Congenital mob plawv

Congenital mob plawv (CHD) yog qhov teeb meem nrog lub plawv tus qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas muaj nyob rau thaum yug los.

CHD tuaj yeem piav txog ntau qhov teeb meem sib txawv cuam tshuam rau lub plawv. Nws yog feem ntau hom kev yug menyuam. CHD ua rau ntau tus neeg tuag nyob rau thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej dua li lwm qhov kev mob thaum yug.

CHD feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom: cyanotic (xiav tawv nqaij tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa tsis muaj pa) thiab non-cyanotic. Cov npe hauv qab no piav qhia txog CHDs tshaj plaws:

Cyanotic:

• Ebstein anomaly
• Hypoplastic laug lub plawv
• Lub ntsws atresia
• Tetralogy ntawm Fallot
• Tag nrho anomalous pulmonary xa rov qab
• Kev Hloov ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj
• Tricuspid atresia
• Truncus txoj hlab ntsha

Tsis-cyanotic:

• Aortic stenosis
• Bicuspid aortic valve
• Atrial septal kho mob (ASD)
• Atrioventricular kwj dej (endocardial cushion kho raws)
• Kev sib xyaw ntawm aorta
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Txoj Cai
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Cov teeb meem no yuav tshwm sim ib leeg lossis ua ke. Feem ntau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj CHD tsis muaj lwm yam kev yug ua tsis taus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob hauv lub siab yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov caj ces thiab keeb kwm caj ces. Ib cov kab mob no kuj yuav kis los ntawm tsev neeg.

Piv txwv li:

• Cov tsos mob DiGeorge
• Mob ntsws qis
• Marfan mob siab
• Noonan syndrome
• Edwards mob
• Kev Sib Tw 13
• Turner syndrome

Feem ntau, tsis muaj laj thawj rau cov kab mob plawv tuaj yeem pom. CHDs tseem raug tshawb fawb thiab tshawb fawb ntxiv. Cov tshuaj xws li retinoic acid rau pob txuv, tshuaj lom, dej cawv, thiab kab mob (xws li qoob rubella) thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov teeb meem lub plawv yug.

Kev tswj ntshav qab zib tsis zoo hauv cov poj niam uas muaj ntshav qab zib thaum lub cev xeeb tub kuj tau txuas nrog qhov feem pua ​​muaj lub siab lub ntsws ua haujlwm.

Cov tsos mob nyob ntawm tus mob. Txawm hais tias CHD nyob rau thaum yug los, cov tsos mob yuav tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.

Qhov tsis zoo xws li kev sib dhos ntawm aorta tuaj yeem tsis ua teeb meem rau lub xyoo. Lwm yam teeb meem, xws li VSD me, ASD, lossis PDA yuav tsis tsim teeb meem dabtsi ib zaug.

Feem ntau cov teeb meem ntawm lub plawv thaum yug los yog pom thaum lub caij cev xeeb tub ultrasound. Thaum nrhiav tau qhov ua tsis zoo, kws kho mob plawv, kws phais neeg, thiab lwm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tuaj yeem muaj thaum yug menyuam. Muaj kev npaj kho mob thaum yug menyuam tuaj yeem txhais tau qhov txawv ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag rau qee tus menyuam.

Qhov kev kuaj twg ntawm tus menyuam nyob ntawm seb lub puas thiab cov tsos mob.

Txoj kev kho mob twg siv, thiab tus me nyuam teb rau nws li cas, nyob ntawm seb nws mob li cas. Ntau qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum ua raws li qhov zoo. Qee qhov yuav kho kom dhau sijhawm, hos qee qhov yuav tau kho.

Qee qhov mob CHD tuaj yeem kho nrog tshuaj ib leeg. Lwm tus yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib lossis ntau lub plawv cov txheej txheem lossis phais mob.

Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau txais kev saib xyuas ua ntej zoo:

• Zam kev haus cawv thiab siv tshuaj yeeb txhaum cai thaum cev xeeb tub.
• Qhia koj tus kws kho mob tias koj xeeb tub ua ntej yuav noj ib yam tshuaj tshiab.
• Yuav tsum kuaj ntshav thaum ntxov thaum koj cev xeeb tub los saib seb koj puas muaj peev xwm kis tau tus mob qhua zias. Yog tias koj tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, zam qhov ua rau raug tus kab mob qoob rubella thiab tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv sai tom qab xa khoom.
• Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub uas muaj ntshav qab zib yuav tsum sim tswj lawv cov ntshav qab zib kom nyob zoo.

Qee cov noob caj noob ces yuav ua lub luag haujlwm hauv CHD. Cuam tshuam ntau cov neeg hauv tsev neeg. Nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog kev qhuab ntuas thiab tshuaj ntsuam caj ces yog tias koj muaj tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm ntawm CHD.

• Lub Plawv - seem ntawm ntu nruab nrab
• Plawv - saib ua ntej
• Ultrasound, cev xeeb tub - lub plawv dhia
• Ultrasound, ventricular septal kho mob - lub plawv dhia
• Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA) - koob

Fraser CD, Kane LC. Congenital mob plawv. Hauv: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Phau Ntawv Txog Kev phais mob: Txheej Txheem Qoob Loo ntawm Kev xyaum phais mob niaj hnubCov. 20 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 58.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Congenital mob plawv hauv neeg laus thiab neeg mob. Hauv: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Plawv Lub Plawv: Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Tshuaj Mob plawvCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 75.