Mob hluav taws xob

Mob hluav taws xob yog qhov mob thiab cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob ntau dhau.

Muaj ob hom ntsiab hluav taws xob: nonionizing thiab ionizing.

• Kev siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo los ua teeb ci, xov tooj cua vias, microwaves thiab radar. Cov ntawv no feem ntau tsis ua rau cov nqaij puas.
• Ionizing hluav taws xob ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob gamma, thiab cov tawg pob tawg (neutron nqaj, cov kab hluav taws xob, cov nplaim hluav taws xob, cov nplaim hluav taws xob, thiab lwm tus) muab cov hluav taws xob ionizing. Kev xoo hluav taws xob no siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho mob. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam thiab chaw tsim khoom, riam phom thiab riam phom kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam.

Mob hluav taws xob mob tshwm sim thaum tib neeg (lossis lwm yam tsiaj) cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob ntau dhau.

Raug hluav taws xob tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog qhov nthuav loj (mob hnyav). Lossis nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li kev sib kis me me kis thaum lub sij hawm dhau los (mob ntev). Raug yam tsis raug xwm txheej los yog txhob txwm (zoo li hauv hluav taws xob kho mob kho tus mob).

Kev mob mob mus rau hluav taws xob feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev raug mob hnyav thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwm sim uas tshwm sim raws li qhov tau npaj tseg. Tus neeg muaj mob ntau zaus cuam tshuam nrog kev kho mob qeeb xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab laus ua ntej, uas yuav tshwm sim ntev mus.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo rau mob qog noj yog nyob ntawm lub koob tshuaj thiab pib txhim tsa, txawm tias tau txais ntau npaum li cas los xij. Tsis muaj "qhov pib tsawg kawg nkaus."

Tawm ntawm xoo hluav taws xob lossis xoo gamma yog ntsuas hauv cov khoom ntawm roentgens. Piv txwv li:

• Tag nrho lub cev raug ntawm 100 roentgens / rad lossis 1 Chav Grey (Gy) ua rau muaj mob nhyav heev.
• Kev siv lub cev tag nrho ntawm 400 roentgens / rad (lossis 4 Gy) ua rau kev mob nkees thiab kev tuag ua ib nrab ntawm cov neeg uas tau kis. Yog tias tsis muaj kev kho mob, yuav luag txhua tus neeg uas tau txais ntau dua cov nqi hluav taws xob no yuav tuag nyob hauv 30 hnub.
• 100,000 tus neeg mob siab / rad (1,000 Gy) ua rau yuav luag tsis nco qab thiab tuag tam sim ntawd hauv ib teev.

Qhov mob hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob thiab mob (mob hnyav hluav taws xob) nyob ntawm hom thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm kev tawg, koj raug ntev npaum li cas, thiab qhov twg ntawm lub cev tau raug. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab tau nphav raug, lossis dhau ob peb hnub tom ntej, vas thiv lossis ntau hli. Cov pob txha mob thiab mob plab hnyuv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau hluav taws xob raug mob. Cov menyuam yaus thiab menyuam yaus tseem nyob hauv lub tsev menyuam yog cov ua rau raug mob hnyav los ntawm hluav taws xob ntau.

Vim tias nws nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau npaum li cas los ntawm kev sib tsoo nuclear, cov cim zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib kis tau yooj yim yog: lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas ntawm qhov kis tau thiab pib cov tsos mob, qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm kev hloov pauv dawb ntshav ntshav. Yog tias ib tus neeg ntuav tsawg dua li ib teev tom qab tau kis, uas feem ntau txhais tau tias cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob tau txais yog heev thiab yuav tuag taus.

Cov menyuam yaus uas tau txais kev kho mob hluav taws xob lossis cov raug hluav taws xob tsis zoo yuav raug kho raws li lawv cov tsos mob thiab lawv cov ntshav ntshav tau suav nrog. Kev tshawb nrhiav ntshav ib ce yog qhov tsim nyog thiab yuav tsum hno me me los ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau txoj hlab ntshav kom tau cov ntshav coj mus kuaj.

