Melanoma

Melanoma yog hom qog nqaij hlav uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nws tseem yog tus uas tsis tshua muaj. Nws yog thawj qhov ua rau ploj tuag los ntawm kab mob tawv nqaij.

Lwm hom mob kheesxaws ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog squamous cell carcinoma thiab cell cell carcinoma.

Melanoma tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv (hloov zuj zus) hauv cov tawv nqaij hu ua melanocytes. Cov kab mob no ua rau cov xim tawv nqaij hu ua melanin. Melanin yog lub luag haujlwm rau tawv nqaij thiab plaub hau xim.

Melanoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij li qub. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm moles. Moles uas tam sim no thaum yug los yuav hloov mus rau hauv melanomas. Cov menyuam uas loj dua thaum lub caij yug me nyuam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij melanoma.

Muaj plaub hom mob melanoma:

• Thaj tsam kho cov mob melanoma yog hom feem ntau. Nws feem ntau yog tiaj thiab tsis xwm yeem ntawm cov duab thiab xim, nrog qhov sib txawv xim dub thiab xim av. Nws yog feem ntau ntawm cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees.
• Nodular melanoma feem ntau pib ua thaj tsam thaj chaw uas muaj qhov tsaus dub-xiav lossis xiav xiav-liab. Qee tus tsis muaj xim (amelanotic melanoma).
• Lentigo maligna melanoma feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Nws yog feem ntau hauv cov tawv nqaij tiv tshav tiv thaiv rau lub ntsej muag, caj dab, thiab caj npab. Qhov chaw tsis zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij feem ntau yog loj, tiaj, thiab ziab nrog thaj chaw ntawm xim av.
• Acral lentiginous melanoma yog qhov tsawg kawg daim ntawv. Feem ntau nws tshwm sim rau ntawm xib teg, qab xib taws, lossis hauv qab rau tes.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim melanoma nce nrog lub hnub nyoog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau thiab ntau cov tub ntxhais hluas tab tom tsim kho nws.

Koj ntxim muaj tus mob melanoma yog tias koj:

• Muaj cov tawv nqaij ncaj ncees, qhov muag xiav lossis ntsuab, lossis plaub hau liab lossis daj
• Nyob hauv tshav ntuj lossis huab cua sov
• Siv sijhawm ntau nyob rau theem siab ntawm lub hnub ci muaj zog vim tias txoj haujlwm lossis lwm yam haujlwm
• Muaj ib los yog ntau dua blistering sunburns thaum yau
• Siv cov khoom siv tanning, xws li cov txaj tanning

Lwm yam kev pheej hmoo muaj xws li:

• Muaj cov txheeb ze nyob ze nrog mob melanoma
• Qee hom ntawm moles (atypical lossis dysplastic) lossis ntau yam cim yug
• Lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob vim yog kab mob lossis tshuaj noj

Ib qho mole, mob, mob pob, lossis loj hlob ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem yog qhov qhia ntawm melanoma lossis lwm yam tawv nqaij tawv. Mob los yog kev loj hlob uas los ntshav, lossis hloov xim yuav ua rau muaj mob qog nqaij hlav.

Tus ABCDE lub kaw lus tuaj yeem pab koj nco qab cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob melanoma:

• Asymmetry: Ib nrab ntawm thaj chaw tsis meej yog txawv ntawm lwm ib nrab.
• Bxaj: Cov npoo ntawm qhov kev loj hlob yog tsis xwm yeem.
• Ctxiv ntseej: Xim tau hloov pauv los ntawm ib thaj chaw mus rau lwm qhov, nrog ntxoov ziab, xim av, lossis xim dub, thiab qee zaum dawb, liab, lossis xiav. Kev sib xyaw xim yuav tshwm sim li ntawm ib qho mob.
• Diameter: Cov chaw feem ntau (tab sis tsis yog ib txwm) loj dua 5 hli inch - txog qhov loj me ntawm cov mem tes lwv ntawv.
• Evolaction: Cov mole khaws hloov pauv tsos.

Lwm txoj hauv kev saib rau cov mob melanoma yog lub cim "npaus npaus npe." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub melanoma tsis zoo li txhua yam ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Nws sawv tawm zoo li cov dab tuag tsis tseeb hauv cov me nyuam zaj dab neeg.

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj cov tawv nqaij thiab saib qhov loj me, duab, xim, thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm ib thaj chaw twg uas muaj lub ntsej muag dermatoscope.

Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj yuav muaj mob qog nqaij daim tawv, ib daim tawv nqaij los ntawm qhov kev loj hlob yuav raug tshem tawm. Qhov no yog hu ua nqaij ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Qhov hnoos qeev raug xa mus rau ib qhov chaw kuaj ntshav kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab tsom.

Yuav tso ib qhov nqaij hlav cov ntshav tawm me me mus kuaj hauv ib co neeg muaj tus mob melanoma saib seb puas mob cancer tau kis rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze.

Thaum kuaj pom tus mob melanoma, CT scans lossis xoo hluav taws xob lwm yam xoo hluav taws xob los saib seb tus mob cancer puas tau kis.

Kev phais yog qhov yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm los kho tus mob melanoma. Daim tawv nqaij tawv nqaij thiab qee thaj chaw ncig yuav tshem tawm. Ntau npaum li cas ntawm daim tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm yog nyob ntawm seb sib sib zog nqus lub qog nqaij hlav tau nce zuj zus.

Yog hais tias mob cancer tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav nyob ze, kuj yuav tshem tau cov qog ntshav mus. Tom qab kev phais mob, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob yuav rov qab los, koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev kho mob kho lossis siv tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Txoj kev kho yog qhov nyuaj dua thaum lub melanoma tau kis mus rau lwm yam kabmob. Txoj kev kho yog txuam nrog daim tawv nqaij ntsws thiab kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais:

• Kev Siv Tshuaj Kho Mob: Tshuaj siv los tua qog noj ntshav.
• Kev Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv: Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj xws li interferon los pab koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob qog ntshav, lossis lwm yam tshuaj uas ua rau koj muaj zog tiv thaiv kev muaj peev xwm nrhiav cov hlwb mob tua thiab tua lawv. Lawv yuav raug siv nrog rau kev siv tshuaj kho mob thiab phais mob.
• Kev siv tshuaj hluav taws xob: Cov no yuav siv los tua cov qog noj ntshav.
• Kev phais mob: Kev phais mob yuav ua tau kom tshem tau cov qog uas kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog ua los daws qhov mob lossis qhov tsis xis nyob nrog mob qog nqaij hlav zuj zus.
• Cov tshuaj pleev: Nws ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog hauv cov thaj chaw hauv zos.

Yog tias koj muaj tus mob melanoma uas nyuaj rau kho, koj yuav txiav txim siab tso npe mus kuaj mob. Nug koj tus kws kho mob rau cov lus qhia ntxiv. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tshawb nrhiav kho cov kev kho mob tshiab.

Koj tuaj yeem daws kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev muaj mob los ntawm kev koom nrog pawg pab txhawb mob qog noj ntshav. Faib qhia rau lwm tus uas muaj kev paub thiab teeb meem ntau yam tuaj yeem pab koj tsis txhob xav tias yog ib leeg.

Cov khoom siv nram qab no tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia ntxiv ntawm melanoma:

• National Cancer Institute - www.cancer.gov/about-nci
• Haiv neeg Asmeskas Cancer - www.cancer.org/cancer/melanoma-skin-cancer
• American Melanoma Foundation - melanomafoundation.org/

Koj yuav ua tau zoo npaum li cas nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kuaj sai npaum li cas tus kab mob cancer, thiab nws kis tau mus deb npaum li cas.

Hauv nws qhov theem thaum ntxov, feem ntau melanomas tuaj yeem kho tau.

Melanoma uas tob heev los yog kis tau rau cov qog ntshav yuav rov zoo dua tom qab kho tas. Yog tias nws ntxaum tshaj 4 hli lossis tau kis mus rau cov qog ntshav, mob cancer yuav kis mus rau lwm cov nqaij thiab kabmob.

Yog tias koj muaj mob melanoma thiab zoo tu qab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kuaj koj lub cev tas li rau ib qho txawv txav txawv txav. Koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm melanoma nce tuaj thaum koj muaj tus mob cancer no. Melanoma tuaj yeem rov qab ntau xyoo tom qab.

Melanoma tuaj yeem sib kis rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Kev kho mob melanoma tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim, nrog rau qhov mob, xeev siab, thiab qaug zog.

