Sweeteners - hloov piam thaj

Cov piam thaj hloov yog cov tshuaj uas siv los hloov cov qab zib uas muaj suab thaj (sucrose) los yog dej qab zib. Tej zaum lawv kuj yuav raug hu ua cov khoom qab zib cuav, cov khoom qab zib uas tsis yog khoom noj (NNS), thiab cov qab zib noncaloric.

Kev hloov qab zib tuaj yeem yuav pab tau rau cov neeg uas tab tom poob phaus. Lawv muab cov qab zib rau cov zaub mov thiab dej qab zib yam tsis tas yuav ntxiv cov calories ntxiv. Feem ntau ntawm cov no muaj yuav luag tsis muaj calories.

Siv cov piam thaj hloov pauv cov piam thaj kom tiv thaiv hniav lwj. Lawv kuj tseem yuav pab tswj tau cov piam thaj hauv ntshav hauv cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib.

Qab zib tuaj yeem hloov ntxiv rau cov zaub mov thaum koj noj. Feem ntau kuj tseem siv tau thaum ua noj thiab ci. Feem ntau cov zaub mov tsis muaj piam thaj lossis cov khoom noj tsis muaj calorie uas koj yuav tom khw yog tsim los hloov cov piam thaj.

Feem ntau siv cov piam thaj hloov xws li:

Aspartame (Sib Npaum thiab NutraSweet)

• Cov txiv ntoo ua kom qab zib - muaj calories, tab sis qab zib heev, yog li xav tau tsawg.
• Kev sib xyaw ntawm ob hom amino acids - phenylalanine thiab aspartic acid.
• 200 lub sij hawm khoom qab zib tshaj sucrose.
• Poob nws cov qab zib thaum raug rau tshav kub. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv hauv dej haus ntau dua li ci.
• Kawm zoo, thiab tsis tau qhia pom tias muaj kev mob tshwm sim loj heev.
• FDA pom zoo. (FDA tau hais tias cov khoom noj uas muaj aspartame yuav tsum muaj cov lus qhia txog cov neeg muaj PKU (phenylketonuria, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis zoo) qhia lawv txog muaj phenylalanine.)

Sucralose (Splenda)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiv ntoo - tsis muaj los yog tsawg calories
• 600 lub sij hawm khoom qab zib tshaj sucrose
• Siv ntau hauv cov khoom noj thiab dej haus, zom zom, khoom noj qab zib khov, khoom noj ci, thiab gelatin
• Yuav muab ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ntawm rooj lossis siv rau hauv cov ci
• FDA pom zoo

Saccharin (Qab zib 'N Qes, Ntxaib Ntxaib, NectaSweet)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib
• 200 rau 700 lub sij hawm qab zib dua li sucrose
• Siv ntau hauv cov khoom noj tiv thaiv zaub mov thiab dej haus
• Tej zaum muaj kua iab lossis xim tom qab hauv qee cov kua
• Tsis siv rau hauv kev ua noj ua haus thiab ci
• FDA pom zoo

Stevia (Truvia, Ntshiab Ntawm Via, Muaj Tshav Ntuj)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib.
• Ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag Stevia rebaudiana, uas yog zus rau nws cov nplooj qab zib.
• Rebaudiana extract tau txais kev pom zoo los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv. Nws suav hais tias yog kev noj zaub mov ntxiv.
• Feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS) los ntawm FDA.

Acesulfame K (Sunett thiab Qab Zib Ib)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib
• 200 npaug hws ntau dua qab zib
• Tshav kub-ruaj khov, tuaj yeem siv hauv kev ua noj thiab ci
• Yuav tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau cov zaub mov ntawm lub rooj
• Siv ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom qab zib, xws li saccharin, hauv cov pa roj carbon dej uas tsis muaj calorie thiab lwm yam khoom
• Feem ntau zoo xws li cov lus qab zib hauv kev saj thiab kev ntxhib los mos
• FDA pom zoo

Neotame (Newtame)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib
• 7,000 txog 13,000 npaug hws ntau dua qab zib
• Siv ntau hauv cov khoom noj tiv thaiv zaub mov thiab dej haus
• Yuav siv tau rau ci
• Siv los ua ib ntsiav tshuaj sweetener
• FDA pom zoo

Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo (Luo Han Guo)

