Mob Hlwb Mob Hlwb Ntev (COPD)

Kab Mob Hlav Mob Hlwb (COPD) yog ib qho kev mob ntsws uas neeg pheej siv heev. Muaj COPD ua rau ua pa nyuaj.

Nws muaj ob daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm COPD:

• Mob ntsws ntev, uas cuam tshuam nrog hnoos ntev ntev nrog hnoos qeev
• Mob ntsws (Emphysema), uas cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws thaum lub sijhawm

Feem coob ntawm cov neeg mob COPD muaj kev sib txuam ua ke ob qho tib si.

Kev haus luam yeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau mob COPD. Thaum ib tus neeg haus luam yeeb ntau, nws yuav muaj tus mob COPD ntau dua. Tab sis qee cov neeg haus luam yeeb rau xyoo thiab tsis kis COPD.

Qee zaus, cov tsis haus ntshav uas tsis muaj protein ntau hu ua alpha-1 antitrypsin tuaj yeem txhim kho emphysema.

Lwm yam kev phom sij rau COPD yog:

• Raug rau qee yam roj cua lossis pa taws hauv chaw ua haujlwm
• Raug rau cov pa luam yeeb ntau thiab cov pa phem
• Nquag siv los ntawm lub cub tawg tsis muaj qhov cua zoo

Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog ib qho hauv qab no:

• Hnoos, nrog lossis tsis hnoos qeev
• Nkees
• Ntau tus kab mob ua pa
• Ua tsis taus pa ntawm qhov ua pa tsis zoo (dyspnea) uas mob heev dua nrog cov kev ua si me
• Teeb meem txais ib ua tsis taus pa
• Hawb pob

Vim tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim qeeb, ntau tus neeg yuav tsis paub tias lawv muaj COPD.

Qhov kev sim zoo tshaj plaws rau COPD yog kuaj lub ntsws saib lub zog hu ua spirometry. Qhov no suav nrog tshuab ua kom nyuaj li sai tau rau hauv lub tshuab me me uas ntsuas lub peev xwm ntsws. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tam sim ntawd.

Kev siv lub stethoscope mloog rau lub ntsws kuj tseem yuav pab tau zoo, ua kom lub sijhawm ntev lossis hawb pob. Tab sis qee zaum, lub ntsws zoo li qub, txawm tias ib tug neeg muaj mob COPD.

Kev ntsuas qog ntawm lub ntsws, xws li xoo hluav taws xob thiab CT scan yuav xaj. Nrog kev xoo hluav taws xob, lub ntsws yuav saib zoo li qub, txawm tias ib tug neeg muaj mob COPD. Qhov xaj CT feem ntau yuav pom cov cim ntawm COPD.

Qee zaum, kuaj ntshav hu ua arterial blood gas tuaj yeem ntsuas ntsuas cov pa oxygen thiab carbon dioxide hauv cov ntshav.

Yog tias koj tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv xav tias koj muaj alpha-1 antitrypsin tsis txaus, kev kuaj ntshav yuav raug yuam kom kuaj pom tus mob no.

Tsis muaj ib txoj kev kho tau tus mob COPD. Tab sis muaj ntau yam koj tuaj yeem ua los daws cov tsos mob thiab ua kom tus kab mob tsis txhob mob ntxiv.

Yog tias koj haus luam yeeb, tam sim no yog lub sijhawm txiav luam yeeb. Nov yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom qeeb qeeb ntawm lub ntsws.

Cov tshuaj siv los kho COPD suav nrog:

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sai sai los pab qhib txoj hlab pa
• Tswj tshuaj kom txo tus mob ntsws
• Cov tshuaj los tiv thaiv kom txo qis o hauv cov hlab pa
• Qee hom tshuaj tua kab mob mus ntev

Thaum muaj mob hnyav lossis thaum muaj kev ntoj ke tuag, koj yuav tsum tau txais:

• Cov kab mob hauv qhov ncauj lossis tawm ntawm cov leeg ntshav (leeg ntshav)
• Bronchodilators los ntawm ib qho tshuaj tua hluav taws
• Kev kho mob oxygen
• Kev pab los ntawm lub tshuab kom pab ua pa tau los ntawm kev siv lub looj ntsej muag lossis siv los ntawm kev siv cov raj tsoos

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv tawm tshuaj tua kab mob rau thaum cov tsos mob tshwm sim, vim hais tias muaj mob yuav ua rau COPD haj yam phem.

Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev pab oxygen nyob tom tsev yog tias koj muaj oxygen tsawg nyob hauv koj cov ntshav.

Kev kho kom rov zoo ntshav tsis zoo yuav kho tsis tau COPD. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem qhia koj ntau ntxiv txog tus kabmob, qhia koj ua pa txawv lwm tus yog li koj tuaj yeem ua ub ua no thiab mloog tau zoo dua, thiab ua kom koj ua haujlwm ntawm qib siab tau.

NYOB NROG COPD

Koj tuaj yeem ua txhua yam txhua hnub txhawm rau tiv thaiv COPD kom tsis txhob mob ntxiv, tiv thaiv koj lub ntsws, thiab noj qab nyob zoo.

Taug kev los txhim kho lub zog:

• Nug tus kws khomob lossis kws saib xyuas kev kom taug kev kom deb.
• Maj mam nce kom deb li cas koj taug kev.
• Zam txhob tham yog koj ua pa luv thaum taug kev.
• Siv caum nplaig thaum tshuab pa ua pa, kom koj lub ntsws tawm ua ntej cov pa tom ntej.

