Gram Stain

Zoo Siab

• Dab tsi yog Gram stain?
• Nws siv rau dab tsi?
• Vim li cas kuv thiaj xav tau Gram stain?
• Yuav ua li cas thaum lub sijhawm Gram stain?
• Kuv puas yuav tau ua ib yam dab tsi txhawm rau npaj rau qhov kev xeem?
• Puas muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev kuaj?
• Cov txiaj ntsig li cas?
• Puas muaj lwm yam ntxiv uas kuv xav paub txog qhov Gram stain?
• Ua tim khawv

Dab tsi yog Gram stain?

Ib qho Gram stain yog qhov kev ntsuas uas kuaj cov kab mob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev paub tias muaj tus kab mob los yog hauv qee qhov dej hauv lub cev, xws li ntshav lossis zis. Cov chaw no suav nrog caj pas, lub ntsws, thiab ntawm lub qau, thiab hauv cov nqaij ua paug.

Muaj ob pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob: Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative. Cov pawg tau kuaj xyuas raws li qhov cov kab mob cuam tshuam rau Gram stain. Gram stain yog xim paj yeeb. Thaum qhov stain ua ke nrog cov kab mob hauv ib qho piv txwv, cov kab mob yuav nyob liab doog los yog tig xim liab lossis xim liab. Yog hais tias tus kab mob nyob qis qis ntshav, lawv yog Gram-zoo. Yog hais tias tus kab mob tig xim liab lossis liab, lawv yog Gram-tsis zoo. Ob pawg ua rau ntau hom kev sib kis:

• Cov kab mob Gram-positive suav nrog methicillin-tiv thaiv Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), kab mob sib kis, thiab ua rau muaj kuab lom.
• Cov kab mob Gram tsis zoo suav nrog salmonella, mob ntsws, mob txeeb zig, thiab kab mob gonorrhea.

Ib qho Gram stain tseem tseem siv tau los soj ntsuam kab mob fungal.

Lwm lub npe: Nyiaj Gram stain

Nws siv rau dab tsi?

Ib qho Gram stain feem ntau siv los tshawb pom seb koj puas muaj kab mob. Yog tias koj ua, qhov kev ntsuas yuav pom tias koj tus mob yog Gram-positive lossis Gram-negative.

Vim li cas kuv thiaj xav tau Gram stain?

Koj tuaj yeem xav tau qhov kev ntsuas no yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Mob, kub ib ce thiab qaug zog yog cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Lwm yam tsos mob yuav yog nyob ntawm hom kev kis koj muaj thiab qhov twg hauv lub cev nws nyob.

Yuav ua li cas thaum lub sijhawm Gram stain?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum nqa ib qho chaw los ntawm kev xav tias yuav kis tus kab mob los yog los ntawm kua dej los ntawm lub cev, nyob ntawm seb koj yuav kis mob li cas. Cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm hom Gram stain feem ntau muaj nyob hauv qab.

Qhov txhab rau qhov txhab:

• Tus kws kho mob yuav siv ib qho tshwj xeeb rau hauv qhov chaw khaws cov hnoos qeev los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm koj lub qhov txhab.

Kuaj ntshav:

• Tus muab kev pab tu yuav muab ib qho ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntshav hauv koj txhais tes.

Kuaj Ntsuas:

• Koj yuav muab cov zis tsis huv rau hauv lub khob, raws li kws kho mob qhia koj.

Caj pas kab lis kev cai:

• Koj tus kws kho mob yuav ntxiv ib qho tshwj xeeb rau hauv koj lub qhov ncauj kom coj ib qho piv txwv los ntawm sab caj pas thiab caj pas.

Sputum kab lis kev cai. Hnoos qeev yog cov hnoos qeev tuab uas hnoos tau los ntawm lub ntsws. Nws txawv qhov nti lossis qaub ncaug.

• Koj tus neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav hais kom koj hnoos hnoos qeev rau hauv lub khob tshwj xeeb, lossis siv ib qho pas dej tshwj xeeb hauv qhov ntswg.

Kuv puas yuav tau ua ib yam dab tsi txhawm rau npaj rau qhov kev xeem?

Koj tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb rau Gram stain.

Puas muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev kuaj?

Nws yuav tsis muaj qhov phom sij ua qhov ntuav, hnoos qeev, lossis zis ntsuas.

Txoj kev kuaj ntshav muaj feem me me. Koj yuav muaj mob me lossis doog ntshav ntawm qhov chaw tso rab koob, tab sis feem ntau cov tsos mob ploj mus sai.

Cov txiaj ntsig li cas?

Koj qhov hnoos qeev yuav muab tso rau ntawm tus swb thiab kho nrog Gram stain. Cov neeg ua haujlwm kuaj pom zoo yuav kuaj cov swb hauv qab lub tshuab tsom. Yog tias tsis muaj kab mob pom, nws txhais tau tias tej zaum koj tsis muaj kab mob los yog tsis muaj cov kab mob txaus hauv cov qauv.

Yog tias pom muaj tus kab mob, nws yuav muaj qee qhov tsis zoo tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog koj tus mob:

• Yog tias cov kab mob yog xim dawb lias, nws txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj tus mob Gram-positive.
• Yog tias cov kab mob yog xim liab lossis liab, nws txhais tau tias koj yuav muaj tus mob Gram-negative.

