Hemolytic anemia: nws yog dab tsi, cov tsos mob tseem ceeb thiab kev kho mob

Zoo Siab

• Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb
• Dab tsi ua
• Yuav ua li cas kom paub meej tias kuaj mob
• Yuav kho tus mob li cas

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, tseem paub los ntawm acronym AHAI, yog ib yam kabmob uas ua los ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov ntshav liab, ua rau lawv rhuav tshem thiab ua kom muaj ntshav liab, nrog cov tsos mob xws li nkees, pallor, kiv taub hau, daj thiab tsis tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag

Hom anemia no yuav cuam tshuam rau txhua tus, tab sis nws muaj ntau dua rau cov neeg hluas. Txawm hais tias nws qhov teeb meem tsis yog ib txwm qhia meej, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tom qab kis kab mob, muaj lwm cov kab mob autoimmune, kev siv qee yam tshuaj, lossis mob cancer.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia tsis yog ib txwm tuaj yeem kho tau, txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj kev kho mob uas tau ua tiav feem ntau nrog kev siv cov tshuaj los kho lub cev tsis muaj zog, xws li corticosteroids thiab immunosuppressants. Muaj qee kis, kev tshem tawm ntawm tus po, hu ua splenectomy, tej zaum yuav raug qhia, vim qhov no yog qhov chaw uas tseg cov ntshav liab.

Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob autoimmune hemolytic anemia suav nrog:

• Tsis muaj zog;
• Hnov tsaus muag;
• Pallor;
• Tsis muaj qab los noj mov;
• Kiv taub hau;
• Nkees nkees;
• Pw Tsaug Zog;
• Indisposition;
• Mob taub hau;
• Lub cev tsis muaj zog;
• Cov tawv nqaij qhuav;
• Poob ntawm cov plaub hau;
• Ua tsis taus pa;
• Paleness nyob rau hauv mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm lub qhov muag thiab qhov ncauj;
• Qhov muag daj.

Cov tsos mob no zoo heev rau cov mob tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam kev kuaj mob ntshav siab, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus kws kho mob xaj kuaj kev kuaj mob uas tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb vim li cas, xws li kev txo qis cov ntshav liab, qhov siab reticulocyte suav, uas yog cov ntshav liab tsis txawj tuag, ntxiv rau kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tshawb xyuas seb yuav ua li cas sib txawv ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm kev mob ntshav tsis txaus.

Dab tsi ua

Qhov ua rau autoimmune hemolytic anemia tsis yog ib txwm paub, txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau nws tuaj yeem yog theem nrab ntawm qhov muaj lwm cov kabmob autoimmune, xws li mob lupus thiab mob caj dab, mob qog nqaij hlav, xws li lymphomas lossis leukemias lossis vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. xws li Levodopa, Methyldopa, tiv thaiv cov khoom hluav taws xob thiab qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob.

Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab kis tau tus mob, xws li cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob xws liEpstein-Barr lossis Parvovirus B19, lossis los ntawm cov kab mob xws li Mycobacterium pneumoniae lossis Treponema pallidum thaum nws ua rau mob syphilis tertiary, piv txwv.

Hauv kwv yees li 20% ntawm tus neeg mob, autoimmune hemolytic anemia mob hnyav dua los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas, zoo li hauv cov kis no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov kub qis, raug hu ua AHAI los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas. Cov xwm txheej ntxiv hu ua AHAI rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kub, thiab lawv yog feem ntau.

Yuav ua li cas kom paub meej tias kuaj mob

Rau kev kuaj mob ntawm tus mob autoimmune hemolytic anemia, kev ntsuam xyuas tus kws kho mob yuav txiav txim muaj:

• Ntshav, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntshav thiab saib nws qhov mob hnyav;
• Kev ntsuam xyuas tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li kev sim ncaj qha Coombs, uas qhia tias pom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau sab npoo ntawm cov ntshav liab. Nkag siab tias Coombs qhov kev ntsuas txhais tau li cas;
• Kev ntsuam xyuas uas ua pov thawj hemolysis, xws li kev nce hauv reticulocytes hauv cov ntshav, uas yog lub qe ntshav tsis txaus uas tshwm nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntshav hauv qhov xwm txheej dhau los ntawm hemolysis;
• Tsuas noj ntawm indil bilirubin, uas nce nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob ntawm hemolysis hnyav. Paub tias nws yog rau dab tsi thiab thaum ntsuas bilirubin yog qhia.

Raws li ob peb tus kab mob anemias tuaj yeem muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws thiab kev sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Tshawb nrhiav kom paub ntau ntxiv txog ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm: Kev ntsuam xyuas uas paub tseeb txog ntshav liab.

Yuav kho tus mob li cas

Nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias muaj kev kho mob rau tus mob autoimmune hemolytic anemia, vim nws yog ib qho muaj rau cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no tau pom sij hawm los ntawm kev muaj mob thiab kho lawv tus mob.

Ua neej nyob ntev li ntev tau hauv kev zam lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau nqa tawm cov kev kho mob uas qhia los ntawm hematologist, ua nrog cov tshuaj uas tswj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas suav nrog corticosteroids, xws li Prednisone, immunosuppressants, xws li Cyclophosphamide lossis Cyclosporine, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li tib neeg immunoglobulin lossis plasmapheresis, uas pab tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau dhau los ntawm cov hlab ntshav, thaum mob hnyav.

Kev phais mob tshem tawm ntawm tus po, hu ua splenectomy, yog qhov kev xaiv nyob rau qee kis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg mob uas tsis teb zoo rau kev kho. Raws li qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis mob tuaj yeem nce ntxiv rau cov neeg uas tshem tawm cov khoom no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xws li antipneumococcal thiab antimeningococcal yog qhia. Txheeb xyuas ntau ntxiv txog kev saib xyuas thiab rov zoo dua tom qab tshem tus po.

Ntxiv rau, kev xaiv ntawm kev kho yog nyob ntawm hom mob autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cov tsos mob nthuav tawm thiab mob hnyav ntawm txhua tus neeg muaj mob. Lub sijhawm kho yog yam tsis txawv txav, thiab qee kis koj tuaj yeem sim pib thim cov tshuaj tom qab li 6 lub hlis los tshuaj xyuas cov lus teb, nyob ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm hematologist.