Atherosclerosis

Zoo Siab

• Atherosclerosis yog dab tsi?
• Dab tsi ua rau mob atherosclerosis?
• Cov roj (cholesterol) siab
• Kev noj haus
• Qee lwm cov lus qhia kev noj haus:
• Laus
• Leej twg ntxim yuav muaj tus mob atherosclerosis?
• Keeb kwm tsev neeg
• Tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog
• Ntshav siab
• Haus Yeeb
• Mob ntshav qab zib
• Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob atherosclerosis zoo li cas?
• Yuav kuaj li cas thiaj paub tias muaj tus mob atherosclerosis?
• Yuav kho tus mob atherosclerosis li cas?
• Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob
• Kev phais mob
• Koj yuav tsum muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev?
• Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog atherosclerosis?
• Kab mob rau cov hlab ntshav hlab plawv (CAD)
• Carotid leeg ntshav kab mob
• Mob hlab ntsha peripheral leeg
• Mob raum
• Cov kev hloov pauv yam hauv lub neej twg pab kho thiab tiv thaiv atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis yog dab tsi?

Atherosclerosis yog ib txoj hlab ntshav ntawm txoj hlab ntshav tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhim kho cov quav hniav. Arteries yog cov hlab ntshav uas nqa oxygen thiab cov as-ham los ntawm koj lub siab mus rau tas koj lub cev.

Thaum koj laus zuj zus, cov rog, rog thiab calcium tuaj yeem sau hauv koj cov hlab ntsha thiab cov quav hniav. Qhov ua ke ntawm cov quav hniav ua rau nws cov ntshav ntws los ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha nyuaj. Qhov kev txhim kho no yuav tshwm sim rau ib qho kev mob ntshav hauv koj lub cev, suav nrog koj lub siab, ceg, thiab raum.

Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj ntshav txaus thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm koj lub cev. Cov thooj quav hniav kuj tuaj yeem ua txhaum, ua rau ntshav txhaws. Yog tias tsis kho, atherosclerosis tuaj yeem ua rau mob plawv nres, hlab ntsha tawg, lossis plawv nres.

Atherosclerosis yog ib qho teeb meem ncaj ncees cuam tshuam nrog kev laus. Tus mob no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau thiab ntau txoj hauv kev kho kom zoo.

Atherosclerosis yog ib hom kev mob ntawm txoj hlab ntshav liab, tsis li hu ua kev tawv tawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Cov lus atherosclerosis thiab arteriosclerosis tej zaum kuj siv sib pauv.

Dab tsi ua rau mob atherosclerosis?

Cov quav hniav txhim kho thiab tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov hlab ntsha txwv cov ntshav txaus hauv cov hlab ntsha, tiv thaiv koj cov plab hnyuv siab raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg kom tau txais cov ntshav oxygenated lawv xav tau kev ua haujlwm.

Cov hauv qab no yog cov teeb meem niaj hnub ua rau cov leeg ntshav khov:

Cov roj (cholesterol) siab

Cov roj (cholesterol) yog ib co ua roj nplaum, cov khoom daj uas pom nyob hauv lub cev thiab hauv tej khoom noj koj noj.

Yog tias cov qib roj (cholesterol) hauv koj cov ntshav siab dhau, nws yuav txhaws koj cov hlab ntsha. Nws dhau los ua cov quav hniav tawv uas txwv lossis thaiv cov ntshav ncig koj lub plawv thiab lwm yam kabmob.

Kev noj haus

Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev noj zaub mov kom zoo rau lub cev. Lub koom haum American Heart Association (AHA) xav kom koj ua raws li tag nrho cov zaub mov noj qab haus huv zoo uas stresses:

• ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub
• cov tseem nplej
• cov khoom noj muaj roj tsawg
• nqaij qaib thiab ntses, yam tsis muaj tawv nqaij
• ceev thiab legumes
• tsis muaj roj zaub uas sov, xws li txiv roj lossis paj noob hlis

Qee lwm cov lus qhia kev noj haus:

