Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 siv tau li cas?

Zoo Siab

• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 ua haujlwm li cas?
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 siv tau li cas?
• Qhov no txhais li cas rau koj?
• Ntsuam xyuas rau

Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Khoom Noj thiab Tshuaj (FDA) twb tau tso cai ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 hauv Asmeskas rau kev siv los ntawm pej xeem. Cov neeg sib tw tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm ob qho tib si Pfizer thiab Moderna tau pom cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo hauv kev sim tshuaj loj, thiab cov kab ke kev noj qab haus huv thoob plaws tebchaws tam sim no tau nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no rau cov neeg coob coob.

Nws yog txhua yam xov xwm zoo siab - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab rub mus txog li ib xyoos ntawm # kis thoob ntiaj teb - tab sis nws tsuas yog ib txwm muaj cov lus nug txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 thiab dab tsi, qhov tseeb, qhov no txhais tau rau koj.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 ua haujlwm li cas?

Muaj ob qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv loj tau txais kev saib xyuas hauv Asmeskas tam sim no: Ib qho yog tsim los ntawm Pfizer, thiab lwm qhov los ntawm Moderna. Ob lub tuam txhab tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab hu ua messenger RNA (mRNA).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev suav ib feem ntawm cov protein ntau uas pom muaj nyob saum SARS-CoV-2, tus kab mob uas ua rau COVID-19, raws li Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv thiab Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob. Hloov chaw tso tus kab mob tsis ua haujlwm hauv koj lub cev (raws li ua tiav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas), cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA siv cov khoom ntawm cov protein encoded los ntawm SARs-CoV-2 los ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm koj lub cev thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, piav qhia tus kws tshaj lij kis mob Amesh A Adalja, MD, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

Koj lub cev thaum kawg tshem tawm cov protein thiab mRNA, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj zog. CDC tshaj tawm tias yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv kom paub tseeb tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsim los ntawm ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav kav ntev npaum li cas. (Txog: Qhov Kev Ntsuas Tus Kab Mob Coronavirus Zoo Li Cas Tiag Tiag?)

Lwm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov raj xa dej yog los ntawm Johnson & Johnson. Lub tuam txhab tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm nws daim ntawv thov rau FDA rau kev tso cai siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID, uas ua haujlwm me ntsis txawv dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim los ntawm Pfizer thiab Moderna. Rau ib yam, nws tsis yog txhaj tshuaj mRNA. Theej, Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tshuaj tiv thaiv adenovector, uas txhais tau tias nws siv tus kab mob inactivated (adenovirus, uas ua rau mob khaub thuas) ua tus thauj khoom xa cov protein (hauv qhov no, cov protein ntau ntxiv rau saum SARS) -CoV-2) uas koj lub cev tuaj yeem lees paub tias yog kev hem thawj thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. (Ntxiv ntawm no: Txhua Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Txog Johnson & Johnson's COVID-19 Vaccine)

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 siv tau li cas?

Pfizer tau qhia tawm thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis tias nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv "ntau dua 90 feem pua ​​muaj txiaj ntsig" ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm COVID-19 kev kis mob. Moderna tseem tau tshaj tawm tias nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog 94.5 feem pua ​​muaj txiaj ntsig los tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm COVID-19.

Txog cov ntsiab lus, tseem tsis tau txhaj tshuaj mRNA pom zoo los ntawm FDA ua ntej. "Tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA txog niaj hnub no vim tias qhov no yog thev naus laus zis tshuaj tiv thaiv tshiab," hais tias Jill Weatherhead, MD, tus pab xibfwb qhia tshuaj ntsuab thiab chaw kis kab mob ntawm Baylor College of Medicine. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj, ntawm qhov ua tau zoo lossis lwm yam, ntxiv Dr. Weatherhead.

Qhov ntawd tau hais tias, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no thiab thev naus laus zis tom qab lawv tau "raug tshuaj xyuas nruj," Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., tus xibfwb qhia ntawv hauv tseem hwv tseem fwv thiab tus xibfwb qhia kev cai lij choj ntawm Cornell University, uas nyuam qhuav luam tawm tsab ntawv tshawb fawb txog ntawm yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau Asmeskas cov neeg laus txaus siab kom tau txais tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, qhia Cov duab.

Qhov tseeb, CDC tshaj tawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm tshuaj tiv thaiv mRNA rau "ntau caum xyoo" hauv kev sim tshuaj rau tus mob khaub thuas, Zika, mob vwm, thiab cytomegalovirus (hom kab mob herpesvirus). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tsis tau ua dhau los ntawm thawj theem rau ntau qhov laj thawj, suav nrog "qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo" thiab "kev tiv thaiv kab mob me me," raws li CDC. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib thev naus laus zis tsis ntev los no "tau txo cov kev cov nyom no thiab txhim kho lawv txoj kev ruaj ntseg, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua tau zoo," yog li nthuav txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19, raws li lub chaw haujlwm. (Txog: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas tiv thaiv koj los ntawm tus mob coronavirus?)