Cov ua rau muaj:

• Kev sib tsoo nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau, xws li hluav taws xob tawg los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob nuclear.
• Raug cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau rau kev kho mob.

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob mob tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Tsis muaj zog, nkees, tsaus muag, tsis meej pem
  
• Los ntshav los ntawm lub qhov ntswg, qhov ncauj, cov pos hniav, thiab qhov quav
• Ua kom tawv nqaij, ua paug rau cov tawv nqaij, qhib qhov txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua paug tawv nqaij
• Lub cev qhuav dej
• Raws plab, tso ntshav tawm
• Ua npaws
• Cov plaub hau poob lawm
• Cov mob o ntawm thaj chaw (liab, daj, o, los ntshav)
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav, suav nrog ntuav ntshav
• Mob nqaij hlav (qhov ncauj tawm) nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, txoj hlab nqos mov (lub raj xa khoom noj), plab lossis hnyuv

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov tsos mob no. Cov tshuaj noj tuaj yeem kho tshuaj kom pab txo qhov xeev siab, ntuav, thiab mob. Muab tau cov ntshav ntxiv rau cov ntshav (tsis muaj ntshav liab tsawg.) Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los tiv thaiv lossis sib kis kab mob.

Muab kev pabcuam ua ntej rau cov neeg raug hluav taws xob yuav ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm cawm siav mus rau hluav taws xob tshwj tsis yog lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum raug tshem tawm kom tsis txhob ua rau raug mob rau lwm tus.

• Xyuas tus neeg qhov ua pa thiab tus mem tes.
• Pib CPR, yog tias tsim nyog.
• Tshem tus neeg ntawd cov khaub ncaws thiab muab cov khoom tso rau hauv cov thawv ntim khoom. Qhov no nres paug tsis tu ncua.
• Nco ntsoov ntxuav xab npus thiab dej kom huv.
• Qhuav tus neeg raug mob thiab qhwv nrog tus muag muag, pam huv si.
• Hu kev pab kho mob xwm txheej ceev lossis coj tus neeg mus rau lub tsev kho mob xwm txheej ceev ze tshaj yog koj tuaj yeem ua tau nyab xeeb.
• Tshaj qhia qhov kis rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thaum muaj xwm ceev.

Yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim thaum lossis tom qab kho hluav taws xob:

• Qhia tus kws kho mob lossis nrhiav kev kho mob sai.
• Maj mam muab cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam.
• Kho cov tsos mob los yog mob raws li kws kho mob pom zoo.

• TSIS TXHOB nyob ntawm thaj chaw uas raug tus kab mob.
• Tsis txhob pleev cov tshuaj pleev rau qhov chaw hlawv.
• TSIS TXHOB nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws tsis huv.
• TSIS TXHOB nrhiav kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev.

Cov kev tiv thaiv muaj xws li:

• Zam tsis txhob raug cov hluav taws xob uas tsis tseem ceeb, suav nrog kev ntsuas CT tsis zoo thiab xoo hluav taws xob.
• Cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj hluav taws xob yuav tsum hnav cov pa ntsuas ntsuas los ntsuas lawv qib.
• Kev tiv thaiv daim hlau tiv thaiv yuav tsum tso rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub cev tsis raug saib xyuas lossis kawm thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas xoo hluav taws xob lossis duab hluav taws xob.

Hluav taws xob lom; Raug mob tawg; Rad lom

• Kev siv hluav taws xob

Hryhorczuk D, Theobald JL. Hluav taws xob raug mob. Hauv: Phab Ntsa RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Cov Tshuaj Siv Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev: Cov Ntsiab Lus thiab Kev Siv TshuajCov. 9le ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 138.

Sundaram T. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb hauv kev ua duab. Hauv: Torigian DA, Ramchandani P, eds. Radiology Secrets Ntxiv. 4 tug ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 7.