Puas Hom Ntshav Puas Pab Cuam Tshuam Kev Sib Raug Zoo?

Zoo Siab

• Cov ntshav sib txawv yog dab tsi?
• Qhov ntshav sib txawv los cuam tshuam li cas rau kev xeeb tub?
• Rh yam ntxwv thiab cev xeeb tub
• Yuav kho tus mob incompatibility Rh li cas?
• Muab ntshav txhab ntxiv rau ntawm cov khub
• Hom ntshav sib txawv npaum li cas?
• Hom ntshav puas cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm sib txawv?
• Cov nqa mus

Hom ntshav tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam rau koj txoj kev muaj peev xwm thiab muaj kev txij nkawm zoo siab thiab noj qab nyob zoo. Muaj qee qhov kev txhawj xeeb txog ntshav hom yog tias koj tab tom npaj yuav muaj menyuam yaus nrog koj tus khub, tab sis muaj cov kev xaiv thaum cev xeeb tub uas tuaj yeem pab cuam tawm tsam cov kev pheej hmoo no.

Nws yog ib qho tswv yim zoo kom koj paub koj tus khub ntshav hom kis xwm txheej ceev, txawm li cas los xij. Thiab, nyob ntawm koj thiab koj tus khub hom ntshav, koj txawm tias koj tuaj yeem tso ntshav pub rau lawv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

Nyeem rau kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov ntshav hom, thiab nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau koj txoj kev sib yuav.

Cov ntshav sib txawv yog dab tsi?

Txhua tus muaj ntshav hom. Muaj plaub pawg ntshav loj:

• A
• B
• O
• AB

Cov pab pawg no sib txawv feem ntau ntawm qhov muaj lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tus mob antigens tuaj yeem txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Ntxiv rau plaub pab pawg no, muaj protein hu ua Rh factor uas tej zaum yuav yog (+) lossis tsis tuaj (()) nyob rau hauv txhua pab pawg. Qhov no txuas ntxiv qhia txog cov ntshav pawg ua yim hom:

• A +
• A-
• B +
• B-
• O +
• O-
• AB +
• AB-

Koj hom ntshav yog ib yam uas koj tau ua tseg, yog li tau npaj tseg thaum yug los. Koj hloov tsis tau koj cov ntshav hom nyob rau lub neej tom ntej.

Qhov ntshav sib txawv los cuam tshuam li cas rau kev xeeb tub?

Kev sib txuam ntawm cov ntshav pawg tsuas yog kev txhawj xeeb rau cov khub niam txiv yog tias lub cev xeeb tub muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov twg ob leeg yog tus niam txiv lom. Yog vim yog RH yam.

Rh factor yog keeb kwm los ntawm cov protein, yog li tau Rh tsis zoo (-) lossis Rh positive (+) yog txiav txim los ntawm koj niam koj txiv. Feem ntau hom yog Rh zoo.

Ua Rh positive lossis negative feem ntau tsis cuam tshuam rau koj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj lub cev xeeb tub.

Rh yam ntxwv thiab cev xeeb tub

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Rh yuav yog qhov txhawj xeeb yog tias leej niam caj ces Rh- thiab tus menyuam yog Rh +. Cov qe ntshav los ntawm Rh + tus menyuam hla nws cov ntshav Rh tus niam yuav ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Leej niam lub cev tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob los tua tus menyuam cov qe menyuam Rh + liab.

Hauv koj thawj zaug mus ntsib menyuam hauv plab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav tawm tswvyim txog hom ntshav thiab kuaj ntsuas ntshav Rh. Yog tias koj yog Rh-, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj cov ntshav ntxiv hauv lub sijhawm koj cev xeeb tub mus saib seb koj puas tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kabmob Rh. Qhov ntawd yuav qhia tias koj tus menyuam yog Rh +.

Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob txheeb tau qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau Rh tsis sib xws, koj lub cev xeeb tub yuav raug saib xyuas ze rau ib qho teeb meem cuam tshuam thiab yuav xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv.

Txawm hais tias koj cov ntshav thiab koj tus menyuam cov ntshav feem ntau tsis sib xyaw thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub, qee tus menyuam cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav tuaj yeem sib txuas lus tau thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam. Yog tias muaj Rh qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov no tshwm sim, koj lub cev yuav tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Rh tiv thaiv tus kab mob Rh.

Cov koob tshuaj no yuav tsis ua teeb meem rau tus menyuam yaus Rh + thaum lub sijhawm xeeb menyuam thawj zaug. Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem yog tias koj muaj cev xeeb tub tom qab thiab coj lwm tus menyuam yaus uas yog Rh +.

Yog tias muaj Rh los tsis xyeej nyob hauv thawj cev xeeb tub, thiab muaj Rh los tsis xyeej rau kev xeeb tub thib ob thiab lwm yav tom ntej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niam no tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam cov ntshav liab tau. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, koj tus menyuam yuav xav tso ntshav liab rau lub sijhawm koj cev xeeb tub lossis tomqab yug menyuam tas.

Yuav kho tus mob incompatibility Rh li cas?

Yog hais tias tau kuaj pom tus kabmob Rh lawm, koj tus kws kho mob feem ntau yuav pom zoo rau cov neeg muaj kabmob tiv thaiv kabmob Rh hauv lub cev (RhoGAM) hauv koj xya lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub, thiab tomqab nws yug dua li 72 teev tomqab yug menyuam yog tias koj tus menyuam cov ntshav tau lees tias yog Rh lawm thaum xa menyuam.

Rh tiv thaiv kabmob globulin muaj cov kabmob Rh IgG, yog li koj lub cev tsis hnov ​​mob rau koj tus menyuam cov kabmob Rh zoo li nws yog ib yam khoom txawv tebchaw, thiab koj lub cev yuav tsis tsim nws cov kabmob Rh.

Muab ntshav txhab ntxiv rau ntawm cov khub

Cov ntshav sib thooj tuaj yeem siv tau yog tias koj lossis koj tus khub xav tau ntshav ntxiv. Cov tib neeg tsis muaj ntshav sib kis yuav tsis muaj ntshav sib pab rau lwm tus. Hloov ntshav ntawm cov ntshav cov khoom tsis ncaj ncees tuaj yeem ua rau muaj feem ua kom tuag taus.

Muaj peev xwm muab cov ntshav uas xav tau rau tus khub uas muaj teeb meem kho mob yuav tsis ua txhaum rau feem ntau ntawm cov khub niam txiv, tab sis nws yuav yog qhov tso tawm zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

Raws li American Red Cross:

• Yog tias koj muaj hom ntshav AB + ntshav, koj yog tus tau txais kev pabcuam thoob ntiaj teb thiab tuaj yeem txais cov ntshav liab los ntawm txhua tus neeg pub nyiaj.
• Yog tias koj muaj hom ntshav O-ntshav, koj yog tus pub dawb thoob ntiaj teb thiab koj tuaj yeem pub ntshav liab rau lwm tus neeg.
• Yog tias koj muaj ntshav A, koj tuaj yeem txais cov ntshav hom A lossis hom O liab.
• Yog tias koj muaj ntshav hom B, koj tuaj yeem txais cov ntshav hom B lossis hom O liab.

Rh + lossis Rh- ntshav tuaj yeem muab rau cov uas muaj Rh +, tab sis yog tias koj yog Rh-, koj tsuas tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshav Rh-blood.

Yog li, yog tias koj xav nyob hauv qhov chaw pub ntshav mus rau koj tus txij nkawm, nco ntsoov tias koj thiab koj tus txij nkawm yav tom ntej muaj cov ntshav sib xws.

Hom ntshav sib txawv npaum li cas?

Nyob ntawm koj cov ntshav, nws yuav yooj yim dua lossis nyuaj nrhiav tus khub uas muaj feem ntshav sib xws. Raws li Stanford Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshuaj Kho Mob, hauv Tebchaws Meskas:

• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom O + sawv cev kwv yees li 37.4% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom O- sawv cev txog li 6.6% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom A + sawv cev kwv yees li 35.7% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom A- sawv cev kwv yees li ntawm 6.3% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom B + sawv cev kwv yees li 8.5% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom B- sawv cev kwv yees li 1.5% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom AB + sawv cev rau thaj tsam 3.4% ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom AB- sawv cev txog 0.6% ntawm cov neeg laus.

Hom ntshav puas cuam tshuam rau tus cwj pwm sib txawv?

Hauv Nyij Pooj, muaj ntshav hom cwm pwm kev paub hu ua ketsueki-gata. Qhov kev tshawb fawb hais tias cov hom ntshav yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg kev coj cwj pwm. Nws tau qhia hauv xyoo 1920 los ntawm tus kws kho kev puas siab ntsws Tokeji Furukawa.

Ketsueki-gata qhia tias txhua hom ntshav muaj tus xeeb ceem tshwj xeeb:

• Hom A: paub zoo
• Hom B: Qia
• Hom O: kev xav zoo
• Hom AB: eccentric

Raws li cov xeeb ceem ntawd, txoj kev xav hais tias cov ntshav sib txuam no feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev zoo siab sib yuav:

• O Txiv Neej × Poj Niam
• Ib Tug Txiv Neej × Ib Tug Poj Niam
• O Txiv Neej × B Poj Niam
• O Txiv Neej × O Poj Niam

Ketsueki-gata tsuas yog suav rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus txiv neej thiab poj niam. Nws tsis suav txog tus cim tub los ntxhais uas poob sab nraud ntawm tus txiv neej-poj niam binary, xws li poj niam txiv neej, tus neeg loj dua, thiab lwm cov cim uas tsis yog npe.

Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li kev tshawb fawb 2015, tsis muaj kev pom zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb txog txhua yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus xeeb ceem lossis kev ua kom sib xyaw thiab cov ntshav.

Cov nqa mus

Pawg ntshav sib xyaw rau kev sib yuav tsis txwv yog qhov tseem ceeb Rh yam tsis sib xws thaum cev xeeb tub. Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov txwv ntxiv rau kev xeeb tub uas ob leeg koom tes yog cov niam txiv lom.

Cov teeb meem muaj teeb meem rau Rh incompatibility tau yooj yim txheeb xyuas thiab saib xyuas, thiab muaj kev kho mob rau qhov ua tau zoo. Rh yam tsis haum yuav tsis cuam tshuam koj lub peev xwm kom muaj kev zoo siab, muaj kev noj qab nyob zoo, lossis muaj menyuam muaj lub neej zoo nrog koj tus txij nkawm.

Muaj qee tus neeg, xws li cov ua raws li Japanese ketsueki-gata, uas cuam tshuam cov ntshav hom nrog cov xeeb ceem tshwj xeeb. Tab sis cov koom haum ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb.

Kuj tseem muaj cov khub niam txiv uas saib cov ntshav sib kis rau txoj kev tuaj yeem txhab ntshav ntxiv rau lawv tus khub.