Koj cov txiaj ntsig tseem yuav suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv koj qhov qauv. Feem ntau cov kab mob muaj xws li puag ncig (hu ua cocci) lossis pas nrig-puab (paub tias bacilli). Cov duab tuaj yeem qhia ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog hom kev kis koj muaj.

Txawm hais tias koj cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsis txheeb xyuas seb muaj hom kab mob dab tsi rau hauv koj cov qauv, lawv tuaj yeem pab koj tus kws kho mob kom pom tseeb tias qhov twg ua rau koj mob thiab yuav kho nws zoo tshaj plaws li cas. Tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas ntau ntxiv, xws li kab lis kev cai kab mob, txhawm rau paub meej tias hom kab mob dab tsi.

Gram stain results tseem yuav qhia tau seb koj puas muaj mob voos. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawv yuav qhia tau li cas cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob fungal uas koj muaj: cov poov xab lossis pwm. Tab sis tej zaum koj yuav xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas ntxiv txhawm rau nrhiav kom paub seb hom kab mob fungal twg koj muaj.

Yog koj muaj lus nug txog koj cov txiaj ntsig, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham.

Kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kev sim hauv chaw soj ntsuam, cov chaw siv ntsuas, thiab nkag siab cov txiaj ntsig tau.

Puas muaj lwm yam ntxiv uas kuv xav paub txog qhov Gram stain?

Yog tias koj paub hais tias muaj kab mob kis kab mob, tej zaum koj yuav tau noj tshuaj tua kab mob. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau noj koj cov tshuaj raws li kws kho mob tau hais, txawm hais tias koj tus mob me me. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kab mob tsis txhob ua kom mob ntau ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj mob txaus ntshai.

Ua tim khawv

1. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas online [Internet]. Washington D.C .: Koom Haum Asmeskas Rau Chaw Kuaj Mob; c2001–2020. Cov kab mob pob txha kab mob; [kho tshiab 2020 Feb 19; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/bacterial-wound-culture
2. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas online [Internet]. Washington D.C .: Koom Haum Asmeskas Rau Chaw Kuaj Mob; c2001–2020. Gram Stain; [hloov kho 2019 Dec 4; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/gram-stain
3. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas online [Internet]. Washington D.C .: Koom Haum Asmeskas Rau Chaw Kuaj Mob; c2001–2020. Sputum Kab lis kev cai, Cov kab mob; [kho tshiab 2020 Jan 14; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-culture-bacterial
4. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas online [Internet]. Washington D.C .: Koom Haum Asmeskas Rau Chaw Kuaj Mob; c2001–2020. Kuaj Mob Ntsa Txhaum; [kho tshiab 2020 Jan 14; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/strep-thov-test
5. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas online [Internet]. Washington D.C .: Koom Haum Asmeskas Rau Chaw Kuaj Mob; c2001–2020. Zis Kab lis kev cai; [kho tshiab 2020 Jan 31; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/urine-culture
6. Merck Los Ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Kev kuaj pom tus kab mob sib kis; [kho tshiab 2018 Aug; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/diagnosis-of-iniousious-disease/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease
7. Merck Los Ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov kab mob Gram-Tsis Zoo; [kho tshiab 2020 Lub Ob Hlis; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/overview-of-gram-negative-bacteria
8. Merck Los Ntawm Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm cov kab mob Gram-Zoo; [hloov tshiab 2019 Jun; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/overview-of-gram-positive-bacteria
9. Kev Kawm Rau Lub Neej Microbial [Internet]. Chaw Kawm Kev Tshawb Fawb; Gram Staining; [hloov tshiab 2016 Nov 3; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 4 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/gramstain.html
10. Teb Chaws Lub Plawv, Lub Ntsws, thiab Koom Haum Ntshav [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Asmeskas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Tib Neeg; Kuaj ntshav; [hais tawm 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 3 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
11. TSIS TXHOB GA. Classic tsom teeb: Ua li cas lub Gram Stain Ua Haujlwm. J Bacteriol [Is Taws Nem]. 2016 Dec 1 [raug nplua 2020 Lub Plaub Hlis 6]; 198 (23): 3128. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105892
12. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv UF: University of Florida Health [Is Taws Nem]. Gainesville (IBCE): University of Florida Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv; c2020. Gram stain: Txheej txheem cej luam; [kho tshiab 2020 Apr 6; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://ufhealth.org/gram-stain
13. University of Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Tsev kawm qib siab Rochester Medical Center; c2020. Kev Noj Qab Nyob Zoo Encyclopedia: Gram Stain; [hais tawm 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 2 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=gram_stain
14. Huv Heev Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv [Is Taws Nem]. New York: Hais txog, Inc .; c2020. Txheej txheem cej luam los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob; [kho tshiab 2020 Feb 26; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 3 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-bacterial-infection-770565
15. Huv Heev Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv [Is Taws Nem]. New York: Hais txog, Inc .; c2020. Txheej Txheem Gram Txoj Cai hauv Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Labs; [kho tshiab 2020 Jan 12; raug nplua 2020 Apr 6]; [txog 3 ntxaij]. Muaj los ntawm: https://www.verywellhealth.com/information-about-gram-stain-1958832

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xaib no yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los hloov chaw kho mob lossis tswv yim kho mob. Hu rau kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.