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib
• Kev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ib lub txiv ntsuab ntsuab uas loj hlob nyob rau sab qab teb Suav
• 100 txog 250 zaug hws dua li sucrose
• Thaum tshav kub kub ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ci thiab ua noj thiab muaj ntau cov kua qab zib ntau dua li cov piam thaj (¼ teaspoon lossis 0.5 grams sib npaug qab zib ntawm 1 teaspoon lossis 2.5 grams qab zib)
• Feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS) los ntawm FDA

Hom Phiaj

• Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj txiaj ntsig qab zib
• 20, 000 npaug hws dua qab zib
• Siv raws li cov khoom qab zib dav thiab muaj cua sov ruaj khov, yog li siv tau rau hauv ci
• Feem ntau tsis siv
• FDA pom zoo

Cov neeg feem ntau muaj lus nug txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov piam thaj hloov. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua rau FDA pom zoo hloov cov piam thaj, thiab lawv tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb no, FDA hais tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb rau siv rau cov pej xeem.

Aspartame tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg nrog PKU. Lawv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ib qho ntawm cov amino acids siv los ua aspartame.

Muaj cov pov thawj me me los txhawb kev siv lossis ua kom tsis txhob muaj piam thaj ntau ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov khoom qab zib FDA-tau pom zoo yog siv rau hauv kev sim. Txawm li cas los xij, Asmeskas Kev Koom Tes Kho Mob pom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj saccharin thaum cev xeeb tub vim muaj peev xwm maj mam xeeb me nyuam hauv plab.

FDA tswj txhua txoj kev hloov qab zib uas muag los yog siv hauv cov zaub mov raug npaj hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Lub FDA tau teeb tsa qhov yuav tsum tau txais txhua hnub (ADI). Nov yog tus nqi uas tus neeg tuaj yeem noj tau yam nyab xeeb nyob rau ib hnub dhau ib tiam. Cov neeg feem ntau noj deb tsawg dua li ADI.

Xyoo 2012, American Heart Association thiab American Diabetes Association tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm uas tau txiav txim siab tias kev paub qab hau hloov suab thaj tuaj yeem pab txo qis caloric thiab carbohydrate kom tsawg. Tseem muaj kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv. Kuj tseem tsis muaj pov thawj txaus rau lub sijhawm no los txiav txim siab yog tias kev hloov kho cov piam thaj ua rau poob phaus lossis txo lub plawv puas.

Siv-ntau cov khoom qab zib; Cov txiv ntoo tsis muaj kua-qab zib - (NNS); Cov txiv ntoo ua haujlwm qab zib; Cov khoom qab zib tsis sib luag; Qab zib lwm txoj

Aronson JK. Khoom qab zib tsim. Hauv: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler Qhov tshwm sim los ntawm Cov TshuajCov. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 713-716.

Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, li al; Asmeskas Lub Koom Haum Lub Cev Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Hauv Pawg Sawv Cev rau Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Haus, Kev Siv Lub Cev thiab Metabolism, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis thiab Vascular Biology, Council rau Kab Mob Ntshav Qab Zib hauv Cov Hluas, thiab American Diabetes Association. Cov khoom qab zib tsis zoo: kev siv tam sim no thiab kev pom txog kev noj qab haus huv: cov lus tshaj tawm los ntawm American Heart Association thiab American Diabetes Association. Kev ncigCov. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. PMID: 22777177 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

Lub koom haum Cancer National website. Khoom cua qab zib thiab mob cancer. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Hloov kho thaum Lub Yim Hli 10, 2016. Nkag mus Lub Kaum Hlis 11, 2019.

Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg thiab US Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Si. 2015-2020 Kev Qhia Noj Zaub Mov Rau Cov Neeg Asmeskas. Thib 8 Daim. health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Hloov kho thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2015. Nkag mus Lub Kaum Hlis 11, 2019.

Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj Yeeb Tshuaj website. Siv cov khoom qab zib. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Hloov kho Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, 2017. Nkag Mus Siv Lub Kaum Hli 11, 2019.

Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj Yeeb Tshuaj website. Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hais txog kev siv cov khoom qab zib siab tso cai rau siv hauv khoom noj hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permitted-use-food-united-states. Hloov kho Lub Ob Hlis 8, 2018. Nkag Mus Lub Kaum Hlis 11, 2019.