Cov zaub mov ntxiv

Cov khoom noj ntxiv rau cov khoom noj yog cov khoom noj uas ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj thaum lawv ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm ua los yog ua cov khoom noj ntawd.

Cov zaub mov "tso ncaj" ntxiv rau feem ntau ntxiv thaum lub sij hawm ua mus rau:

• Ntxiv cov as-ham
• Pab ua cov txheej txheem lossis npaj cov zaub mov
• Khaws cov khoom tshiab
• Ua rau cov khoom noj tau zoo dua

Cov zaub mov ntxiv tso rau neeg noj yuav yog neeg tsim lossis ntuj tsim.

Tej zaub mov yug muaj ntxiv:

• Tshuaj ntsuab los yog txuj lom ntxiv kom tsw qab rau zaub mov
• Vinegar rau de zaub mov
• Ntsev, txhawm rau khaws cov nqaij

Cov khoom noj ntxiv "Indirect" yog cov tshuaj uas yuav pom hauv cov zaub mov thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab ua tiav. Lawv tsis raug siv lossis tso rau hauv cov khoom noj raws li lub hom phiaj. Cov tshuaj ntxiv nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj me me hauv cov khoom kawg.

Cov zaub mov ntxiv ua rau 5 lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv yog:

1. Muab cov khoom noj ua kom du thiab zoo ib yam:

• Emulsifiers tiv thaiv cov khoom ua kua los ntawm kev sib cais.
• Stabilizers thiab thickeners muab ib qho kev ntxhib los mos.
• Cov tshuaj tua kab mob ua rau cov tshuaj txaus yaug dawb.

2. Txhim kho lossis khaws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig:

• Ntau cov zaub mov thiab dej qab zib yog cov khoom siv dag zog thiab ntxiv rau kom muaj cov vitamins, minerals, thiab lwm yam khoom noj haus. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom noj muaj zog feem ntau yog hmoov nplej, cereal, margarine, thiab mis nyuj haus. Qhov no pab ua kom muaj cov vitamins lossis minerals uas tej zaum yuav tsis tshua zoo lossis tsis muaj khoom noj rau lub cev.
• Txhua yam khoom uas muaj cov khoom xyaw ntxiv yuav tsum tau sau npe.

3. Tswj cov khoom noj kom huv:

• Cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau mob zaub mov. Cov tshuaj ua kom yuag txo tau qhov lwj uas cov kab mob no tuaj yeem ua tau.
• Qee yam tshuaj ua kom pab tswj lub qab hauv cov khoom ci los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov rog thiab roj kom mus rau qhov tsis zoo.
• Cov tshuaj ua kom ntev li qub tseem khaws cov txiv ntoo tshiab tshiab los ntawm tig xim av thaum lawv nqus tau cua.

4. Tswj cov kua qaub-paus tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm cov zaub mov thiab muab cov poov xab:

• Qee yam ntxiv pab hloov cov kua qaub-cov zaub mov kom tau qhov qab los yog xim.
• Cov kab mob ua rau tso cov kua qaub thaum lawv tso kua nyeem nrog cov dej qab zib ci los pab ua ncuav, khoom qab zib, thiab lwm yam khoom ci.

5. Muab cov xim thiab txhim kho qhov tsw:

• Qee cov xim txhim kho cov tsos ntawm cov khoom noj.
• Muaj ntau cov txuj lom, nrog rau lub ntuj thiab cov txiv neej ua khoom noj, coj tawm cov zaub mov saj.

Feem ntau cov kev txhawj xeeb hais txog khoom noj ntxiv rau lub cev yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov khoom xyaw rau tib neeg uas ntxiv rau hauv cov zaub mov. Ib txhia ntawm cov no yog:

• Tshuaj tua kab mob muab rau cov tsiaj ua khoom noj, xws li cov qaib thiab nyuj
• Cov tshuaj pleev rau cov rog o lossis cov zaub mov muaj roj
• Cov khoom xyaw tsim, xws li aspartame, saccharin, sodium cyclamate, thiab sucralose
• Benzoic acid nyob rau hauv cov kua txiv
• Lecithin, gelatins, cornstarch, waxes, pos hniav, thiab propylene glycol hauv cov khoom noj kom ruaj khov thiab emulsifiers
• Ntau yam xim dyes sib txawv thiab ntau yam xim
• Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• Nitrates thiab nitrites hauv cov dev kub thiab lwm cov nqaij ua tiav
• Sulfites hauv npias, cawv, thiab ntim zaub

Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj Yeeb Tshuaj (FDA) muaj cov npe khoom noj uas xav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb. Coob leej tsis tau sim, tab sis feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov tshuaj no tau tso rau hauv "feem ntau lees paub tias muaj kev nyab xeeb (GRAS)" npe. Daim ntawv no muaj txog 700 yam.

Congress txiav txim siab nyab xeeb raws li "qhov tseeb tseeb uas tsis muaj kev phom sij yuav yog los ntawm kev siv" ntawm ib qho kev muaj yees. Piv txwv ntawm cov khoom hauv daim ntawv no: cov pos hniav ntawm cov pos hniav, qab zib, ntsev, thiab kua txob. Daim ntawv raug tshuaj xyuas tas li.

Qee yam tshuaj uas pom muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lossis tsiaj txhu tseem tuaj yeem tso cai, tab sis tsuas yog ntawm qib 1/100 ntawm qhov nyiaj uas pom tau tias muaj kev phom sij. Rau lawv tus kheej kev tiv thaiv, cov neeg uas muaj kev fab tshuaj tsis haum lossis zaub mov tsis haum yuav tsum kuaj xyuas cov npe khoom ntawm daim ntawv lo rau. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ib qho dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem ua mob me lossis hnyav. Piv txwv li, qee cov neeg mob hawb pob muaj qhov ua tsis taus pa ntau dua tom qab noj zaub mov lossis dej haus uas muaj sulfites.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau khaws khaws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov ntxiv. Ceeb toom kev tshuaj tiv thaiv koj muaj rau khoom noj lossis zaub mov ntxiv rau FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ceeb toom kev tiv thaiv muaj nyob ntawm www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/ContactCFSAN/default.htm.

FDA thiab Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb (USDA) saib xyuas thiab tswj kev siv cov khoom sib ntxiv hauv cov zaub mov muag hauv Tebchaws Asmeskas. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj zaub mov tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom noj tsis haum yuav tsum ceev faj thaum xaiv yam khoom yuav mus yuav.

Cov tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv cov zaub mov; Khoom noj khoom haus flavors thiab xim

Aronson JK. Glutamic acid thiab glutamates. Hauv: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler Qhov tshwm sim los ntawm Cov TshuajCov. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier B.V .; 2016: 557-558.

Bush RK, Baumert JL, Taylor SL. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj yeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv: Burks AW, Holgate ST, OHeHehir RE li al, eds. Middleton Allergy: Cov Hauv Paus Ntsiab Lus thiab Kev Coj UaCov. 9le ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 80.

Koom Haum International Cov Ntaub Ntawv Khoom Noj (IFIC) thiab Asmeskas Cov Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA). Cov khoom xyaw zaub mov thiab xim. www.fda.gov/media/73811/download. Hloov kho Kaum Ib Hlis, 2014. Nkag mus rau Lub Plaub Hlis 06, 2020.