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj pom qhov kev nce tshiab lossis lwm yam kev hloov pauv ntawm koj cov tawv nqaij. Kuj nrog koj tus kws khomob tham yog tias qhov chaw ntawd:

• Hloov cov duab, qhov loj me lossis xim
• Mob, o, lossis o
• Pib ua rau ntshav los yog khaus

Qee tus neeg yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tawv nqaij kom kuaj cov tawv nqaij raws caij nyoog. Cov no suav nrog cov neeg nrog:

• Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm mob melanoma
• Cov tawv nqaij muaj hnub hnyav
• Ntau ntau ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm lawv cov tawv nqaij

Tus kws kho mob tawv nqaij tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas koj thiab qhia koj tias koj puas xav tau kev soj ntsuam daim tawv nqaij ib txwm ua. Qee zaum, moles txawv txawv raug tshem tawm kom tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev hloov mus rau hauv melanoma.

Koj yuav tsum kuaj koj cov tawv nqaij ib hlis ib zaug thiab. Siv daim iav tsom xyuas kom pom qhov chaw nyuaj. Siv ABCDE system thiab "dab tuag tsis zoo" kos npe thaum kos koj cov tawv nqaij.

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv tus mob qog nqaij daim tawv yog txo koj li tshav ntuj. Ultraviolet lub teeb muaj zog heev ntawm 10 a.m. thiab 4 p.m. Sim ua kom tsis txhob raug tshav thaum lub sijhawm no. Tiv thaiv koj cov tawv nqaij los ntawm kev hnav lub kaus mom, lub tsho ntev, tiab ntev, lossis ris thaum koj yuav tsum tau tawm sab nraud. Cov lus qhia hauv qab no kuj tuaj yeem pab tau:

• Siv cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub zoo nrog lub hnub los tiv thaiv lub hnub (SPF) ntawm 30 lossis siab dua, txawm tias koj tsuas yog mus sab nraum zoov ib ntus xwb.
• Tshem cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub ntau ntawm txhua qhov chaw, suav nrog pob ntseg thiab ko taw.
• Nrhiav rau cov duab hnub ci uas thaiv ob qho UVA thiab UVB teeb. Cov no yuav muaj cov ntawv sau "dav spectrum."
• Siv dej tsis tov tshuaj yog tsis muaj dej.
• Thov cov tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub tsawg kawg 30 feeb ua ntej mus sab nraud. Rov qab thov nws feem ntau, tshwj xeeb yog tom qab ua luam dej.
• Siv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, ib yam nkaus. Tiv thaiv koj tus kheej txawm nyob ntawm huab hnub.

Lwm qhov tseeb tseem ceeb los pab koj kom tsis txhob raug tshav ntau:

• Txav deb ntawm cov chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua, xws li dej, xuab zeb, pob zeb, thiab thaj chaw dawb.
• Ua zoo xyuam xim rau qhov chaw siab dua, qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij sai dua.
• Tsis txhob teeb lub hnub, txaj ziab khaub ncaws, thiab cov khw txiav plaub hau.

Txawm hais tias mob melanoma tuaj yeem txhim kho hauv qee qhov moles, cov kws kho mob xav tias tsis muaj ib qho zoo ntxiv rau tshem tawm moles los tiv thaiv melanoma.

Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer - melanoma; Malignant melanoma; Lentigo maligna melanoma; Melanoma hauv situ; Cov mob nqaij ntshiv superficial kis; Nodular melanoma; Acral lentiginous melanoma

• Melanoma ntawm daim siab - MRI scan
• Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer - malignant melanoma
• Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer - tsa ntau xim xim melanoma
• Daim tawv nqaij mob qog nqaij hlav, mob melanoma - tiaj, daj mob txhab
• Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer, melanoma ntawm cov rau tes
• Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer, ze ze ntawm lentigo maligna melanoma
• Daim tawv nqaij mob cancer - melanoma kis yooj yim
• Melanoma
• Daim tawv nqaij mob qog nqaij hlav, melanoma - tsa ceg, tsaus nti mob
• Malignant melanoma

Garbe C, Bauer J. Melanoma. Hauv: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Lub cev ntaj ntsugCov. 4 tug ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cha 113.

Lub koom haum Cancer National website. Kev kho mob Melanoma (PDQ) kev kho mob tshwj xeeb cov qauv. www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-puav-pdq. Hloov kho Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 2019. Nkag mus Lub Ib Hlis 29, 2020.

Lub Tebchaws National Comprehensive Cancer Network lub vev xaib. NCCN kev soj ntsuam kev coj ua hauv oncology: melanoma. Tshooj 2. 2018. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/melanoma.pdf. Hloov kho thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 19, 2019. Nkag mus Lub Ib Hlis 29, 2020.