• Tsis txhob noj zaub mov thiab dej qab zib nrog cov piam thaj ntxiv, xws li dej qab zib, qab zib, thiab khoom qab zib. AHA pom zoo tsis ntau tshaj 6 diav lossis 100 calories ntawm cov piam thaj ib hnub rau cov poj niam feem ntau, thiab tsis pub ntau tshaj 9 teaspoons lossis 150 calories rau ib hnub rau cov txiv neej feem ntau.
• Zam cov zaub mov muaj ntsev ntau. Ua kom tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj 2,300 milligrams (mg) ntawm ib hnub twg. Qhov tseeb, koj yuav tsum tsis haus ntau tshaj 1,500 mg ib hnub.
• Zam cov zaub mov uas muaj cov rog tsis zoo, xws li cov rog pauv. Hloov lawv nrog cov rog uas tsis rog, uas zoo dua rau koj. Yog tias koj xav txo koj cov ntshav cov roj (cholesterol), txo cov rog cov roj nyeem kom tsawg dua 5 mus rau 6 feem pua ​​ntawm tag nrho cov calories. Rau ib tug neeg twg noj 2,000 calories ib hnub twg, uas yog li ntawm 13 gram ntawm cov rog.

Laus

Thaum koj muaj hnub nyoog, koj lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntshav ua haujlwm ntau dua kom txhaws thiab txais cov ntshav. Koj cov hlab ntsha yuav tsis muaj zog thiab ua tsis tau ywj, ua rau lawv haj yam ua rau cov quav hniav buildup.

Leej twg ntxim yuav muaj tus mob atherosclerosis?

Ntau yam ua rau koj muaj kev pheej hmoo rau mob atherosclerosis. Qee qhov kev pheej hmoo tuaj yeem hloov kho, thaum lwm tus ua tsis tau.

Keeb kwm tsev neeg

Yog tias atherosclerosis khiav hauv koj tsev neeg, koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha tawv. Tus mob no, nrog rau lwm cov teeb meem ntsig txog lub plawv, tuaj yeem raug txais cov noob caj noob ces.

Tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog

Kev tawm dag zog tsis tu ncua yog qhov zoo rau koj lub siab. Nws ua kom koj lub plawv khov kho thiab txhawb nqa oxygen thiab ntshav ntws thoob koj lub cev.

Kev ua neej nyob rau txoj kev ua neej nyob kom tsis txaus siab ua rau koj muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv, nrog rau mob plawv.

Ntshav siab

Ntshav siab tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov hlab ntshav los ntawm kev ua rau lawv tsis muaj zog nyob rau qee thaj chaw. Cov roj (cholesterol) thiab lwm yam tshuaj nyob hauv koj cov ntshav yuav txo qis qhov koj cov hlab ntsha ib zaug.

Haus Yeeb

Kev haus luam yeeb luam yeeb yuav tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov hlab ntsha thiab lub plawv.

Mob ntshav qab zib

Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib muaj feem ntau dua muaj cov kab mob rau txoj hlab ntshav hlab plawv (CAD).

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob atherosclerosis zoo li cas?

Feem ntau cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob atherosclerosis tsis tshwm sim txog ntua thaum blockage tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim suav nrog:

• mob hauv siab lossis angina
• mob hauv koj txhais ceg, caj npab, thiab nyob txhua qhov chaw uas tau txhav leeg ntshav
• txog siav
• nkees
• tsis meej pem, uas tshwm sim yog tias qhov blockage cuam tshuam kev ncig mus rau koj lub hlwb
• leeg tsis muaj zog hauv koj txhais ceg los ntawm tsis muaj lub voj voog

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub cov tsos mob ntawm lub plawv nres thiab mob hlab ntsha tawg. Ob yam no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm atherosclerosis thiab xav tau kev kho mob sai.

Cov tsos mob ntawm lub plawv nres muaj xws li:

• mob hauv siab lossis tsis xis nyob
• mob hauv lub xub pwg, rov qab, caj dab, caj npab, thiab puab tsaig
• mob plab
• txog siav
• hws
• lub teeb ci ntsa iab
• xeev ntuav lossis ntuav
• lub siab xav txog doom

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob stroke no muaj xws li:

• tsis muaj zog lossis loog hauv lub ntsej muag lossis nqua
• teeb meem hais lus
• muaj teeb meem kev nkag siab kev hais lus
• teeb meem tsis pom kev
• poob ntawm tshuav
• dheev, mob taub hau heev

Kev mob plawv thiab mob stroke yog ob qho xwm txheej kev kho mob.Hu rau 911 lossis koj cov kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm ceev hauv nroog thiab mus rau lub tsev khomob xwmtxheej ceev kom sai li sai tau yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm lub plawv lossis hlab ntsha tawg.

