Puas Yog Nitrates thiab Nitrites Hauv Cov Khoom Noj Kom Raug Mob?

Zoo Siab

• Dab tsi yog nitrates thiab nitrites?
• Qhov twg nitrates thiab nitrites yog pom
• Ua li cas cov nitrates cuam tshuam txog ntshav siab thiab mob plawv
• Ua tau nitrates roj lub cev kev ua tau zoo?
• Kev phom sij ntawm nitrates thiab nitrites
• Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa roj nitrosamine tsawg
• Hauv qab kab

Nitrates thiab nitrites yog cov sib txuas uas tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab qee yam zaub mov, xws li zaub. Cov neeg tsim khoom kuj ntxiv lawv rau cov zaub mov tiav, xws li nqaij npuas kib, los khaws lawv thiab ua kom ntev dua.

Hauv qee hom, nitrates thiab nitrites tuaj yeem tsim kev phom sij. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv.

Tshooj lus no tshuaj xyuas nitrates thiab nitrites hauv pluas noj.

Dab tsi yog nitrates thiab nitrites?

Nitrates thiab nitrites yog ob hom sib txawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw.

Nitrates (NO3) muaj ib qho nitrogen atom thiab peb oxygen atoms. Nitrites (NO2) muaj ib qho nitrogen atom thiab ob oxygen atoms.

Nitrates yog cov siv tsis tau, uas txhais tau tias lawv yuav ruaj khov thiab tsis zoo pauv thiab ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov kab mob hauv lub qhov ncauj lossis cov enzymes hauv lub cev tuaj yeem hloov lawv mus rau hauv nitrites, thiab cov no yuav tsim kev puas tsuaj.

Nyeg, nitrites tuaj yeem hloov mus rau:

• nitric oxide, uas yog cov txiaj ntsig rau lub cev
• nitrosamines, uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ntsig txog cov hauv qab no.

Cov neeg tsim khoom ntxiv cov nitrites rau cov nqaij kom khaws cia rau lawv. Lawv yog vim li cas thiaj kho nqaij yog liab lossis liab. Hauv cov nqaij, nitrites tig mus rau hauv nitric oxide. Qhov no cuam tshuam nrog cov protein nyob hauv cov nqaij, hloov nws cov xim thiab pab khaws cia. (1).

Yog tsis muaj nitrites thiab lwm yam ntxiv, cov nqaij yuav hloov xim av sai sai.

Nitrates thiab nitrites yog cov sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv nitrogen thiab atoms. Nitrates tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv nitrites, uas tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem tsim cov nitric oxide (zoo) lossis nitrosamines (tsis zoo).

Qhov twg nitrates thiab nitrites yog pom

Cov neeg tsim khoom noj zaub mov feem ntau ntxiv cov nitrates thiab nitrites rau cov nqaij ua tiav, xws li nqaij npuas kib, nqaij npua, nqaij hnyuv ntxwm, thiab dev kub.

Cov tebchaw ntxiv pab rau:

• tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob teeb meem
• ntxiv qab ntsev
• txhim kho cov nqaij kom zoo nkauj los ntawm muab nws xim liab lossis liab xim

Kev noj cov nqaij siav ntau yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob cancer hauv lub plab zom mov. Qee tus neeg ntseeg tias nitrates thiab nitrites yog qhov laj thawj ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo (2,).

Txawm li cas los xij, nitrates thiab nitrites kuj tshwm sim hauv cov zaub, uas yuav txo tau kev pheej hmoo rau qee hom mob qog ntshav thiab lwm yam kab mob (, 5).

Qhov tseeb, raws li kev tshawb nrhiav, tib neeg tau kwv yees li 80% ntawm lawv cov zaub mov nitrates los ntawm cov zaub ().

Lub cev tseem tsim cov pa roj nitrates thiab ua rau lawv cov kua qaub ncaug (7, 8).

Nitrates thiab nitrites khiav tawm ntawm lub plab mus rau hauv cov ntshav, tom qab ntawd rau hauv cov qaub ncaug, thiab rov qab rau hauv lub plab ().

Lawv tej zaum yuav pab tau kom koj lub cev noj qab nyob zoo, zoo li lawv ua haujlwm ua antimicrobials hauv kev zom zaub mov. Lawv tuaj yeem pab tua tua cov kab mob, xws li Salmonella (, ).

Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tig mus rau nitric oxide (TSIS MUAJ), ib qho tseem ceeb taw qhia molecule ().

Nitrates kuj tshwm sim ib txwm muaj hauv dej. Hauv qee thaj chaw, kev siv tshuaj chiv yuav ua rau muaj nitrates ntau uas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau menyuam yaus. Vim li no, cov tswj kev noj qab haus huv tswj cov qib nitrate hauv cov dej haus ().

Nitrates muaj tsawg tsawg hauv cov nqaij ua noj thiab ntau dua hauv cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li zaub. Lawv kuj tshwm sim hauv cov dej haus, thiab tib neeg lub cev tsim cov roj nitrates, thiab.

Ua li cas cov nitrates cuam tshuam txog ntshav siab thiab mob plawv

Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, nitrite poob ib qho oxygen atom. Tom qab ntawd, nws hloov mus rau hauv nitric oxide, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm molecule.

Nitric oxide (TSIS TAU) muaj ntau lub zog hauv lub cev. Nws tuaj yeem ua tshuaj lom hauv tus nqi ntau, tab sis nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv lub cev (14).

Tseem ceeb tshaj, nws yog hom phiajcim. Nws taug kev los ntawm cov phab ntsa leeg thiab xa cov cim qhia rau cov leeg nqaij me me ncig ntawm cov hlab ntshav, qhia lawv kom so ().

Thaum cov paj hlwb no so, cov hlab ntshav nqus, thiab cov ntshav siab poob qis.

Nitroglycerin yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj nitrates. Cov kws kho mob siv nws los kho lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab lwm yam mob ().

Nitroglycerin tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lossis rov qab mob angina, ib hom mob hauv siab uas tshwm sim thaum lub plawv mob tsis tau txais oxygen txaus vim yog ntshav txaus.

Kev noj tshuaj nitrates thiab nitrites kuj tuaj yeem hloov mus rau nitric oxide, ua kom cov hlab ntshav, thiab cov ntshav qis dua ().

Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias cov khoom noj uas muaj nitrates thiab nitrites ntau, xws li kua txiv beetroot lossis kua txiv kab ntxwv tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav siab. Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, ntshav siab poob mus txog 4-10 hli / Hg dhau lub sijhawm ob peb teev (,,).

Ntshav siab yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus ntshai rau kab mob plawv thiab mob hlab ntsha tawg, tej yam mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Hauv lub cev, nitrites tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv nitric oxide (TSIS TAU), lub cim molecule uas ua rau cov hlab ntsha mus rau qhov qis thiab txo cov ntshav siab.

Ua tau nitrates roj lub cev kev ua tau zoo?

Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias nitrates tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub zog qoj ib ce muaj zog.

Qee tus neeg feem ntau siv kua txiv beetroot lossis kua txiv beetroot rau lub hom phiaj no, vim tias lawv muaj cov roj nitrates ntau.

Qhov laj thawj rau qhov kev txhim kho no hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tej zaum yuav yog los ntawm nitrates ua kom nce qib ntawm mitochondria. Mitochondria yog cov ntu ntawm cov qe tsim lub zog ().

Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias beetroot tuaj yeem txo cov pa oxygen ntawm kev tawm dag zog los ntawm 5.4%, nce sijhawm ntxiv rau kev qaug zog thaum khiav los ntawm 15%, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv los ntawm 4% (,,).

Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev noj haus nitrates thiab nitrites tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub zog qoj ib ce muaj zog.

Kev phom sij ntawm nitrates thiab nitrites

Nitrates thiab nitrites yog cov sib txuas uas tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua kev puas tsuaj yog tias lawv ua rau nitrosamines. Nitrosamines tuaj yeem tsim yog tias koj noj nitrates lossis nitrites thaum muaj cua sov. (25).

Nws muaj ntau yam ntawm nitrosamines, thiab ntau yam tuaj yeem nce qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob qog noj ntshav. (26).

Piv txwv Nitrosamines yog ib co carcinogens tseem ceeb hauv cov pa luam yeeb, piv txwv.

Nqaij npuas kib, cov dev kub, thiab cov nqaij ua tiav tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj sodium nitrite ntau ntau. Lawv kuj tseem muaj protein ntau, uas yog ua los ntawm cov amino acids. Ntawm kev raug rau cov cua sov siab, qhov kev sib xyaw no tsim cov kev mob zoo tshaj plaws rau nitrosamines los ua ().

Ua noj zaub, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig los tsim cov nitrosamines. Cov neeg tsis tshua nyiam ua zaub noj thaum tshav kub kub, thiab lawv tsis muaj protein ntau.

Thaum cov nitrites thiab amino acids nyob, cov carcinogenic sib txuas hu ua nitrosamines tuaj yeem tsim thaum ua noj nrog kub kub.

Yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa roj nitrosamine tsawg

Cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau txwv cov roj nitrites uas lawv siv nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ua tiav los ntawm kev cai lij choj, vim tias muaj kev phom sij uas nitrosamines tsim.

Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov vitamin C, uas inhibits nitrosamine tsim ().

Cov nqaij ua niaj hnub koj noj niaj hnub no muaj nitrite tsawg dua li ob peb lub xyoos dhau los.

Koj tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm nitrosamine raug los ntawm kev xaiv cov ntse thaum mus yuav cov nqaij tiav, xws li nqaij npuas kib.

Qee qhov chaw nthuav tawm muag cov nqaij npuas zoo uas tsis muaj nitrate. Cov khoom xyaw yuav tsum qhia tias cov nqaij npuas kib tsis muaj qhov sib xyaw nrog uas muaj nitrates.

Koj yuav tsum kos cov ntawv rau:

• sodium nitrate (E251)
• sodium nitrite (E250)
• poov tshuaj nitrate (E252)
• poov tshuaj nitrite (E249)

Nws yog nqi tshuaj xyuas cov khoom xyaw. Qee qhov kev ua haujlwm ntuj thiab cov organic ntawm kev khaws cov nqaij, xws li cov ntsev celery, yuav muaj cov roj nitrates. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qee qhov "nitrate free" nqaij npuas kib yuav muaj nitrates ntau dua li cov nqaij npuas xyaw (29).

Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias tau txais cov nqaij npuas kib uas tsis muaj nitrates, koj tuaj yeem sim cov hauv qab no:

• Yuav nyob ze qhov twg uas muaj peev xwm los yog los ntawm cov khw tshav puam yuav zaub.
• Pom neeg muab khoom noj ntawm cov nqaij npuas kib los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg loj tuaj.
• Fry los yog muab cov nqaij npuas kib kom sov tsawg dua thiab kom tsis txhob hlawv.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb laus qhia tias kev ua noj nqaij npuas kib hauv lub microwave yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau txo nitrosamine tsim (30).

Ntawm no yog cov yees duab nrog cov lus qhia tias yuav ua li cas.

Nitrates yog ib hom tshuaj uas muaj kev tiv thaiv, thiab nqaij npuas kib uas tsis muaj nitrates yuav tsis nyob ntev li ntev. Koj tuaj yeem khaws nws ntev dua los ntawm kev ua kom khov.

Koj tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa roj nitrosamine los ntawm kev ua tib zoo xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj cov quav qis uas muaj cov roj nitrates.

Hauv qab kab

Nitrates thiab nitrites yog cov sib txuas uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab qee yam zaub mov. Lawv tseem tau ntxiv rau qee cov zaub mov ua tiav los txuas lub neej txee.

Lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau nitric oxide, zom koj cov hlab ntsha, thiab txo qis ntshav siab. Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev.

Tseem, cov carcinogenic compound nitrosamines tuaj yeem tsim tau yog tias koj noj nitrates lossis nitrites thaum muaj cua sov, uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Vim yog cov kev cai nruj me ntsis, muaj cov nitrites tsawg dua hauv cov zaub mov ua tiav hnub no, vim tias cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau txwv cov khoom lawv siv.

Koj tuaj yeem txo koj txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa roj nitrosamine los ntawm kev ua tib zoo kawm daim ntawv qhia thaum mus yuav cov nqaij ua tiav los nrhiav cov khoom lag luam nrog tsis muaj tsawg lossis tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas muaj nitrates.