Tsis hnov ​​lus - cov menyuam mos

Lub suab tsis hnov ​​lus zoo yog tsis tuaj yeem hnov ​​cov suab hauv ib lossis ob lub pob ntseg. Cov menyuam mos yuav poob tag nrho lawv lub rooj sib hais lossis tsuas yog ib feem ntawm nws.

Txawm hais tias nws tsis tshua muaj, qee tus menyuam mos liab yuav hnov ​​qee lub sijhawm hnov ​​zoo thaum yug los. Hnov tsis hnov ​​lus kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus uas muaj lub rooj sib hais ib yam li menyuam mos.

• Kev ploj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ib lossis ob lub pob ntseg. Tej zaum nws yuav ua me me, hauj sim, hnyav, los yog muaj txiaj ntsig. Kev tsis hnov ​​lus zoo yog dab tsi uas neeg feem coob hu rau lag ntseg.
• Qee zaum, hnov ​​pob ntseg tsis zoo mloog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Lwm lub sijhawm, nws nyob qis qis thiab tsis txhob mob heev dua.

Qhov txaus ntshai ua rau menyuam pob ntseg tsis hnov ​​lus yog:

• Tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm tsis hnov ​​lus
• Tus me nyuam yug hnyav

Kev tsis hnov ​​lus yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj teeb meem hauv lub pob ntseg sab nraud lossis nruab nrab. Cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb lossis tiv thaiv suab tsis tau los ntawm kev hla. Lawv suav nrog:

• Cov kev xeeb me nyuam hauv plab uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm pob ntseg pob ntseg lossis pob ntseg hauv nruab nrab
• Buildup ntawm pob ntseg siv quav ciab
• Buildup ntawm cov kua hauv qab lub qhov ntsej
• Kev raug mob rau lossis tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag
• Cov khoom daig hauv pob ntseg pob ntseg
• Caws pliav rau ntawm lub ntsej muag los ntawm ntau yam mob

Lwm hom kev hnov ​​lus tsis zoo yog vim muaj teeb meem nrog lub pob ntseg hauv. Nws yuav tshwm sim thaum cov qe plaub hau me me (qhov xaus ntawm cov leeg) uas txav suab hauv lub pob ntseg. Txoj kev hnov ​​lus tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim los ntawm:

• Raug qee yam tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj thaum nyob hauv plab lossis tom qab yug
• Kev mob caj ces tsis sib xws
• Kab mob leej niam kis mus rau nws tus menyuam hauv plab (xws li toxoplasmosis, qhua pias, lossis mob pob)
• Cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb tom qab yug me nyuam, xws li mob rau daim phiaj qhua pias lossis ua qoob
• Teeb meem cov qauv ntawm lub pob ntseg sab hauv
• Lub pob hlav

Kev hnov ​​lus hauv nruab nrab yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub plawv ntawm nws tus kheej, lossis lub hlwb txoj hauv kev uas ua rau txoj hlab ntshav. Kev hnov ​​lus hauv nruab nrab mas tsis tshua muaj rau cov menyuam mos thiab menyuam yaus.

Cov cim ntawm kev hnov ​​ntawm cov menyuam tsis hnov ​​lus zoo txawv raws lub hnub nyoog. Piv txwv li:

• Tus menyuam mos uas tsis hnov ​​lus yuav tsis pib thaum muaj suab nrov nrov ze ntawd.
• Cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog dua, uas yuav tsum tau teb rau cov suab uas paub, yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi thaum hais lus.
• Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum siv ib lo lus los ntawm 15 lub hlis, thiab cov lus yooj yim 2 lus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 2. Yog tias lawv tsis ncav cov phiaj xwm no, qhov ua rau yuav hnov ​​lus tsis zoo.

Qee tus menyuam yuav tsis raug kuaj pob ntseg kom txog thaum lawv mus kawm ntawv. Qhov no muaj tseeb txawm hais tias lawv tau yug los nrog hnov ​​lus tsis zoo. Kev tsis xav kawm thiab poob qab hauv chav kawm ua haujlwm yuav yog cov cim tsis hnov ​​lus.

Hnov tsis hnov ​​lus ua rau tus menyuam hnov ​​tsis tau cov suab lus qis dua ib qib. Tus menyuam uas tsis hnov ​​lus yuav hnov ​​cov suab hauv qab theem ntawd.

Tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav tshuaj xyuas koj tus menyuam. Kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem qhia cov teeb meem pob txha lossis cov cim ntawm kev hloov pauv uas yuav ua rau pob ntseg tsis hnov ​​lus.

Tus kws zov me nyuam yuav siv cov twj hu ua tsom qhov muag tsom pom sab hauv tus menyuam lub pob ntseg. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob pom lub ntsej muag thiab pom cov teeb meem uas tuaj yeem ua rau tsis hnov ​​lus.