Yuav kuaj li cas thiaj paub tias muaj tus mob atherosclerosis?

Koj tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj lub cev yog tias koj muaj tsos mob ntawm atherosclerosis. Lawv yuav tshawb xyuas:

• lub zog mem tes tsis muaj zog
• aneurysm, qhov tshwm sim tsis meej lossis nce ntxiv ntawm txoj hlab ntsha vim qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm phab ntsa arterial
• kho cov qhov txhab qeeb, uas qhia txog qhov ntshav ntws tsawg

Tus kws kho plawv tuaj yeem mloog koj lub siab seb koj puas muaj lub suab txawv txav. Lawv yuav tau mloog rau lub suab qhe nrov, uas qhia tias lawv cov leeg ntshav tau thaiv. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kuaj ntxiv yog tias lawv xav tias koj muaj mob atherosclerosis.

Kev ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• kuaj ntshav seb koj cov qib roj cholesterol yog li cas
• Doppler ultrasound, uas siv lub suab tsis muaj suab los tsim cov duab ntawm cov leeg uas pom tias yog muaj kev txhaws
• ankle-brachial index (ABI), uas nrhiav kev txhaws ntawm koj ob txhais caj npab lossis txhais ceg los ntawm kev sib piv cov ntshav siab hauv txhua tus ceg
• sib nqus resonance angiography (MRA) lossis compose tomography angiography (CTA) los tsim cov duab ntawm cov hlab ntsha loj hauv koj lub cev
• mob plawv angiogram, uas yog ib hom duab xoo hauv siab uas tau raug tom qab koj lub plawv ntshav tau txhaj nrog lub zas xim hluav taws xob
• ib qho hluav taws xob electrocardiogram (ECG lossis EKG), uas ntsuas cov hluav taws xob hauv koj lub siab saib mus rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov ntshav tsawg.
• ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab, lossis kev tawm dag zog ua kom lub siab ntev, uas saib xyuas koj lub plawv dhia thiab ntshav siab thaum koj qoj ib ce caij tsheb lossis caij tsheb kauj vab

Yuav kho tus mob atherosclerosis li cas?

Kev kho mob cuam tshuam nrog hloov koj txoj kev ua neej tam sim no kom txo cov rog thiab cov roj (cholesterol) uas koj haus. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau ua kom tawm dag zog ntau ntxiv txhawm rau txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntshav.

Tshwj tsis yog tias koj mob atherosclerosis hnyav heev, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo hloov kev ua neej raws li thawj kab kev kho mob. Tej zaum koj tseem xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv, xws li tshuaj kho mob lossis phais mob.

Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob

Cov tshuaj tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kom mob atherosclerosis tsis txhob ua kom mob hnyav.

Cov tshuaj los kho atherosclerosis suav nrog:

• cov tshuaj ua kom ntshav qab zib, nrog rau statins thiab fibrates
• angiotensin-hloov enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, uas yuav pab tiv thaiv kom koj cov hlab ntsha nqaim
• beta-blockers lossis calcium channel blockers kom txo koj cov ntshav siab
• tshuaj diuretics, los yog tshuaj dej kom pab txo koj cov ntshav siab
• anticoagulants thiab tshuaj antiplatelet xws li tshuaj aspirin tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws thiab txhaws koj cov hlab ntsha

Cov tshuaj aspirin siv tau tshwj xeeb rau cov tib neeg muaj keeb kwm atherosclerotic kab mob plawv (piv txwv li, mob plawv thiab mob stroke). Kev noj tshuaj aspirin tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj lwm yam kev noj qab haus huv.

Yog tias tsis muaj cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kab mob plawv atherosclerotic, koj yuav tsum siv tshuaj aspirin los tiv thaiv xwb yog tias koj qhov txaus ntshai los ntshav tsawg thiab koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerotic kab mob plawv yog siab heev.

Kev phais mob

Yog tias cov tsos mob hnyav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lossis yog cov leeg nqaij lossis cov nqaij mos ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yuav tsum tau phais.

