piam txhim kho cov ntsej muag tawv nqaij hauv cov neeg uas muaj rosacea.
  • Cov tawv nqaij khaus thiab tawv taub hau ntawm cov tawv taub hau thiab ntsej muag (seborrheic dermatitis)Cov. Kev tshawb nrhiav thaum ntxov qhia tias kev thov cov tshuaj nplaum uas muaj 4% niacinamide tuaj yeem txo qhov liab thiab ua rau daim tawv nqaij rau cov neeg mob seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Kev quav cawv.
  • Alzheimer tus kab mob.
  • Mob caj dab.
  • Txo qhov kev nco thiab kev xav uas tshwm sim nrog lub hnub nyoog.
  • Kev Nyuaj Siab.
  • Ntshav siab.
  • Mob taub hau.
  • Cov Mob Hlwb Qeb Qog Ua Ntej (PMS).
  • Lwm yam mob.
Xav tau cov pov thawj ntxiv los ntsuas niacinamide rau cov kev siv no.

Niacinamide tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm niacin hauv lub cev. Niacin hloov pauv mus rau niacinamide thaum nws noj hauv qhov ntau dua qhov uas lub cev xav tau. Niacinamide yog yooj yim yaj hauv dej thiab zoo-nqus thaum noj ntawm qhov ncauj.

Niacinamide xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm kom zoo ntawm cov rog thiab suab thaj hauv lub cev thiab tswj cov hlwb zoo.

Tsis zoo li niacin, niacinamide tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov rog thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau kev kho cov roj lossis ntshav siab hauv cov ntshav. Thaum noj ntawm qhov ncauj: Niacinamide yog ZOO KAWG rau cov neeg laus feem coob thaum noj raws li cov lus pom zoo. Tsis zoo li niacin, niacinamide tsis ua rau yaug. Txawm li cas los xij, niacinamide yuav ua rau muaj kev phiv me ntsis xws li mob plab, roj, kiv taub hau, tawm pob, khaus, thiab lwm yam teeb meem. Txhawm rau txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev mob tshwm sim no, cov neeg laus yuav tsum zam kom tsis txhob noj niacinamide nyob rau hauv ntau dua 35 mg ib hnub twg.

Thaum kev noj tshuaj ntau dua 3 gram ib hnub twg ntawm niacinamide noj, cov kev mob tshwm sim hnyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Cov no suav nrog teeb meem mob siab lossis muaj ntshav qab zib ntau.

Thaum ua ntawv thov rau daim tawv: Niacinamide yog POSSIBLY KEV CAICov. Niacinamide qab zib yuav ua rau mob me me, khaus, lossis liab.

Cov kev ceev faj & cov lus ceeb toom:

Cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis: Niacinamide yog ZOO KAWG rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis thaum noj raws li cov lus pom zoo. Cov tshuaj noj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm niacin rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis yog 30 mg rau ib hnub rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog qis dua 18 xyoo, thiab 35 mg rau ib hnub rau cov poj niam hnub nyoog 18 xyoo.

Cov menyuam: Niacinamide yog ZOO KAWG thaum noj ntawm qhov ncauj hauv cov lus pom zoo rau txhua pawg hnub nyoog. Tab sis cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj niacinamide tshaj li cov kev txwv niaj hnub, uas yog 10 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, 15 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 4-8 xyoo, 20 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 9-13 xyoo, thiab 30 mg rau me nyuam 14-18 xyoo.

Kev ua xua: Niacinamide tuaj yeem ua rau ua xua ntau dua vim tias lawv ua rau histamine, tshuaj lom neeg lub luag haujlwm rau cov tsos mob ua xua, kom tso tawm.

Mob ntshav qab zib: Niacinamide yuav ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib ntau ntxiv. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib uas noj tshuaj niacinamide yuav tsum kuaj xyuas lawv cov ntshav qab zib kom zoo.

Gallbladder muaj tus kab mob: Niacinamide yuav ua kom cov mob gallbladder muaj qhov tsis zoo.

Gout: Cov niacinamide ntau yuav ua rau mob gout.

Raum lim ntshav: Kev noj cov tshuaj niacinamide zoo li ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv cov ntshav platelet tsawg dua hauv cov neeg muaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm uas ua rau lim ntshav.

Mob siab: Niacinamide yuav ua rau daim siab puas. Tsis txhob siv nws yog tias koj muaj kab mob siab.