Yam uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim rau koj tus kheej hauv tsev xws li:

• Txav deb ntawm huab cua txias lossis huab cua sov heev
• Nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj neeg haus luam yeeb hauv koj lub tsev
• Txo cov pa phem los ntawm qhov tsis siv lub qhov cub thiab ua rau lwm yam ua kom mob siab
• Tswj kev ntxhov siab thiab koj lub siab
• Siv pa oxygen yog tias tsim rau koj

Noj zaub mov zoo, nrog rau ntses, nqaij qaib, thiab nqaij ntshiv, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub. Yog tias nws nyuaj rau koj qhov hnyav, tham nrog tus kws muab kev noj haus lossis tus kws qhia noj zaub mov hais txog kev noj zaub mov nrog cov calories ntau.

Kev phais mob lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem siv los kho COPD. Tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov kev phais mob no:

• Ib-seem txoj kev tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tso nrog txoj kev kho mob bronchoscopy kom pab txhaws qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsws uas muaj hyperinflated (overinflated) hauv kev xaiv cov neeg mob.
• Kev phais mob kom tshem tawm qee qhov kev mob ntsws, uas tuaj yeem pab ua kom tsis muaj cov kabmob tsawg ua haujlwm zoo dua rau qee tus neeg mob emphysema.
• Lub ntsws hloov rau qee qhov me me ntawm tus mob hnyav.

Koj tuaj yeem daws kev ntxhov siab kev mob los ntawm koom nrog pab pawg txhawb nqa.Faib qhia rau lwm tus uas muaj kev paub thiab teeb meem ntau yam tuaj yeem pab koj tsis txhob xav tias yog ib leeg.

COPD yog mob ntev (mob) ntev. Tus kabmob yuav mob sai dua yog tias koj tsis txiav luam yeeb.

Yog tias koj mob COPD, koj yuav ua pa luv nrog cov haujlwm feem ntau. Koj tuaj yeem yuav mus nyob hauv tsev kho mob ntau dua.

Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog tshuab ua pa thiab tu thaum lub neej muaj mob zuj zus.

Nrog COPD, koj yuav muaj lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv xws li:

• Lub plawv dhia tsis xwm yeem (arrhythmia)
• Xav tau rau lub tshuab ua pa thiab cov pa kho
• Txoj cai lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm lossis mob ntsws ntsig (mob plawv o thiab lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm vim yog mob ntsws ntsws)
• Mob ntsws o
• Lub ntsws ntsws uas ntsws (pneumothorax)
• Kev hnyav hnyav thiab ua tsis tau zoo
• Thinning ntawm cov pob txha (osteoporosis)
• Xijpeem
• Ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dua

Mus rau chav kho mob maj nrawm lossis hu rau tus npawb xov tooj xwm ceev hauv nroog (xws li 911) yog tias koj ua pa hnyav sai.

Tsis haus luam yeeb tiv thaiv COPD feem ntau. Nug koj tus kws kho mob txog cov kev pab txiav luam yeeb. Tshuaj muaj peev xwm pab tau kom koj tsis txhob haus luam yeeb.

COPD; Cov hlab ntsws ua mus sij hawm ntev; Mob ntsws ntev obstructive mob ntsws; Mob ntsws ntev; Emphysema; Kab mob ntsws - mob ntev

• Antiplatelet tshuaj - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Cov tshuaj aspirin thiab kab mob plawv
• Nquag nquag tom qab koj lub plawv nres
• Lub ntsws muaj mob ntsws tsis txawj zoo - cov neeg laus - paug
• COPD - tswj yeeb tshuaj
• COPD - cov tshuaj sai sai
• COPD - dab tsi los nug koj tus kws kho mob
• Yuav ua li cas ua pa thaum koj tseem ua pa luv
• Kev Siv Lub Cav Siv Tshuaj Nebulizer
• Kev siv lub tshuaj txau - tsis muaj lub raj tshuaj
• Kev siv lub tshuaj txau - nrog lub raj tshuaj
• Kev siv koj lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas kub tshaj plaws
• Mob ntsws phais - kev tshem tawm
• Ua kom lub cev yaug ntws tus cwj pwm
• Cov pa oxygen kev nyab xeeb
• Mus ncig ua si nrog cov teeb meem ua pa
• Siv cov pa oxygen hauv tsev
• Siv cov pa oxygen hauv tsev - dab tsi yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob

• Spirometry
• Emphysema
• Mob ntsws ntsws
• Txiav kev haus luam yeeb
• COPD (mob tsis ua mob ntsws)
• Kev ua pa system

Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Pulmonary kev kho. Hauv: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, li al, eds. Murray thiab Nadel Cov Ntawv Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov PaCov. 6 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 105.

Kev Koom Tes Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Mob ntsws ntev ob leeg tsis muaj tus mob (KUB) lub vev xaib. Cov tswv yim thoob ntiaj teb rau kev kuaj mob, kev tswj hwm, thiab kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob ntsws ua rau tsis mob ntsws: 2020 daim ntawv tshaj tawm. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Nkag mus rau Lub Rau Hli 3, 2020.

Han MK, Laxalaus SC. COPD: kev kuaj mob thiab chaw tswj xyuas. Hauv: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, li al, eds. Murray thiab Nadel Cov Ntawv Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov PaCov. 6 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chaaj 44.

Lub Koom Haum Tebchaws ntawm Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Lub Plawv Hauv Lub Tebchaws, Lub ntsws, thiab ntshav lub koom haum lub vev xaib. COPD daim phiaj xwm thoob tebchaws. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. Hloov kho Tsib Hlis 22, 2017. Nkag mus rau Lub Plaub Hlis 29, 2020.