Muaj kev phais rau kev kho mob atherosclerosis suav nrog:

• bypass phais, uas siv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm lwm qhov chaw hauv koj lub cev lossis lub raj hluavtaws kom hloov ntshav ncig koj cov leeg lossis qhov ntshav me.
• thrombolytic txoj kev kho, uas cuam tshuam nrog txhaws ntshav los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv koj cov leeg cuam tshuam
• angioplasty, uas koom nrog siv txoj raj ntsuas pa thiab lub zais pa los txhawm rau nthuav koj cov leeg ntshav, qee zaum ntxig ib qho stent tawm ntawm txoj hlab ntshav qhib
• endarterectomy, uas cuam tshuam phais tshem tawm cov roj muaj roj hauv koj cov hlab ntsha
• atherectomy, uas cuam tshuam tshem tawm cov quav hniav ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha los ntawm kev siv txoj raj yas taws nrog lub ntsej muag ntse ntawm ib qho kawg

Koj yuav tsum muaj dab tsi nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntev?

Nrog rau kev kho mob, koj yuav pom kev txhim kho koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis qhov no yuav siv sijhawm. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm koj txoj kev kho yuav nyob ntawm:

• qhov mob heev ntawm koj tus mob
• kho nws kom sai li cas
• seb puas muaj lwm yam kabmob tau cuam tshuam

Kev ua kom tawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab. Txawm li cas los xij, kho cov hauv paus hauv ntsis thiab ua kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem pab ua rau kev qeeb lossis tiv thaiv nws tsis txhob ua kom mob ntxiv.

Koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm ze nrog koj tus kws kho mob txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov kev coj ua lub neej tsim nyog. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau noj cov tshuaj kom zoo los tswj hwm koj tus mob thiab zam kom txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab.

Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis tuaj yeem ua rau:

• lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm
• plawv nres
• mob plawv tsis txaus
• mob stroke
• kev tuag

Nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob hauv qab no:

Kab mob rau cov hlab ntshav hlab plawv (CAD)

Txoj hlab ntshav hlab ntsha yog cov hlab ntshav uas muab koj cov leeg ntshav nrog cov pa thiab cov ntshav. Kab mob rau cov hlab ntshav hlab plawv (CAD) tshwm sim thaum mob ntshav hlab plawv.

Carotid leeg ntshav kab mob

Cov hlab ntsha cov carotid tau pom hauv koj lub caj dab thiab muab ntshav rau koj lub hlwb.

Cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem nkag tau yog tias cov quav hniav ua rau lawv cov phab ntsa. Kev tsis muaj ncig yuav ua rau cov ntshav thiab oxygen ntau npaum li cas mus txog koj lub hlwb thiab cov hlwb. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kab mob carotid leeg ntshav.

Mob hlab ntsha peripheral leeg

Koj txhais ceg, caj npab, thiab lub cev qis dua nyob ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha mus muab ntshav thiab oxygen mus rau lawv cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov hlab ntsha nyuaj tuaj yeem ua rau cov teeb meem ncig hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub cev.

Mob raum

Cov hlab ntsha hauv raum muab ntshav rau koj ob lub raum. Lub raum lim cov khoom lim thiab cov dej ntxiv ntawm koj cov ntshav.

Atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha no tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm.

Cov kev hloov pauv yam hauv lub neej twg pab kho thiab tiv thaiv atherosclerosis?

Kev pauv hloov hauv lub neej tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv thiab kho atherosclerosis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2.

Hloov pauv hauv kev ua neej muaj xws li:

• noj zaub mov kom zoo rau lub cev uas muaj roj tsawg thiab roj cholesterol
• tsis txhob noj cov zaub mov rog
• ntxiv cov ntses rau koj cov zaub mov noj ob zaug hauv ib as thiv
• ua kom muaj kev tawm dag zog tsawg kawg 75 feeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog lossis 150 feeb ntawm kev tawm dag zog txhua lub lim tiam
• txiav kev haus luam yeeb yog tias koj yog haus luam yeeb
• poob phaus yog tias koj rog dhau heev lossis rog dhau
• tswj kev ntxhov siab
• kho cov mob uas cuam tshuam nrog cov mob atherosclerosis, xws li kub siab, mob ntshav siab, thiab ntshav qab zib