Platelets: lawv yog dab tsi, lawv txoj haujlwm thiab kev siv qhov tseem ceeb

Zoo Siab

• Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb
• Kev siv qhov tseem ceeb
• Yuav ua li cas nce platelets
• Thaum platelet pub dawb yog qhia

Platelets yog cov me me ntawm cov roj me me uas tau los ntawm cov cell tsim los ntawm cov hlwb pob txha, cov megakaryocyte. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm megakaryocytes los ntawm cov pob txha caj qaum thiab tawg mus rau hauv cov platelets kav ntev txog 10 hnub thiab muaj kev tswj hwm los ntawm cov tshuaj hormone thrombopoietin, uas yog tsim los ntawm daim siab thiab lub raum.

Platelets ua si lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv platelet ntsaws tsim cov txheej txheem, yog qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob los ntshav ntau, yog li nws tseem ceeb tias cov platelets khiav tawm hauv lub cev yog nyob hauv tus nqi siv.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb

Platelets yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub platelet ntsaws tsim cov txheej txheem thaum ib txwm teb rau kev raug mob vascular. Thaum tsis muaj cov platelets, ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntshav tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov hlab ntsha me, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg muaj mob tsis zoo.

Platelet muaj nuj nqi tuaj yeem raug faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb, uas yog kev nplaum, kev sib sau ua ke thiab tso tawm thiab uas tau sib kho los ntawm cov khoom tso tawm los ntawm cov platelets thaum lub sijhawm ua, nrog rau lwm yam ua los ntawm cov ntshav thiab lub cev. Thaum muaj kev raug mob, cov platelets yog immobilized rau qhov chaw raug mob kom tsis txhob los ntshav ntau dhau.

Ntawm qhov chaw raug mob, muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb ntawm platelet thiab lub xovtooj ntawm phab ntsa, txheej txheem adhesion, thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm platelet thiab platelet (txheej txheem sib xyaw), uas tau sib kho los ntawm qhov tseeb tias Von Willebrand tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob hauv platelets. Ntxiv rau qhov kev tso tawm Von Willebrand qhov tseem ceeb, muaj kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua si ntawm lwm yam thiab cov protein cuam tshuam txog cov ntshav txhaws.

Von Willebrand yam tshwm sim hauv platelets feem ntau yog txuam nrog rau qhov xwm txheej VIII ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis X thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm cov coagulation cascade, uas ua rau muaj cov fibrin, uas sib haum rau cov theem nrab hemostatic ntsaws.

Kev siv qhov tseem ceeb

Rau txoj kev coagulation cascade thiab lub platelet ntsaws tsim cov txheej txheem tshwm sim kom raug, cov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav hauv ntshav yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 150,000 txog 450,000 / mm³ ntawm cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov xwm txheej uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntshav platelets txo lossis nce ntxiv hauv cov ntshav.

Thrombocytosis, uas sib haum rau qhov nce ntawm cov platelets, feem ntau tsis tsim cov tsos mob, raug pom los ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntshav suav. Qhov kev nce ntawm cov platelets feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov pob txha pob txha, cov kab mob myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias thiab tom qab kev phais mob, piv txwv li, raws li muaj kev sim los ntawm lub cev kom tiv thaiv tau los ntshav loj. Kawm paub txog lwm yam ua rau platelet loj hlob.

Thrombocytopenia yog qhov txawv txav me me rau cov platelets uas yog vim muaj cov kab mob autoimmune, kis kab mob, kev noj haus tsis muaj hlau, folic acid lossis vitamin B12 thiab cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem hauv tus po, piv txwv. Kev txo qis hauv cov ntshav platelets tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qee cov tsos mob, xws li muaj ntshav tawm ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab cov pos hniav, nce ntshav ntawm cev ntas, muaj cov kab mob liab doog rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab muaj ntshav tawm hauv cov zis, piv txwv. Kawm kom paub txog thrombocytopenia.

Yuav ua li cas nce platelets

Ib qho kev hloov pauv uas muaj peev xwm nce ntxiv rau kev tsim cov platelets yog los ntawm kev hloov hormonal ntawm thrombopoietin, vim tias qhov tshuaj hormones no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhawb nqa cov khoom tawg ntawm cov cell. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tsis muaj nyob rau kev siv tshuaj, txawm li cas los xij muaj cov tshuaj uas ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj no, ua kom nce platelets ntau li 6 hnub tom qab pib kev kho mob, xws li Romiplostim thiab Eltrombopag, uas yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov lus qhia kho mob.

Kev siv tshuaj kho mob, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog pom zoo tom qab kev txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau lub platelet poob qis, thiab nws yuav tsim nyog los tshem tawm tus hnoos qeev, siv tshuaj corticosteroids, tshuaj tua kab mob, ntshav pom lossis txawm tias ntshav hloov ntshav. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, muaj nplua nuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, zaub ntsuab thiab nqaij ntshiv kom pab txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntshav tsim thiab tsim kom lub cev rov zoo.

Thaum platelet pub dawb yog qhia

Kev pab nyiaj Platelet tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg twg uas hnyav tshaj 50 kg thiab muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab muaj lub hom phiaj xav pab txhawm rau rov qab kho tus neeg mob ntshav siab lossis lwm yam mob qog nqaij hlav, neeg raug mob pob txha caj qaum thiab phais mob plawv, piv txwv.

Lub platelet pub dawb tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tus neeg pub, vim tias lub platelet hloov los ntawm cov koom haum tau kav ntev li 48 teev, thiab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib sau los ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm tus neeg pub uas tam sim ntawd mus los ntawm txheej txheem centrifugation, kom muaj sib cais cov ntshav sib txuam. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov txheej txheem centrifugation, cov platelets raug sib cais hauv lub hnab ntim khoom tshwj xeeb, thaum lwm cov ntshav ntxiv rov tuaj rau cov ntshav pub rau.

Cov txheej txheem kav ib ncig ntawm 90 feeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anticoagulant yog siv thoob plaws hauv tus txheej txheem los tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws thiab khaws cia cov ntshav. Platelet pub tsuas yog tso cai rau cov poj niam uas tsis tau xeeb tub thiab rau cov neeg uas tsis tau siv cov tshuaj aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid lossis cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj los tiv thaiv tshuaj hauv 3 hnub ua ntej pub dawb.