Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev raug txo lossis ploj mus.

Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tau ua los ntawm lymphoid nqaij hauv lub cev, uas suav nrog:

• Mob hlwb pob txha
• Cov qog ntshav
• Qhov chaw ntawm tus txha caj qaum thiab lub plab zom mov
• Thymus
• Tonsils

Proteins thiab cov qe ntshav hauv cov ntshav kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob pab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm cov tshuaj phem hu ua antigens. Piv txwv ntawm antigens suav nrog cov kab mob, kab mob, co toxins, mob hlwb, thiab cov ntshav txawv teb chaws lossis cov nqaij los ntawm lwm tus neeg lossis hom.

Thaum lub nruab zog tiv thaiv kab mob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nws teb los ntawm kev tsim cov protein hu ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ua kom puas cov tshuaj phem. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev tseem muaj txheej txheem hu ua phagocytosis. Thaum lub sijhawm cov txheej txheem no, qee cov qe ntshav dawb nqos thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob thiab lwm cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws. Cov protein hu ua kev pab ua tiav rau cov txheej txheem no.

Kev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob yuav cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau, cov xwm txheej no tshwm sim thaum cov qe ntshav dawb tshwj xeeb hu ua T lossis B lymphocytes (lossis ob qho tib si) tsis ua haujlwm ib txwm lossis koj lub cev tsis tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom txaus.

Inherited immunodeficiency cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam rau B hlwb muaj xws li:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, uas feem ntau ua rau ua pa thiab lub plab zom mov
• Agammaglobulinemia, uas ua rau muaj mob hnyav thaum ntxov hauv lub neej, thiab feem ntau ua rau tuag taus

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum uas cuam tshuam rau T cov hlwb yuav ua rau rov qab mob Candida (poov xab). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua ke muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ob lub hlwb T thiab B. Nws tuaj yeem tuag taus hauv thawj lub xyoo ntawm lub neej yog tias nws tsis raug kho thaum ntxov.

Tib neeg tau hais tias yuav raug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob vim tias cov tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog (xws li corticosteroids). Immunosuppression kuj tseem yog phiv cov tshuaj kho mob muab los kho mob cancer.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kis tau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob xws li HIV / AIDS thiab kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo (tshwj xeeb yog tias tus neeg tsis noj zaub protein txaus). Ntau yam mob qog noj ntshav kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov tib neeg uas tau tus po tshem tawm tau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab rau kev kis mob los ntawm qee cov kab mob uas tus po tau txais feem ntau pab tua. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib tseem muaj feem ntau yuav kis mob qee yam.

Thaum koj laus zuj zus lawm, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis ua hauj lwm zoo. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob lymphoid xws li thymus) ntsws, thiab tus lej thiab cov haujlwm hauv cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg.

Cov xwm txheej hauv qab no thiab cov kabmob tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis haum tshuaj:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Sau tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus
• Cov tsos mob DiGeorge
• Kev mob ntshav siab Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm
• Leukocyte adhesion tsis xws luag
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Koj tus neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav xav tias koj muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum yog tias koj muaj:

• Cov kab mob uas pheej rov los los sis tsis ploj mus
• Kev kis mob hnyav los ntawm cov kab mob lossis lwm yam kab mob uas feem ntau tsis ua rau kis mob hnyav

Lwm yam paib muaj xws li:

• Cov lus teb tsis zoo rau kev kho mob rau tus kab mob
• Ncua lossis tsis puv rov qab los ntawm kev muaj mob
• Qee hom qog nqaij hlav (xws li Kaposi sarcoma lossis tsis mob Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Qee yam mob (suav nrog qee cov qauv mob ntsws lossis cov poov xab ua mob tas li)

Cov tsos mob nyob ntawm qhov kev cuam tshuam no. Piv txwv li, cov uas muaj tsawg dua ntawm IgA sib xyaw nrog kev qes ntawm qee yam ntawm IgG cov subclasses feem ntau yuav muaj teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsws, qhov ntswg, pob ntseg, lub caj pas, thiab lub plab zom mov.

