Ntshav xyaw thiab lawv cov haujlwm

Zoo Siab

• Ntshav Cheebtsam
• 1. Ntshav
• 2. Cov kabmob ntshav liab lossis erythrocytes
• 3. Leukocytes lossis cov qe ntshav dawb
• 4. Platelets lossis thrombocytes
• Hom ntshav

Ntshav yog cov kua dej uas muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, xws li thauj cov pa oxygen, cov as-ham thiab cov tshuaj hormones rau lub hlwb, tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws thiab cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob thiab kev tswj hwm tus kab mob, ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm tshem cov ntaub so ntswg cov tshuaj tsim hauv cov dej num ntawm tes thiab uas yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob hauv lub cev, xws li carbon dioxide thiab urea.

Cov ntshav yog tsim los ntawm dej, cov enzymes, cov protein, cov zaub mov thiab lub hlwb, xws li cov ntshav liab, platelets thiab leukocytes, uas yog lub hlwb ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav. Yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub hlwb nyob rau hauv qhov ntau txaus kom tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Kev hloov pauv hauv cov qe ntshav hauv lub cev tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas qee yam kab mob uas yuav tshwm sim, xws li ntshav liab, ntshav roj, mob o lossis mob kis, piv txwv, uas yuav tsum tau kho.

Kev ntsuam xyuas uas ntsuas cov ntshav hauv ntshav yog paub tias kev ua tiav cov ntshav thiab nws tsis tas yuav tsum ua qhov ntsuas nrawm no, nws tsuas yog qhia kom zam kev haus dej haus cawv 48 teev ua ntej ntsuas thiab kom tsis txhob qoj ib ce 1 hnub ua ntej, raws li lawv yuav cuam ​​tshuam nrog kev soj ntsuam. Saib seb cov ntshav suav yog dab tsi thiab yuav tau txhais nws li cas.

Ntshav Cheebtsam

Cov ntshav tau los ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm. Cov kua ua feem yog hu ua ntshav, 90% ntawm cov tsuas yog dej thiab qhov so yog tsim ntawm cov protein, enzymes thiab tshuaj ntxhia.

Cov khoom tawv yog suav nrog kev xam pom cov ntsiab lus, uas yog lub hlwb xws li cov ntshav liab, leukocytes thiab platelets thiab cov uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kabmob.

1. Ntshav

Ntshav yog cov kua los ntawm cov ntshav, ua khov nyob rau hauv cov xwm yeem thiab daj muaj xim. Ntshav yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab cov protein ua tam sim no yog globulins, albumin thiab fibrinogen. Plasma muaj qhov ua haujlwm thauj cov carbon dioxide, cov as-ham thiab co toxins uas ua los ntawm cov hlwb, ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm thauj cov tshuaj thoob plaws lub cev.

2. Cov kabmob ntshav liab lossis erythrocytes

Cov qe ntshav liab yog qhov ua tawv, liab feem ntawm cov ntshav uas muaj cov haujlwm ua haujlwm xa cov pa oxygen mus thoob hauv lub cev, vim nws muaj hemoglobin. Cov kabmob ntshav liab yog tsim los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, kav ntev txog 120 hnub thiab tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm raug rhuav tshem hauv daim siab thiab tus po.

Tus nqi ntawm cov ntshav liab hauv 1 cubic mm hauv cov txiv neej yog txog 5 lab thiab hauv cov poj niam nws yog li ntawm 4,5 lab, thaum cov nqi no qis dua qhov kev cia siab, tus neeg yuav muaj ntshav khov. Qhov kev suav no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev kuaj mob hu ua kev suav cov ntshav.

Yog tias koj tau mus kuaj ntshav tsis ntev tas los no thiab xav nkag siab qhov txiaj ntsig yuav txhais tau li cas, sau koj cov lus qhia ntawm no:

3. Leukocytes lossis cov qe ntshav dawb

Leukocytes yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab raug tsim los ntawm cov pob txha mob thiab cov qog ntshav. Leukocytes yog li ntawm neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes thiab monocytes.

• Neutrophils: Lawv pabcuam rau tua cov menyuam tsis raug mob thiab kis tau los ntawm cov kab mob lossis cov hu ua fungi. Qhov no qhia tau tias yog kev kuaj ntshav qhia pom tias nce neutrophils, tus neeg yuav muaj qee qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm tus kab mob lossis cov pwm. Neutrophils muaj cov kab mob thiab cov hu ua fungi, muab cov kev tawm tsam uas tsis zoo siv tsis tau, tab sis tom qab ntawd kev tuag ua rau muaj qhov paug. Yog tias cov kua paug no tsis tawm ntawm lub cev, nws ua rau o thiab tsim muaj pus.
• Eosinophils: Lawv pab txhawm rau tua cov kis kab mob thiab kev ua xua.
• Pob Tsuas Xyooj: Lawv pab txhawm rau tua cov kab mob thiab kev ua xua, lawv ua rau tso cov histamine, uas ua rau vasodilation kom muaj zog tiv thaiv ntau dua cov kab mob tuaj yeem ncav cuag thaj chaw tsim nyog rau kev tshem tawm cov neeg sawv cev.
• Lymphocytes: Lawv muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov kab ke lymphatic tab sis kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav thiab yog ntawm 2 hom: B thiab T cell uas pabcuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tua cov vais lav thiab mob hlwb.
• Monocytes: Lawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm cov hlab ntshav thiab tshwj xeeb hauv phagocytosis, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev tua tus neeg tua neeg thiab nthuav tawm ib feem ntawm qhov ntxeem tau mus rau T lymphocyte kom ntau cov qog tiv thaiv hlwb tsim tawm.

Nkag siab ntxiv txog dab tsi leukocytes yog thiab dab tsi yog qhov muaj nuj nqis siv.

4. Platelets lossis thrombocytes

Platelets yog cov ntshav ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev txiav tu ncua ntshav nrog kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws. Txhua 1 qhov cubic millimeter ntawm cov ntshav yuav tsum muaj 150,000 txog 400,000 platelets.

Thaum tus neeg muaj cov platelets tsawg dua li ib txwm muaj teeb meem ntawm kev txiav ntshav, tej zaum yuav muaj kev hem thawj uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag, thiab thaum muaj platelets ntau dua li ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim thrombus uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qee cov hlab ntshav uas tuaj yeem ua rau infarction, mob stroke lossis pulmonary embolism. Saib dab tsi siab thiab qis platelets tuaj yeem txhais.

Hom ntshav

Cov ntshav tau muab cais tawm raws li qhov muaj los ntawm lossis tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj antigens A thiab B nyob rau ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Yog li, 4 hom ntshav tuaj yeem txhais tau raws li ABO kev faib tawm:

1. Ntshav hom A, hauv cov qe ntshav liab muaj cov tshuaj antigen A rau lawv saum npoo thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B;
2. Ntshav hom B, hauv cov qe ntshav liab muaj B antigen rau lawv saum npoo thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv A-tiv thaiv;
3. Hom ntshav AB, hauv cov qe ntshav liab muaj ob hom antigen nyob rau ntawm lawv;
4. Hom ntshav O, nyob rau hauv uas erythrocytes tsis muaj antigens, nrog kev tsim tawm ntawm anti-A thiab anti-B antigens.

Hom ntshav tau qhia thaum yug los ntawm kev kuaj ntsuas lub cev. Nrhiav kom paub tag nrho koj cov ntshav hom.

Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov ntshav thiab nkag siab txog kev pub dawb pab tau li cas, hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no: