ABO tsis sib xws

A, B, AB, thiab O yog 4 hom ntshav loj. Cov hom yog ua raws cov tshuaj me (molecules) nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov qe ntshav.

Thaum cov tib neeg muaj ib hom ntshav tau txais ntshav los ntawm cov neeg muaj ntshav sib txawv, nws yuav ua rau lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no hu ua ABO tsis sib xws.

Vim tias muaj cov txuj ci xeem niaj hnub no, cov teeb meem no muaj tsawg heev.

Cov ntshav sib txawv yog:

• Hom A
• Hom B
• Hom AB
• Hom O

Cov neeg uas muaj ib hom ntshav yuav tsim cov protein (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv) uas ua rau lawv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam ib lossis ntau ntawm lwm cov ntshav.

Raug rau lwm hom ntshav tuaj yeem ua kev tawm tsam. Qhov no tseem ceeb thaum twg ib tug neeg xav tau cov ntshav (hloov ntshav) lossis muaj kev hloov ntshav hauv lub cev. Cov hom ntshav yuav tsum haum kom zam dhau ntawm ABO kev tsis sib xws.

Piv txwv li:

• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom A yuav rov tiv thaiv hom B lossis hom ntshav AB.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom B yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv hom ntshav lossis hom ntshav AB.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom O yuav tiv thaiv hom A, hom B, lossis hom ntshav ntshav AB.
• Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom ntshav AB yuav tsis nti tawm tsam hom A, hom B, ntshav AB, lossis ntshav O hom ntshav.

Hom ntshav O tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tiv thaiv lub cev thaum muab rau cov neeg muaj ntshav hom A, hom B, lossis ntshav AB. Qhov no yog vim li cas hom ntshav ntshav O tuaj yeem muab rau cov neeg ntawm ib hom ntshav. Cov neeg muaj ntshav hom O hu ua neeg pab dawb. Tab sis cov neeg muaj hom O tsuas tuaj yeem txais hom ntshav O xwb.

Ob lub ntshav thiab ntshav ntxiv yuav tsum sib phim kom tsis txhob muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ua ntej leej twg tau txais ntshav, ob qho ntshav thiab tus neeg tau txais yuav raug ntsuas ua tib zoo kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi. Feem ntau, ib qho kev tawm tsam tshwm sim vim yog tus sau yuam kev ua rau ib tus neeg tau txais cov ntshav tsis sib xws.

Cov hauv qab no yog cov tsos mob ntawm ABO hloov ntshav sib xws:

• Tsawg rov qab mob
• Cov ntshav nyob hauv cov zis
• Ua daus no
• Mloog cov "xav txog doom"
• Ua npaws
• Xeev siab thiab ntuav
• Ua tsis taus pa
• Txhawb lub plawv dhia
• Mob ntawm Txoj kev lis ntshav thaj chaw
• Kev mob hauv siab
• Kiv taub hau
• Bronchospasm (spasm ntawm cov leeg nqaij hauv lub ntsws; ua rau hnoos)
• Daim tawv daj thiab ntsiab muag ntawm lub qhov muag (daj)
• Mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm
• Cov ntshav siab qis
• Kev nthuav tawm ntawm qhov nqaij ntshav sib luag (DIC)

Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas lub cev. Kev kuaj ntshav feem ntau yuav qhia:

• Theem bilirubin yog siab kawg
• Tiav ntshav suav (CBC) qhia cov kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntshav liab los yog ntshav liab
• Tus neeg txais thiab cov ntshav tsis txaus siv
• Kom cov lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
• Txhawb cov ntshav urea nitrogen (BUN) thiab creatinine; tsam raug mob raum
• Lub sijhawm ntev prothrombin lossis qee lub sijhawm thromboplastin (tshawb pom ntawm DIC)
• Kev soj ntsuam kuaj tus mob antiglobulin zoo (DAT)

Kuaj ntshav qhia tias muaj hemoglobin vim yog cov qe ntshav liab tawg.

Yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim, kev hloov ntshav yuav tsum nres tam sim ntawd. Kev kho mob kuj yuav suav nrog:

• Tshuaj siv los kho kev ua xua (antihistamines)
• Cov tshuaj siv los kho kev o thiab ua xua (tshuaj steroids)
• Cov kua dej uas muab los ntawm txoj hlab ntshav (leeg ntshav)
• Tshuaj kho mob txhawm rau nce ntshav siab yog tias nws poob qis

Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm ABO tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem loj heev uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Nrog rau txoj cai thiab kho mob kom raws sij hawm, kev kho kom puv yuav tsum.

Teeb meem uas tej zaum yuav muaj xws li:

• Raum tsis ua haujlwm
• Kev ntshav qis uas xav tau kev saib xyuas mob hnyav
• Kev Tuag

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj nyuam qhuav tau txhab ntshav lossis hloov ntshav thiab koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm ABO tsis sib xws.

Ua tib zoo soj ntsuam cov ntshav pub thiab cov neeg txais ntshav ua ntej hloov ntshav lossis hloov ntshav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no.

Hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv - hemolytic; Mob hemolytic txhaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; AHTR; Cov ntshav tsis sib xws - ABO

• Jaundiced tus me nyuam mos
• Tshuaj tua kabmob

Kaide CG, Thompson LR. Hloov ntshav: cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav tawm. Hauv: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts thiab Hedges 'Cov Txheej Txheem Chaw Kho Mob hauv Xwm Ceev Kho Mob thiab Mob Zoo Mob. 7 tus ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 28.

Manis JP. Ntshav cov ntshav, kuaj ntshav pub dawb, thiab cov ntshav ntxiv rau. Hauv: Rifai N, ed. Tietz Phau Ntawv Txheeb Txog Kev Kho Mob Chemistry thiab Molecular Diagnostics. 6 tus ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chap 81.

Nester T. Kev tiv thaiv ntshav tiv thaiv thiab hloov ntshav ntxiv. Hauv: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn's Kev Kho Mob 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 394-400.