Kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv teb

Qhov kev tiv thaiv lub cev tsis muaj zog yog koj lub cev paub thiab tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, thiab cov khoom uas tshwm sim txawv teb chaws thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis zoo los ntawm kev paub thiab teb rau antigens. Antigens yog cov tshuaj (feem ntau yog cov protein) nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, hu ua fungi, lossis kab mob. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj xws li co toxins, tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj, thiab cov khoom txawv teb chaws (xws li lub ntsej muag cais tawm) kuj tuaj yeem ua antigens. Cov kab mob tiv thaiv pom thiab rhuav tshem, lossis sim ua kom rhuav tshem, cov khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kabmob.

Koj lub cev lub cev muaj cov protein uas yog antigens. Cov no suav nrog ib pawg ntawm antigens hu ua HLA antigens. Koj lub nruab zog kawm paub cov antigens li ib txwm thiab feem ntau tsis hnov ​​mob tawm tsam lawv.

INNATE TAM SIM NO

Cov kab mob tiv thaiv, lossis tsis paub qhov tseem ceeb, tiv thaiv kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas koj tau yug los. Nws tiv thaiv koj tiv thaiv txhua tus antigens. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv sab hauv muaj kev tiv thaiv teeb meem uas ua kom cov khoom tsis zoo tawm hauv koj lub cev. Cov kev tawm tsam no ua rau thawj kab kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Piv txwv ntawm innate kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li:

• Qhov hnoos qhuav
• Cov enzymes hauv kua muag thiab roj siv tawv nqaij
• Mucus, uas cuab cov kab mob thiab cov khoom me me
• Daim tawv nqaij
• Mob plab kua qaub

Tus kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tseem nyob hauv cov tshuaj protein, hu ua innate humoral tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li lub cev ua kom lub cev thiab cov tshuaj hu ua interferon thiab interleukin-1 (uas ua rau kub taub hau).

Yog tias ib qho antigen dhau los dhau los ntawm cov kev thaiv no, nws tau tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm lwm qhov ntawm lub cev tsis muaj zog.

TSWV YIM ZOO

Tshaj tawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim nrog ntau yam antigens. Koj lub nruab nrog cev tiv thaiv koj tus kheej tiv thaiv tus yam ntxwv ntawd.

HOM PHIAJ KHWV TAU LOS

Kev mob ntsws dhau los yog vim muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim hauv lub cev uas tsis yog koj li. Cov menyuam mos tau mob tsis muaj zog vim tias lawv tau yug los nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tau hloov los ntawm cov me nyuam los ntawm lawv niam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no ploj thaum muaj hnub nyoog 6 mus rau 12 hlis.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb kuj tseem yog vim kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv antiserum, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm lwm tus neeg lossis tsiaj. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv tam sim ntawd tawm tsam ib qho antigen, tab sis tsis muab kev tiv thaiv ntev ntev. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov ntshav (muab rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob siab) thiab kab mob tetanus antitoxin yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab.

NTSHAV COMPONENTS

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev muaj qee yam qe ntshav dawb. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov protein nyob hauv cov ntshav, xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua tiav cov protein, thiab interferon. Qee qhov ntawm cov ncaj qha tua cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws hauv lub cev, thiab lwm tus ua haujlwm ua ke los pab cov kab mob hauv lub cev.

Lymphocytes yog ib hom qe ntshav dawb. Muaj B thiab T hom lymphocytes.

• B lymphocytes ua cov cell uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txuas rau ib qho tshwj xeeb antigen thiab ua kom yooj yim rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev ua kom rhuav tshem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen.
• T lymphocytes tawm tsam antigens ncaj qha thiab pab tswj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv kuj tso cov tshuaj tawm, hu ua cytokines, uas tswj cov kev tiv thaiv tag nrho.

