Cov kab mob bacteriophage: nws yog dab tsi, yuav ua li cas paub thiab lub neej ncig (lytic thiab lysogenic)

Zoo Siab

• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob bacteriophage
• Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim lytic thiab lysogenic cycles
• Lytic phaum
• Lysogenic to
• Dab tsi yog phage kho

Cov kab mob Bacteriophages, tseem hu ua phages, yog ib pab pawg ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm kis thiab sib txuam nrog cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob thiab uas, thaum lawv tawm mus, txhawb lawv txoj kev puas tsuaj.

Cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw, thiab tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov dej, av, khoom noj khoom haus thiab txawm tias lwm yam kab mob me me. Txawm hais tias nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv lub cev, feem ntau yog tawv nqaij, hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, hauv lub ntsws thiab lub plab thiab lub plab thiab lub plab, cov kab mob bacteriophages tsis ua rau muaj kabmob lossis hloov hauv tib neeg lub cev, vim tias lawv muaj kev nyiam rau prokaryotic cov hlwb, ntawd yog, cov hlwb tsawg zuj zus, xws li cov kab mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv muaj peev xwm txhawb lub cev lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, ntxiv rau muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv tus tswv tsev, uas yog, cov kab mob pathogenic. Cov. Yog li, cov kab mob uas yog ib feem ntawm cov kab mob me me tsis raug rhuav tshem vim yog txoj kev sib raug zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob bacteriophage

Cov kab mob Bacteriophages yog cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv thaj chaw sib txawv, suav nrog tib neeg lub cev, txawm li cas los xij lawv tsis ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv lossis kab mob vim tias lawv tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb rau cov hlwb ua lub cev. Lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob yog:

• Lawv tsim los ntawm lub kaus mom, uas yog tus qauv tsim los ntawm cov protein uas ua haujlwm yog los tiv thaiv caj ces cov khoom ntawm tus kabmob;
• Lawv yuav muaj ntau yam khoom siv sib txawv hauv lub cev, xws li ob chav tso tseg DNA, ib leeg tso tseg ib qho DNA lossis RNA;
• Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua kom sib txawv raws li lawv caj ces tsim, cov kab mob bacteriophages kuj tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm tus qauv ntawm lub kaus mom;
• Lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib txuam ntau nyob sab nraud ntawm tus tswv, uas yog, lawv yuav tsum tau sib txuas nrog cov kab mob hauv pob txha rau qhov txhawm rau txhawm rau tshwm sim, thiab vim li no lawv kuj tseem yuav raug hu ua "kab mob cab";
• Lawv muaj lub siab tshwj xeeb rau tus tswv tsev, uas yog cov kab mob hauv lub cev.

Kev faib tawm cov kab mob bacteriophages tseem tau kawm, txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom muaj peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib txawv thiab kev faib tawm cov kab mob bacteriophages, xws li hom khoom siv caj, morphology, genomic thiab lub cev-tshuaj lom neeg cov yam ntxwv.

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim lytic thiab lysogenic cycles

Cov lytic thiab lysogenic cycles yog cov mus los ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov bacteriophage thaum sib tiv tauj nrog cov kab mob cell thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kab mob.

Lytic phaum

Lub voj voog lytic yog ib qho uas, tom qab txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophage lub caj ces mus rau hauv cov kab mob cell, rov ua haujlwm thiab tsim cov kab mob tshiab yuav tshwm sim, uas thaum lawv tawm mus tua cov kab mob cell. Yog li, feem ntau, lub voj voog tshwm sim raws li hauv qab no:

1. Adsorption: tus kab mob bacteriophage lo rau daim nyias nyias ntawm cov kis tau tus kab mob ntawm tes los ntawm daim nyias nyias receptors;
2. Nkag lossis nkag mus: cov khoom siv keeb ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophage nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob cell;
3. Kev ua dua: cov khoom siv roj ntsha no koom tes nrog cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov protein thiab lwm cov DNA lwg me me, yog tias nws yog DNA bacteriophage;
4. Mounting: cov kab mob tshiab yog tsim thiab cov qog ua DNA yog ntim nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom cua sib xyaw, muab kev txhawb nqa rau cov plaub;
5. Lise: cov kab mob bacteriophage tsim tawm cov kab mob cell, txhawb nws txoj kev rhuav tshem.

Lysogenic to

Hauv lub lysogenic lub voj voog, cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophage suav nrog rau ntawm cov kab mob, txawm li cas los xij cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog sawv cev tsuas yog kho kom txhob muaj cov kab mob virulence ntawm cov kab mob, ntxiv rau kev hloov pauv tau. Kev voj voog no tshwm sim raws li hauv qab no:

1. Adsorption: cov kab mob bacteriophage adsorbs rau cov kab mob ntsws;
2. Lub tswv yim: cov khoom siv keeb ntawm cov kab mob bacteriophage nkag mus rau hauv cov kab mob cell;
3. Kev koom ua ke: muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob nrog tus kab mob, ua lub npe hu ua profago;
4. Kev faib: cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov profago, faib raws li cov kab mob sib kis.

Tus profagus tsis muaj kev nquag, uas yog, nws cov noob tsis qhia tawm thiab yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv tsis zoo rau cov kab mob thiab nws yog qhov ua kom rov ua tiav.

Vim tias cov kab mob bacteriophages cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv kab mob thiab tuaj yeem txhawb nws txoj kev rhuav tshem, cov kab mob no tuaj yeem siv hauv kev kawm los tsim cov tswv yim tshiab los tawm tsam ntau yam kev tiv thaiv.

Dab tsi yog phage kho

Phage txoj kev kho, tseem hu ua phage kev kho, yog ib hom kev kho mob uas siv cov bacteriophages los tua cov kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob ntau yam kev tiv thaiv. Hom kev kho no muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim tias cov kab mob bacteriophages tsuas muaj kev ua ub no tiv thaiv cov kab mob pathogenic, khaws cia rau tus neeg lub cev microbiota.

Txawm hais tias hom kev kho mob no tau piav qhia rau lub xyoo, nws tsuas yog tam sim no nws tau nce mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv vim muaj cov kab mob ntau ntxiv uas tsis teb rau kev kho mob nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias ua ib qho txheej txheem zoo, kev kho phage muaj qee qhov kev txwv. Txhua hom bacteriophage tshwj xeeb rau qee yam kab mob, yog li cov kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem siv nyob rau hauv kev sib cais los tua cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob me me, tab sis qhov no tus "phage cocktail" tuaj yeem tsim raws li cov kab mob me me tau txheeb xyuas lub luag haujlwm Cov. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, feem ntau vim yog lub voj voog lysogenic, cov kab mob bacteriophages tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qhov hloov ntawm cov thev naus laus kam tiv thaiv rau cov kab mob, ua rau kev kho mob tsis muaj nuj nqis.