Raws li rau Johnson & Johnson cov tshuaj tiv thaiv adenovector, lub tuam txhab tau hais hauv xov xwm tshaj tawm tias nws qhov kev kuaj mob loj ntawm ze li ntawm 44,000 tus tib neeg pom tias, tag nrho, nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 tau 85 feem pua ​​muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv COVID-19 hnyav, nrog "ua tiav tiv thaiv COVID-txog kev mus pw hauv tsev kho mob thiab tuag" 28 hnub tom qab txhaj tshuaj.

Tsis zoo li mRNA cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv adenovector xws li Johnson & Johnson tsis yog lub tswv yim tshiab. Oxford thiab AstraZeneca qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19-uas tau pom zoo siv hauv EU thiab UK thaum Lub Ib Hlis (FDA tam sim no tab tom tos cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm AstraZeneca qhov kev sim tshuaj ua ntej txiav txim siab Asmeskas kev tso cai,New York Times ceeb toom) - siv cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws adenovirus. Johnson & Johnson kuj tau siv cov thev naus laus zis no los tsim nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Ebola, uas tau pom tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev.

Qhov no txhais li cas rau koj?

Hais tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog 90 feem pua ​​(lossis ntau dua) siv tau zoo heev. Tab sis qhov no puas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv COVID-19 lub tiv thaiv koj los ntawm tus mob hnyav yog tias kis tau - lossis ob qho tib si? Nws yog me ntsis ruam.

"[Moderna's thiab Pfizer's] kev sim siab tau tsim los ua kom pom qhov ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov tsos mob, txawm tias cov tsos mob zoo li cas," Thomas Russo, MD, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus thawj coj ntawm tus kab mob sib kis ntawm University of Buffalo hauv New York. Hauv paus, feem pua ​​​​ntawm kev ua tau zoo qhia tias koj tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm COVID-19 tom qab koj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tag nrho (Pfizer's thiab Moderna cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj ob koob tshuaj - peb lub lis piam ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau Pfizer, plaub lub lis piam ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau Moderna) , piav txog Dr. Russo. Thiab, yog koj ua tseem tsim kev tiv thaiv COVID-19 tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav zoo li tsis kis tus kab mob hnyav, nws hais ntxiv. (Muaj feem cuam tshuam: Tus mob Coronavirus puas tuaj yeem ua rau mob raws plab?)

Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li "muaj txiaj ntsig zoo" hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm COVID-19, "tam sim no peb tab tom txiav txim siab seb lawv puas tseem tiv thaiv kev kis mob asymptomatic," hais tias Dr. Adalja. Lub ntsiab lus, cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no qhia tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis sib xws uas koj yuav tsim cov tsos mob ntawm COVID-19 (lossis, tsawg kawg, cov tsos mob hnyav) yog tias koj tau ntsib tus kab mob. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsis qhia pom tias koj tseem tuaj yeem cog lus COVID-19, tsis paub tias koj muaj tus kab mob, thiab kis mus rau lwm tus tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nrog rau qhov ntawd nyob rau hauv lub siab, nws yog "tsis paub meej ntawm lub sijhawm no" seb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav txwv tsis pub tib neeg kis tus kabmob, hais tias Lewis Nelson, MD, tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob xwm txheej ceev ntawm Rutgers New Jersey Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kho Mob thiab tus thawj coj pabcuam hauv chav haujlwm xwm txheej ceev ntawm Tsev Kho Mob Tsev Kawm Ntawv.

Cov kab hauv qab: "Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no puas tuaj yeem ua rau tshem tawm tus kab mob tag nrho, lossis tiv thaiv peb ntawm cov tsos mob? Peb tsis paub," Dr. Russo hais.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau kawm ntau tus menyuam yaus, lossis cov poj niam cev xeeb tub lossis pub niam mis, ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov kws kho mob kom pom zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv COVID-19 rau cov pejxeem tam sim no. Tab sis qhov ntawd hloov pauv, vim "Pfizer thiab Moderna tau tso npe menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 12 xyoos thiab laus dua," hais tias Dr. Weatherhead. Txawm hais tias "cov ntaub ntawv kev ua tau zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus tseem tsis paub," "tsis muaj laj thawj xav tias [qhov cuam tshuam] yuav txawv heev li qhov [tam sim no] kev tshawb fawb qhia," ntxiv Dr. Nelson.

Zuag qhia tag nrho, cov kws tshaj lij xav kom tib neeg ua siab ntev thiab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lawv tuaj yeem ua tau. Dr. Adalja hais tias "Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yuav yog ib feem ntawm kev daws teeb meem kis thoob qhov txhia chaw," "Tab sis nws yuav siv qee lub sijhawm rau lawv nthuav tawm thiab pom txhua qhov txiaj ntsig uas lawv muab."

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv zaj dab neeg no muaj tseeb raws li lub sijhawm nias. Raws li kev hloov tshiab hais txog tus mob coronavirus COVID-19 txuas ntxiv mus, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias qee cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus pom zoo hauv zaj dab neeg no tau hloov pauv txij li kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug. Peb txhawb kom koj mus xyuas tsis tu ncua nrog cov peev txheej xws li CDC, WHO, thiab koj lub chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv zos kom paub cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab cov lus pom zoo.

Ntsuam xyuas rau