Kab xeb loj

Txoj hnyuv hauv daim tawv (colorectal polyp) yog ib qho kev loj hlob nyob rau sab hauv txoj hnyuv los yog qhov quav.

Cov polyps ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab lub qhov quav feem ntau yog benign. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tsis yog mob cancer. Tej zaum koj yuav muaj ib lossis ntau polyps. Lawv dhau los ua ntau dua nrog lub hnub nyoog. Muaj ntau hom polyps.

Adenomatous polyps yog hom ntau. Lawv yog cov caj pas zoo li kev loj hlob uas tshwm sim ntawm cov qog ua kua xoos uas ua rau txoj hnyuv. Lawv tseem hu ua adenomas thiab feem ntau yog ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Tubular polyp, uas tawm ntawm cov lumen (qhib chaw) ntawm txoj hnyuv
• Villous adenoma, uas yog qee zaum tiaj thiab kis tau, thiab feem ntau yuav ua mob cancer

Thaum adenomas ua rau qog, lawv lub npe hu ua adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas yog cov qog nqaij hlav uas tuaj ntawm cov keeb ua cov qog ua ntshav. Adenocarcinoma yog hom mob khees xaws tshaj plaws.

Lwm hom polyps yog:

• Hyperplastic polyps, uas tsis tshua muaj, yog tias puas, hloov mus rau mob qog noj ntshav
• Serrated polyps, uas tsis tshua muaj ntau, tab sis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau mob qog noj lub sijhawm

Polyps loj dua 1 centimeter (cm) muaj kev pheej hmoo mob qog nqaij hlav ntau dua li polyps me dua 1 centimeter. Yam txaus ntshai muaj xws li:

• Lub hnub nyoog
• Tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm mob hnyuv lossis polyps
• Ib hom polyp hu ua villous adenoma

Coob tus ntawm cov neeg uas muaj polyps kuj tuaj yeem txuas nrog qee qhov tsis sib haum, xws li:

• Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• Gardner syndrome (hom mob FAP)
• Cov hluas polyposis (kab mob uas ua rau muaj ntau txoj kev loj hlob hauv txoj hnyuv, feem ntau ua ntej hnub nyoog 20 xyoo)
• Lynch syndrome (HNPCC, yog ib yam kab mob uas ua rau muaj ntau yam mob khees-xaws, nrog rau hauv plab hnyuv)
• Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (kab mob uas ua rau mob hnyuv polyps, feem ntau nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv thiab feem ntau yog me)

Polyps feem ntau tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi. Thaum qhia tam sim no, cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Cov ntshav hauv cov quav
• Hloov quav
• Qaug zog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntshav thaum lub sijhawm

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj mob lub cev. Yuav muaj ib qho polyp loj rau hauv lub qhov quav yuav hnov ​​nyob rau qhov kuaj mob.

Cov polyps feem ntau pom nrog cov ntawv hauv qab no:

• Barium enema (tsis tshua muaj ua)
• Kev kuaj mob hnyuv
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Kuaj cov quav rau cov ntshav (zais)
• Kev kuaj txoj hnyuv
• Cov quav DNA kuaj
• Ntsuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsawg (FIT)

Kev siv txoj hnyuv tawm yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm vim tias qee qhov tuaj yeem tsim kho mob qog noj ntshav. Feem ntau, cov polyps tuaj yeem tshem tawm thaum xoos hnyuv laus.

Rau cov neeg muaj adenomatous polyps, tshiab polyps tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav tom ntej. Koj yuav tsum tau rov kuaj txoj hnyuv tas, feem ntau 1 txog 10 xyoo tom qab, nyob ntawm:

• Koj lub hnub nyoog thiab kev noj qab haus huv dav dav
• Cov lej ntawm polyps koj muaj
• Qhov loj me thiab hom ntawm polyps
• Tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm polyps lossis mob cancer

Muaj qee zaus, thaum polyps muaj feem ntau yuav dhau mus ua mob qog nqaij hlav lossis loj heev rau tshem tawm thaum txoj kev mob txoj hnyuv, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua ib qho colectomy. Qhov no yog kev phais kom tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov nyuv uas muaj cov polyps.

Qhov pom pom tau zoo yog tias qhov polyps tshem tawm. Cov polyps tsis tau muab tshem tawm tuaj yeem tshwm sim tau mob qog noj ntshav zuj zus.

Hu rau koj tus kws khomob yog koj muaj:

• Cov ntshav nyob rau hauv lub plab nyhuv
• Hloov quav ua haujlwm

Txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim polyps:

• Noj zaub mov uas muaj rog thiab noj ntau dua cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub thiab fiber ntau.
• Tsis txhob haus luam yeeb thiab tsis haus dej haus cawv rau hauv qhov tshaj.
• Tswj lub cev hnyav.
• Ua kom ib ce muaj zog tas li.

Koj tus kws khomob tuaj yeem xaj xoos hnyuv lossis lwm yam kev kuaj mob:

• Cov kev kuaj no pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob mob cancer nyuv los ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab tshem tawm polyps ua ntej lawv ua cancer. Qhov no yuav txo qhov muaj feem ntawm kev muaj mob qog nqaij hlav, lossis tsawg kawg pab ntes nws hauv feem ntau txoj kev kho mob.
• Cov neeg feem ntau yuav tsum pib kuaj mob no thaum muaj hnub nyoog 50. Cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm mob caj dab lossis mob hnyuv tws yuav tsum raug kuaj thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntxov dua lossis ntau dua.

Noj cov tshuaj aspirin, naproxen, ibuprofen, lossis cov tshuaj zoo sib xws yuav pab txo kev pheej hmoo rau polyps tshiab. Nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem muaj kev phiv loj heev yog tias siv sijhawm ntev. Cov kev mob tshwm sim suav nrog los ntshav hauv plab lossis mob hnyuv thiab mob plawv. Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej noj cov tshuaj no.

Lub plab hnyuv polyps; Polyps - txoj hnyuv loj; Adenomatous polyps; Hyperplastic polyps; Lub teb chaws adenomas; Ua haujlwm polyp; Ua adenoma; Cov kab ntsig tsis tseem ceeb; Mob hnyuv tws - polyps; Los ntshav - ua mob rau sab hauv polyps

• Kev kuaj mob hnyuv
• Lub plab zom mov

Cov Lus Qhia Kev Kuaj Mob Hauv Cov Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Tus Kws Kho Mob. Kev kuaj mob rau tus mob hnyuv laus hauv cov neeg laus txoj kev pheej hmoo: cov lus qhia los ntawm American College ntawm Cov Kws Kho Mob. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 171 (9): 643-654. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683290.

Garber JJ, Chung DC. Colonic polyps thiab polyposis syndromes. Hauv: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger thiab Fordtran mob hnyuv thiab nplooj siab mob. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap 126.

Lub Tebchaws National Comprehensive Cancer Network lub vev xaib. NCCN kev soj ntsuam kev coj ua hauv oncology (NCCN cov txheej txheem): kev kuaj mob kheesxaws ncauj tsev menyuam. Daim Ntawv 1.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf. Hloov kho thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 6, 2020. Nkag mus rau Lub Rau Hli 10, 2020.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, li al. Kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav cancer: kev pom zoo rau cov kws kho mob thiab cov neeg mob los ntawm Asmeskas Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Ntau Lub Koom Haum rau Kab Mob Qog Qog. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. PMID: 28555630 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630.