Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis yog ib hom mob raum nyob rau hauv uas ib feem ntawm koj ob lub raum uas pab lim dej thiab cov dej tawm hauv cov ntshav tuaj.

Chav lim ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum yog hu ua glomerulus. Txhua lub raum muaj phav phav glomeruli. Lub glomeruli pab lub cev kom tshem tau cov tshuaj phem.

Glomerulonephritis tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm teeb meem hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Feem ntau, qhov tseeb qhia tus mob no.

Kev puas tsuaj rau lub glomeruli ua rau cov ntshav thiab cov protein poob hauv cov zis.

Tus mob yuav loj tuaj sai, thiab lub raum ua haujlwm ploj hauv lub lis piam lossis ob hlis. Qhov no yog hu ua kev nce qib sai sai glomerulonephritis.

Qee cov neeg uas muaj tus mob glomerulonephritis mob ntev tsis muaj keeb kwm mob raum.

Cov hauv qab no tej zaum yuav ua rau koj muaj feem raug tus mob no:

• Ntshav lossis lymphatic system mob
• Raug rau cov kuab tshuaj hydrocarbon
• Keeb kwm mob cancer
• Cov kab mob kis tau xws li kab mob qog, kab mob, mob ntsws, lossis mob qog ntshav

Ntau yam xwm txheej ua rau lossis nce qhov phom sij ua tus kab mob glomerulonephritis, suav nrog:

• Amyloidosis (kev tsis txaus siab hauv cov protein hu ua amyloid txhim kho cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij)
• Kev tsis txaus siab uas cuam tshuam rau glomerular hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias, ib feem ntawm lub raum uas pab lim dej khib nyiab thiab ua kua dej ntxiv los ntawm cov ntshav
• Cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntshav, xws li vasculitis lossis polyarteritis
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (mob khaub thuas ntawm glomeruli)
• Anti-glomerular qab daus membrane kab mob (kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv uas tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam lub glomeruli)
• Analgesic nephropathy syndrome (mob raum vim tias siv tshuaj ntau heev, tshwj xeeb NSAIDs)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau pob txuv liab rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob pob txha, mob plab hnyuv thiab glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua IgA txhim kho hauv lub raum nqaij)
• Lupus nephritis (mob raum ntawm cov mob lupus)
• Membranoproliferative GN (daim ntawv ntawm glomerulonephritis vim muaj qhov tsis txawv txav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv lub raum)

Cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm glomerulonephritis yog:

• Cov ntshav hauv cov zis (tsaus, xeb xim daj, lossis ntshav daj)
• Ua npuas ncauj ntshav (vim tias muaj protein ntau hauv cov zis)
• O lub ntsej muag, ob lub qhov muag, pob taws, ko taw, ceg, lossis hauv plab

Cov tsos mob kuj yuav suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

• Mob plab
• Cov ntshav hauv cov ntuav lossis cov quav
• Hnoos thiab txog siav
• Zawv plab
• Kev tso zis ntau dhau
• Ua npaws
• Kev tsis xis nyob, nkees, thiab tsis qab los
• Mob leeg los yog mob ib ce
• Nuj Nphlaib

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob raum yuav pib tshwm sim ntev mus.

Cov tsos mob rau lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm yuav maj mam tshwm sim.

Vim tias cov tsos mob yuav pib qeeb, qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem nrhiav pom thaum koj tso zis tsis raws plab thaum lub cev ib txwm kuaj lossis kuaj lwm yam mob.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob glomerulonephritis tuaj yeem suav nrog:

• Mob Kev Plab
• Ntshav siab
• Cov cim ntawm txo raum kev ua haujlwm

Lub raum tso tawm ua pov thawj hais txog kev kuaj mob.

Tom qab, pom cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob raum yuav pom, suav nrog:

• Hlwb kab mob (polyneuropathy)
• Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kua overload, suav nrog lub suab txawv txav hauv lub plawv thiab lub ntsws
• O o (edema)

Kev ntsuam xyuas cov duab uas yuav ua tau muaj xws li:

• Mob plab hauv TV
• Lub raum ultrasound
• Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob xoo
• Tso cov tshuaj pyelogram (IVP)

Urinalysis thiab lwm yam kev kuaj zis muaj xws li:

• Creatinine kev tshem tawm
• Kev kuaj cov zis hauv lub tshuab tsom
• Zis tag nrho cov protein
• Uric acid nyob rau hauv cov zis
• Tso zis tsom kuaj
• Zis creatinine
• Zis protein
• Zis RBC
• Tso zis tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus
• Zis osmolality

Kab mob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txawv txav ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntshav hauv qab no:

• Albumin
• Antiglomerular hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias tshuaj
• Cov tshuaj ua rau antineutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCAs)
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam
• BUN thiab creatinine
• Sib txuam sib luag

Kev kho yog nyob ntawm qhov ua kom muaj kev tsis sib xws, thiab hom thiab mob hnyav heev ntawm cov tsos mob. Tswj ntshav siab yog feem ntau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kho.

Cov tshuaj uas yuav muab tshuaj suav nrog:

• Cov tshuaj ntshav siab, feem ntau feem ntau angiotensin-hloov ua enzyme inhibitors thiab angiotensin receptor blockers
• Corticosteroids
• Cov tshuaj noj uas tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev

Cov txheej txheem hu ua plasmapheresis qee zaum siv rau glomerulonephritis los ntawm cov teeb meem tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov kua ntshav ntawm cov ntshav uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raug tshem tawm thiab hloov nrog kua dej los yog ntshav pub dawb (uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv). Tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txo tus mob hauv raum cov ntaub so ntswg.

Koj yuav tsum tau txwv koj txoj kev haus dej ntawm sodium, kua, protein thiab lwm yam.

Cov neeg muaj tus mob no yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lub raum tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Limlysis lossis raum hloov raum tej zaum yuav xav tau.

Koj tuaj yeem daws kev ntxhov siab sai sai ntawm kev muaj mob los ntawm kev koom nrog cov pab pawg uas cov tswvcuab sib koom ua ke thiab teeb meem.

Glomerulonephritis tej zaum yuav yog ib ntus thiab thim rov qab, los yog nws tuaj yeem mob hnyav ntxiv. Mob siab glomerulonephritis tej zaum yuav ua rau:

• Mob raum tsis ua hauj lwm
• Txo raum muaj nuj nqi
• Mob raum-theem kab mob

Yog tias koj muaj mob nephrotic thiab nws tuaj yeem tswj tau, koj kuj tuaj yeem tswj hwm lwm cov tsos mob. Yog tias nws tswj tsis tau, koj yuav pib mob raum mus txog thaum kawg.

Hu koj tus kws kho mob yog hais tias:

• Koj muaj mob uas ua rau koj muaj kev phom sij rau glomerulonephritis
• Koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob glomerulonephritis

Feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus kab mob glomerulonephritis. Qee qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev zam los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov kuab tshuaj organic, mercury, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo (NSAIDs).

Glomerulonephritis - mob ntev; Mob ntsws nephritis; Glomerular kab mob; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - crescentic; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Kev loj hlob sai ntawm glomerulonephritis

• Raum anatomy
• Glomerulus thiab nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB, D'Agati VD. Kab mob glomerular Secondary. Hauv: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner thiab Rector's RaumCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 32.

Reich HN, Cattran DC. Kev kho mob ntawm glomerulonephritis. Hauv: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner thiab Rector's RaumCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 33.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Thawj tus kab mob glomerular. Hauv: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner thiab Rector's RaumCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 31.