Raws li lymphocytes txhim kho, lawv ib txwm kawm qhia qhov txawv ntawm koj tus kheej lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov tshuaj uas tsis nquag pom hauv koj lub cev. Thaum cov B hlwb thiab T cell tsim, ob peb ntawm cov hlwb yuav muab ntau ntxiv thiab muab "kev nco" rau koj lub cev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj muaj zog tiv thaiv kom sai dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig dua lwm zaus koj raug kis nrog tib yam antigen. Ntau qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav tiv thaiv koj kom tsis txhob mob. Piv txwv li, ib tus neeg uas tau mob qhua maj los yog tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus qhua mob qhua taum lawm mas nws lub cev yuav rov kis mob qhua taum dua.

KEV PAB CUAM

Kev teb (mob) yog tshwm sim thaum cov nqaij raug mob los ntawm cov kab mob, mob, co toxins, tshav kub, lossis lwm yam. Cov xiam hlwb uas raug puas tsuaj tso tawm tshuaj suav nrog histamine, bradykinin, thiab prostaglandins. Cov tshuaj ua rau cov hlab ntshav txhaws cov hlab ntsha mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, ua rau o. Qhov no pab cais tawm cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws los ntawm kev sib chwv nrog lub cev nqaij.

Cov tshuaj kuj tseem nyiam cov qe ntshav dawb hu ua phagocytes uas "noj" cov kab mob thiab cov hlwb tuag lossis puas. Qhov txheej txheem no hu ua phagocytosis. Phagocytes kawg tuag. Pus yog tsim los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm cov nqaij mos, cov kab mob tuag, thiab cov ciaj thiab tuag phagocytes.

IMMUNE SYSTEM CEEB TSHEEJ THIAB HOM

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim thaum lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv lub cev nqaij daim tawv, ntau dhau heev lawm, lossis tsis txaus. Ua xua nrog kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj uas neeg feem coob lub cev pom tias tsis muaj kev phom sij.

KEV THAM LUS

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv) yog ib txoj kev los ua kom lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj me me ntawm cov antigen, xws li cov kab mob tuag lossis ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, tau muab los ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob "nco" (ua kom lub hlwb B thiab hloov tau cov hlwb T). Kev nco tau tso cai rau koj lub cev kom muaj kev cuam tshuam sai thiab muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev nthuav dav rau yav tom ntej.

TUS NEEG TSIS TXAUS SIAB RAU TXHUA QHOV KEV POM ZOO IMMUNE RESPONSE

Qhov kev tiv thaiv lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv tau ntau yam kabmob thiab tsis xis nyob. Kev teb tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob pub rau cov kab mob. Ntau dhau, dhau lawm, lossis cov lus teb tsis haum lub cev tsis muaj zog ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau lub cev tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob autoimmune, uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau lub cev ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.

Teeb meem los ntawm kev hloov lub cev tsis muaj zog suav nrog:

• Kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis qaug cawv
• Anaphylaxis, kev tsis haum lub neej txoj sia
• Autoimmune ntshawv siab
• Graft tiv thaiv tus kab mob hauv tuam tsev, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hloov hlwb pob txha
• Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum
• Ntshav dej mob
• Kev tsis lees txais kev hloov tsheb

Tshuaj tiv thaiv sab hauv; Neej kev txo hwj chim; Kev tiv thaiv cell; Tshuaj tiv thaiv; Cov lus teb tawg; Tau txais (hloov khoom siv) tiv thaiv kab mob

• Mob khaub thuas thiab mob aws - yam yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob - neeg laus
• Mob khaub thuas thiab mob aws - yam yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob - menyuam
• Thaum koj tus menyuam lossis menyuam yaus muaj mob kub cev

• Kev tiv thaiv kab ke
• Phagocytosis

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Bankova L, Barrett N. Innate tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, li al, eds. Middleton Allergy: Cov Hauv Paus Ntsiab Lus thiab Kev Coj UaCov. 9le ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 1.

Firestein GS, Stanford SM. Kev siv tshuab ntawm kev kho thiab nqaij kho. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil TshuajCov. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 42.

Qhuas KS, Chinen J. Haum kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, li al, eds. Middleton Allergy: Cov Hauv Paus Ntsiab Lus thiab Kev Coj UaCov. 9le ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 2.