Kev ntsuam xyuas uas siv los pab txhawm rau tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum yuav suav nrog:

• Ua tiav cov theem hauv cov ntshav, lossis lwm yam kev ntsuas kom ntsuas cov tshuaj tso tawm los ntawm cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob
• Kuaj HIV
• Immunoglobulin qib hauv cov ntshav
• Protein electrophoresis (ntshav lossis tso zis)
• T (thymus muab tau los) lymphocyte suav
• Ntshav dawb ntawm tes suav

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kho tej yam kab mob thiab kab mob kis tau.

Yog tias koj lub cev tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob, koj yuav tsum zam kom txhob sib cuag nrog cov neeg muaj kab mob lossis kis kab mob sib kis. Koj yuav tsum zam cov neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus kab mob nyob hauv 2 lub lis piam dhau los.

Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob, koj tus kws kho mob yuav kho koj nruj. Qhov no suav nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntev lossis tshuaj tua kab mob ntev ntev kom tiv thaiv kev kis mob rov qab los.

Tshuaj Interferon yog siv los kho kab mob khaub thuas thiab qee hom mob cancer. Nws yog cov tshuaj uas ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv ua haujlwm zoo dua.

Cov neeg uas muaj tus kabmob HIV / AIDS tuaj yeem siv tshuaj sib txuas ua ke los txo cov kabmob HIV rau hauv cov kabmob tiv thaiv kabmob thiab txhim kho lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv kabmob.

Cov neeg uas tab tom yuav npaj tua hnoos qeev yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj 2 lub lis piam ua ntej kev phais mob tawm tsam cov kab mob xws li Kab mob ntsws dej ntsws thiab Haemophilus mob npawsCov. Cov neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yav dhau los lossis tsis paub kev tiv thaiv tseem yuav tsum tau txhaj MMR, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv mob qhua qaib. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tseem pom zoo kom tib neeg txhaj koob tshuaj DTaP lossis koob txhaj ntxiv raws li xav tau.

Kev hloov cov pob txha pob txha tej zaum yuav siv los kho qee yam kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob (tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm lwm tus neeg lossis tsiaj) tej zaum yuav pom zoo kom tiv thaiv kev mob tom qab koj tau kis qee tus kab mob lossis kab mob.

Cov neeg muaj qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv immunoglobulins tsawg tuaj yeem pab nrog txhaj tshuaj immunoglobulin (IVIG), muab los ntawm cov leeg ntshav.

Qee qhov tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum ntshav tau mob me thiab ua rau muaj mob ib ntus dhau ib ntus. Lwm tus yog cov mob hnyav thiab yuav tuag taus. Immunosuppression tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj feem ntau ploj mus thaum cov tshuaj nres.

Teeb meem ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus ntseeg tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Mob heev los yog mob ceev ceev
• Nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm qee cov qog nqaij hlav lossis qog ntshav
• Nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob sai li sai tau yog tias koj tau siv tshuaj kho mob lossis corticosteroids thiab koj tsim:

• Ua npaws kub txog 100.5 ° F (38 ° C) lossis siab dua
• Qhov hnoos nrog txog siav
• Plab mob
• Lwm cov tsos mob tshiab

Mus rau chav khomob xwmtxheej ceev lossis hu rau tus npawb xovtooj xwm ceev hauv koj lub nroog (xws li 911) yog tias koj lub caj dab txhav txhav thiab mob taub hau nrog ua npaws.

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj kis cov poov xab mob tas los yog qhov ncauj tawm.

Nws tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv kab mob kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis haum. Yog tias koj muaj keeb kwm keeb kwm tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev, koj yuav xav nrhiav kev pab tawm tswv yim.

Kev siv kev sib deev nyab xeeb thiab zam kev sib koom ntawm dej hauv lub cev yuav pab tiv thaiv tus kabmob HIV / AIDS. Nug koj tus kws kho mob yog tias cov tshuaj hu ua Truvada tsim nyog rau koj los tiv thaiv kev kis mob HIV.

Noj zaub mov zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo.

Immunosuppression; Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob; Immunosuppressed - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob; Kev Hypogammaglobulinemia - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob; Agammaglobulinemia - txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob

• Tshuaj tua kabmob

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Congenital thiab nrhiav kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. Cellular thiab Molecular ImmunologyCov. 9le ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, li al. Pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov neeg laus asplenic thiab hyposplenic. Hum Txoj Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Tiv ThaivCov. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

Cunningham-Rundles C. Thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil TshuajCov. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 236.