Tus Sau: Marcus Baldwin
Hnub Kev Tsim: 15 Lub Rau Hlis Ntuj 2021
Hloov Hnub: 1 Lub Kaum Ib Hli Ntuj 2024
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia | Genetics, Pathophysiology, Symptoms and Treatment
Daim Duab: Familial Hypercholesterolemia | Genetics, Pathophysiology, Symptoms and Treatment

Familial hypercholesterolemia yog ib qho kev mob uas kis los ntawm cov tsev neeg. Nws ua rau LDL (phem) qib roj hauv siab yuav tsum muaj. Tus mob pib thaum yug los thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob plawv thaum hnub nyoog ntxov.

Muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog:

  • Familial ua ke hyperlipidemia
  • Familial hypertriglyceridemia
  • Tus mob ntshav siab dysbetalipoproteinemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia yog caj ces tsis meej. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis xws ntawm chromosome 19.

Qhov ntxeev ua rau lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tshem cov lipoprotein tsawg (LDL, lossis phem) cov roj los ntawm cov ntshav. Qhov no ua rau muaj LDL theem siab hauv cov ntshav. Qhov no ua rau koj muaj feem ntau yuav muaj txoj hlab ntshav me los ntawm atherosclerosis thaum hnub nyoog yau. Tus mob feem ntau dhau los ntawm cov tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub autosomal hom yam. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txais cov qhov txawv txav ntawm ib tus niam txiv thiaj li yuav tau tus kabmob.

Muaj qee zaus, menyuam yaus yuav tau tus gene los ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, qhov nce ntawm cov rog hauv qib siab yuav hnyav dua. Txoj kev pheej hmoo rau mob plawv thiab mob plawv yog lub siab, txawm tias thaum yau.


Yav thaum ub tej zaum tsis muaj tsos mob dab tsi.

Cov tsos mob uas yuav tshwm sim suav nrog:

  • Cov tawv nqaij ua kom tawv nqaij hu ua xanthomas dhau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhais tes, lauj tshib, hauv caug, pob luj taws thiab ncig ntawm lub qhov muag
  • Cov roj (cholesterol) tso rau hauv daim tawv muag (xanthelasmas)
  • Mob hauv siab (angina) lossis lwm yam cim ntawm tus kab mob rau txoj hlab ntshav ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem yog thaum tseem hluas
  • Kev zawm ntawm ib lossis ob qho thawm thaum taug kev
  • Mob rau ntawm cov ntiv taw uas tsis kho
  • Cov tsos mob tam sim ntawd xws li hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg, nqis rau ntawm ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag, tsis muaj zog ntawm caj npab lossis txhais ceg, thiab tsis poob ntawm qhov sib npaug

Kev kuaj lub cev yuav qhia cov tawv nqaij rog hu ua xanthomas thiab cov roj (cholesterol) hauv lub qhov muag (mob pob ntseg).

Tus kws kho mob yuav nug txog koj li kev mob nkeeg thiab kev mob nkeeg hauv tsev neeg. Tej zaum yuav muaj:

  • Cov tsev neeg muaj keeb kwm muaj keeb kwm zoo tshaj ntawm tsev neeg hypercholesterolemia lossis mob plawv thaum ntxov
  • Theem ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) LDL ntau hauv ob lossis ob leeg niam txiv

Cov tib neeg los ntawm cov tsev neeg uas muaj keeb kwm muaj mob plawv sai yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav seb puas muaj qib lipid.


Kev kuaj ntshav yuav qhia pom:

  • Theem siab ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) tag nrho
  • Muaj qib LDL siab
  • Qib triglyceride qib

Lwm yam kev xeem uas yuav muaj xws li:

  • Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cell hu ua fibroblasts kom pom tias lub cev nqus cov roj cholesterol LDL npaum li cas
  • Kev tshuaj ntsuam caj rau cov kev tsis taus cuam tshuam nrog cov mob no

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho mob yog los txo qis kev mob plawv atherosclerotic. Cov tib neeg uas tau txais ib daim ntawv theej ntawm cov muaj cov gene tsis zoo los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv tuaj yeem ua tau zoo nrog kev hloov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj statin.

LUB NEEJ MUAJ KEV PAUV HLOOV

Thawj kaujruam yog hloov yam koj noj. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob yuav xav kom koj sim ua li no ob peb hlis ua ntej sau ntawv yuav cov tshuaj. Kev noj zaub mov noj kom tsawg xws li txo qis cov rog koj noj kom nws tsawg dua 30% ntawm koj cov calories. Yog tias koj rog dhau, poob ceeb thawj yog qhov txiaj ntsig heev.

Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev los txiav kev muaj roj ntau hauv koj cov zaub mov:

  • Noj tsawg dua nqaij nyuj, nqaij qaib, nqaij npuas, thiab yaj
  • Hloov cov mis nyuj uas muaj roj ua haujlwm nrog cov muaj roj tsawg
  • Tshem tawm cov rog rog trans

Koj tuaj yeem txo cov roj (cholesterol) uas koj noj los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov qe thiab cov nqaij hauv nruab nrog xws li nplooj siab.


Nws kuj yuav pab nrog tham nrog tus kws paub txog zaub mov noj uas tuaj yeem muab tswv yim rau koj txog kev hloov pauv koj kev noj haus. Kev poob phaus thiab kev tawm dag zog tas li kuj yuav txo qis koj cov roj (cholesterol).

COV TSHUAJ KHO MOB

Yog tias txoj kev ua neej nyob tsis hloov pauv koj cov qib roj hauv siab, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom noj tshuaj. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj muaj los pab txo qis cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav siab, thiab lawv ua haujlwm tsis sib xws. Qee qhov zoo dua ntawm kev txo qis roj LDL cov roj, qee qhov zoo dua ntawm kev txo cov roj triglycerides, thaum lwm tus pab nce roj HDL. Ntau tus neeg yuav nyob ntawm ob peb yam tshuaj.

Cov tshuaj Statin feem ntau siv thiab ua tau zoo heev. Cov tshuaj no pab txo qis koj tus mob plawv thiab mob stroke.

Lawv suav nrog:

  • Lovastatin (Mevacor)
  • Pravastatin (Pravachol)
  • Simvastatin (Zocor)
  • Fluvastatin (Lescol)
  • Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
  • Pitivastatin (Livalo)
  • Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Lwm cov tshuaj txo cov roj (cholesterol) yog:

  • Bile acid-sequestering resins.
  • Ezetimibe.
  • Fibrates (xws li gemfibrozil lossis fenofibrate).
  • Nicotinic acid.
  • PCSK9 inhibitors, xws li alirocumab (Praluent) thiab evolocumab (Repatha). Cov no sawv cev rau cov chav kawm tshiab uas muaj tshuaj kho ntshav siab.

Cov neeg uas muaj kev mob nyhav heev yuav tau kho tus mob apheresis. Ntshav lossis ntshav plob tawm ntawm lub cev. Cov lim roj tshwj xeeb tshem cov roj LDL ntxiv, thiab cov ntshav ntshav ntxiv rov qab los rau hauv lub cev.

Koj yuav ua tau zoo npaum li cas yog nyob ntawm koj saib koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kho zoo npaum li cas. Ua rau kev noj haus hloov, qoj ib ce, thiab noj koj cov tshuaj kom raug yog tuaj yeem txo cov qib roj cholesterol. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem pab ncua kev mob plawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas muaj kev mob tshwm sim me me.

Tus txiv neej thiab poj niam nrog tsev neeg hypercholesterolemia feem ntau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob plawv thaum ntxov.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm txoj kev tuag txawv ntawm cov neeg uas muaj mob ntxaug ntshav. Yog tias koj txais ob daim ntawv theej ntawm cov noob tsis xws luag, koj muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Hom kev lag luam hypercholesterolemia tsis teb zoo rau kev kho mob thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj mob plawv thaum ntxov.

Teeb meem yuav suav nrog:

  • Lub plawv sawv cev thaum tseem yau
  • Kab mob plawv
  • Mob stroke
  • Peripheral vascular kab mob

Nrhiav kev kho mob sai sai yog tias koj muaj mob hauv siab lossis lwm yam cim ceeb toom ntawm kev mob plawv.

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj keeb kwm tus kheej lossis tsev neeg muaj roj ntshav siab.

Kev noj haus hauv cov roj (cholesterol) thiab roj nyeem tsawg thiab muaj roj ntau ntau yuav pab tswj hwm koj qib LDL.

Cov neeg uas muaj keeb kwm tsev neeg ntawm tus mob no, tshwj xeeb yog ob tog niam txiv muaj cov roj ntsha muaj taus, tej zaum yuav xav nrhiav kev pab tawm tswv yim txog caj ces.

Hom II hyperlipoproteinemia; Hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis; Tsawg lipoprotein receptor hloov tsawg

  • Roj Cholesterol - qhov yuav tsum nug koj tus kws kho mob
  • Xanthoma - ze-tu
  • Xanthoma rau ntawm lub hauv caug
  • Cov hlab ntshav txhaws

Genest J, Libby P. Lipoprotein cuam tshuam thiab mob plawv. Hauv: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald's Plawv Lub Plawv: Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Cov Tshuaj Mob plawvCov. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 48.

Robinson JG. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lipid metabolism. Hauv: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil TshuajCov. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cha 195.

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