Mob plab lossis mob hnyuv: Niacinamide yuav ua rau mob kiav txhab tsis zoo. Tsis txhob siv nws yog tias koj muaj mob txhab.

Kev phais mob: Niacinamide yuav cuam tshuam nrog tswj ntshav qab zib thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab phais tas. Tsis txhob noj niacinamide tsawg kawg 2 asthiv ua ntej kev phais mob.

Ntsawv
Ceev faj nrog txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke no.
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol) tau tawg los ntawm lub cev. Muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb tias niacinamide tuaj yeem txo qis lub cev sai npaum li cas carbamazepine (Tegretol). Tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus kom paub tias qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub siab (Cov tshuaj Hepatotoxic)
Niacinamide tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv ntau kawg. Kev noj tshuaj niacinamide nrog rau kev noj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob siab. Tsis txhob noj niacinamide yog tias koj noj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau daim siab.

Qee cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau daim siab muaj xws li acetaminophen (Tylenol thiab lwm tus), amiodarone (Cordarone), carbamazepine (Tegretol), isoniazid (INH), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), methyldopa (Aldomet), fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporan) erythromycin (Erythrocin, Ilosone, lwm tus), phenytoin (Dilantin), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvastatin (Zocor), thiab lwm yam.
Cov tshuaj noj kom ntshav txhaws (Anticoagulant / Antiplatelet tshuaj)
Niacinamide yuav ua rau cov ntshav txhaws. Noj niacinamide nrog rau cov tshuaj noj uas ua rau kom ntshav txhaws qeeb yuav ua rau muaj qhov txhaws thiab los ntshav.

Qee cov tshuaj uas ua rau cov ntshav txhaws qeeb muaj xws li tshuaj aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, indomethacin (Indocin), ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), thiab lwm yam.
Primidone (Mysoline)
Primidone (Mysoline) tau tawg los ntawm lub cev. Muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb tias niacinamide tuaj yeem txo qis lub cev sai sai vim li cas ntawm primidone (Mysoline). Tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus kom paub tias qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj ntxiv uas yuav ua mob rau lub siab
Niacinamide yuav ua rau lub siab puas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv ntau dua. Kev noj tshuaj niacinamide nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj ntsuab los yog tshuaj ntxiv uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau daim siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo. Qee cov khoom lag luam suav nrog androstenedione, nplooj tawv muag daj, chaparral, comfrey, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), tus kabmob me, kava, roj pennyroyal, liab poov xab, thiab lwm yam.
Tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj uas yuav ua rau ntshav txhaws
Niacinamide yuav ua rau cov ntshav txhaws. Siv cov niacinamide nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj ntxiv uas ua rau cov ntshav txhaws qeeb yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav hauv qee leej neeg. Qee lwm yam tshuaj ntsuab ntawm hom no suav nrog angelica, clove, danshen, qij, qhiav, Panax ginseng, thiab lwm tus.
Tsis muaj qhov paub tias cuam tshuam nrog cov zaub mov.
Cov koob tshuaj nram no tau kawm hauv kev tshawb fawb:

COV LAUS

BY MOUTH:
  • Dav: Qee yam khoom noj khoom haus tsis tuaj yeem tsis sau cov tshuaj niacinamide cais rau ntawm daim ntawv. Hloov chaw, nws yuav teev nyob hauv qab niacin. Niacin raug ntsuas hauv niacin sib npaug (NE). Cov koob tshuaj 1 mg ntawm niacinamide yog tib yam li 1 mg NE. Cov kev noj zaub mov uas tau pom zoo txhua hnub (RDAs) rau niacinamide rau cov laus yog 16 mg NE rau cov txiv neej, 14 mg rau cov poj niam, 18 mg NE rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, thiab 17 mg NE rau lactating poj niam.
  • Rau pob txuv: Cov ntsiav tshuaj uas muaj 750 mg ntawm niacinamide, 25 mg ntawm zinc, 1.5 mg ntawm tooj liab, thiab 500 mcg ntawm folic acid (Nicomide) ib zaug lossis ob zaug ib hnub tau siv. Tsis tas li, 1-4 ntsiav tshuaj muaj niacinamide, azelaic acid, zinc, vitamin B6, tooj liab, thiab folic acid (NicAzel, Elorac Inc., Vernon Hills, IL) tau noj txhua hnub.
  • Rau cov vitamin B3 tsis muaj cov tsos mob xws li pellagra: 300-500 mg ib hnub twg ntawm niacinamide raug muab rau hauv cov koob tshuaj faib.
  • Txog ntshav qab zib: Niacinamide 1.2 grams / m2 (thaj tsam thaj tsam ntawm lub cev) lossis 25-50 mg / kg siv txhua hnub txhawm rau ua kom qeeb ntawm cov ntshav qab zib hom 1. Tsis tas li, 0,5 grams ntawm niacinamide peb zaug ib hnub yog siv los qeeb cov kev vam meej ntawm tus mob ntshav qab zib hom 2.
  • Rau theem siab ntawm phosphate hauv cov ntshav (hyperphosphatemia): Niacinamide los ntawm 500 mg txog 1,75 grams txhua hnub hauv kev faib koob tshuaj yog siv rau 8-12 lub lis piam.
  • Txog mob cancer ntawm lub larynx: 60 mg / kg ntawm niacinamide yog muab 1-1.5 teev ua ntej nqus cov carbogen (2% carbon dioxide thiab 98% oxygen) ua ntej thiab thaum tua hluav taws xob.
  • Rau cov mob qog nqaij hlav txawv dua li melanoma: 500 mg ntawm niacinamide ib zaug lossis ob zaug ib hnub rau 4-12 lub hlis.
  • Txog kev kho mob ua pob txha caj dab: 3 gram ntawm niacinamide ib hnub nyob rau hauv muab faib rau 12 lub lis piam.
RAU daim tawv:
  • Pob txuv: Ib cov gel uas muaj 4% niacinamide ib hnub ob zaug.
TUS ME NYUAM

  • Dav: Cov kev noj zaub mov uas tau pom zoo txhua hnub (RDAs) rau niacinamide hauv cov menyuam yaus yog 2 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 6 txog 6 hlis, 4 mg NE rau cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog 7-12 hlis, 6 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 1-3 xyoos, 8 mg NE rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 4-8 xyoos, 12 mg rau cov menyuam hnub nyoog 9-13 xyoo, 16 mg NE rau tus txiv neej hnub nyoog 14-18 xyoo, thiab 14 mg NE rau cov pojniam hnub nyoog 14-18 xyoo.
  • Rau pob txuv: Hauv cov menyuam muaj hnub nyoog tsawg kawg 12 xyoos, 1-4 ntsiav tshuaj muaj niacinamide, azelaic acid, zinc, vitamin B6, tooj liab, thiab folic acid (NicAzel, Elorac Inc., Vernon Hills, IL) tau noj txhua hnub.
  • Rau pellagra: 100-300 mg ntawm niacinamide raug muab txhua hnub rau hauv kev faib koob tshuaj.
  • Txog ntshav qab zib hom 1: 1.2 grams / m2 (thaj tsam thaj tsam ntawm lub cev) lossis 25-50 mg / kg ntawm niacinamide siv txhua hnub rau kev maj mam hloov kho lossis tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib hom 1.
3-Pyridine Carboxamide, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide, Amide de l'Acide Nicotinique, B Complex Vitamin, Complexe de Vitamines B, Niacinamida, Nicamid, Nicosedine, Nicotinamide, Nicotinic Acid Amide, Nicotylamidum, Pyridine-3-car3, Vitamin 3 , Vitamine B3.

Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog yuav sau li cas cov lus tau sau, thov saib cov Cov Tshuaj Kho Kom Zoo Database kev qhia txujci.


  1. Zhang Y, Ma T, Zhang P. Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm nicotinamide ntawm phosphorus metabolism hauv cov neeg mob hemodialysis: Kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab ntsuas tsom xam. Tshuaj Kho Mob (Baltimore). 2018; 97: e12731. Saib daws teeb meem.
  2. Cannizzaro MV, Dattola A, Garofalo V, Del Duca E, Bianchi L. Txo lub qhov ncauj theotretinoin cov tawv nqaij phiv: kev ua tau zoo ntawm 8% omega-ceramides, hydrophilic suab thaj, 5% niacinamide qab zib nyob hauv cov neeg mob ntxau. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2018; 153: 161-164. Saib daws teeb meem.
  3. Center for Clinical Practice ntawm NICE (UK). Hyperphosphataemia nyob rau hauv Mob Hlwb Mob Raum: Kev tswj hyperphosphataemia nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj Ntaj 4 lossis 5 Mob raum. Lub koom haum National rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo: Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas Cov Lus Qhia. Manchester: Lub Koom Haum Hauv Lub Tebchaws rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo (UK); 2013 Lub Peb Hlis.
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