Ob qhov kev twv xyuas feem ntau raug siv los tshuaj xyuas cov me nyuam mos tshiab kom hnov ​​lus:

• Lub paj hlwb pob ntseg hnov ​​(ABR) kev ntsuam xyuas. Qhov ntsuas no siv cov ntaub qhwv, hu ua cov electrodes, kom pom tias lub suab nrov hnov ​​zoo li cas.
• Otoacoustic emissions (OAE) kev xeem. Cov microphones muab tso rau hauv tus menyuam lub pob ntseg nrov tau cov suab ze. Lub suab yuav tsum ncha hauv pob ntseg pob ntseg. Yog tias tsis muaj ncha, nws yog lub cim ntawm qhov tsis hnov ​​lus.

Cov menyuam me thiab cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem raug qhia kom paub teb lus los ntawm kev ua si. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no, uas yog hu ua duab ua suab, thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab, tuaj yeem txiav txim siab zoo dua ntawm me nyuam lub rooj sib hais.

Ntau dua 30 lub xeev hauv Tebchaws Meskas xav kuaj cov menyuam tshiab. Kho kho qhov tsis hnov ​​lus thaum ntxov tuaj yeem ua rau ntau tus menyuam mos tau txhim kho kev hais lus yam tsis muaj sijhawm qeeb. Hauv cov menyuam mos uas yug tsis hnov ​​lus, kev kho mob yuav tsum pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 hli.

Kev kho yog nyob ntawm tus menyuam lub cev noj qab haus huv tag nrho thiab ua rau pob ntseg tsis hnov ​​lus. Kev kho mob yuav suav nrog:

• Kho kho hais lus
• Kawm paub lus piav tes
• Cochlear implant (rau cov uas muaj qhov tsis hnov ​​lus zoo sensorineural poob)

Kho qhov ua kom tsis hnov ​​lus tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Tshuaj kho mob rau kab mob
• Cov hlab ntsej muag ntxiv rau cov pob ntseg ua paug
• Kev phais txhawm rau kho cov teeb meem kev teeb tsa

Feem ntau kho tau pob ntseg tsis hnov ​​lus uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov teeb meem hauv pob ntseg hauv nruab nrab nrog kev kho mob lossis phais mob. Tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev kho kom hnov ​​lus zoo uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub pob ntseg hauv lossis pob ntseg.

Tus menyuam tau zoo npaum li cas yog nyob ntawm qhov ua rau nws lag ntseg. Kev nce qib ntawm cov khoom pab hnov ​​thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nrog rau kev kho hais lus ua rau ntau tus menyuam muaj peev xwm los tsim cov lus ib txwm muaj thaum lawv cov phooj ywg nrog kev hnov ​​lus zoo. Txawm tias cov menyuam mos uas muaj lub ntsej muag tsis hnov ​​lus zoo tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog txoj kev kho kom haum.

Yog tias tus menyuam muaj qhov tsis haum xeeb uas cuam tshuam ntau dua li hnov ​​lus, lub zeem muag yog nyob ntawm seb puas muaj lwm yam tsos mob thiab teeb meem uas tus menyuam muaj.

Hu rau koj tus kws khomob yog koj tus menyuam lossis menyuam yaus tus yam ntxwv ua tsis hnov ​​lus, xws li tsis hnov ​​lus nrov, tsis ua suab nrov lossis qog nkauj lossis tsis hais txog lub hnub nyoog.

Yog tias koj tus menyuam raug mob cochlear, hu rau koj tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau yog tias koj tus menyuam mob kub taub hau, caj dab txhav, mob taub hau, lossis mob pob ntseg.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txhua qhov teebmeem ntawm pob ntseg uas tsis hnov ​​lus hauv cov menyuam mos.

Cov poj niam uas npaj yuav cev xeeb tub yuav tsum ua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txhua lub sijhawm.

Cov pojniam xeebtub yuav tsum tau nrog lawv tus kws khomob uantej noj ib yam tshuaj. Yog tias koj cev xeeb tub, zam kev ua si uas tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus menyuam muaj kev kis mob txaus ntshai, xws li mob toxoplasmosis.

Yog tias koj lossis koj tus khub muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg tsis hnov, koj yuav tsum tau txais kev sab laj ua ntej xeeb tub.

Lag ntseg - cov menyuam mos liab; Hnov lus tsis zoo - cov menyuam mos liab; Lub suab tsis hnov ​​lus hauv lub cev - cov menyuam mos liab; Sensorineural hnov ​​lus tsis txaus ntseeg - cov menyuam mos liab; Kev tsis hnov ​​lus hauv nruab nrab - cov menyuam mos

• Hnov cov lus ntsuas

Eggermont JJ. Kev paub thaum ntxov thiab tiv thaiv kev hnov ​​lus. Hauv: Eggermont JJ, ed. Sib Hais Tsis TauCov. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 8.

Haddad J, Dodhia SN, Spitzer JB. Hnov tsis hnov ​​lus. Hauv: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Phau Ntawv ntawm PediatricsCov. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 655.