Barbiturates: Siv, Cov Ntawv, Sab Nraum, thiab Lwm Yam

Zoo Siab

• Cov lus qhia sai txog barbiturates
• Dab tsi yog barbiturates?
• Vim li cas thiaj txwv tau barbiturates?
• Cov hom ntawm barbiturates
• Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke siv rau mob taub hau:
• Kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo yog dabtsi?
• Kev phom sij ntawm kev noj barbiturates
• Cev xeeb tub pheej hmoo
• Thau cov tsos mob
• Cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj nyob puag ncig barbiturates yog dab tsi?
• Thaum twg thiaj li yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav kev khomob kub ntxhov
• Cas yuav barbiturates piv rau benzodiazepines?
• Hauv qab kab

Barbiturates tau nyob ze rau 150 xyoo. Lawv tau nrov txij thaum xyoo 1900 mus txog xyoo 1970s. Ob ntawm kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ua rau pw tsaug zog thiab ntxhov siab.

Hauv ib lub sijhawm muaj ntau tshaj 50 hom barbiturates muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Thaum kawg, lawv tau hloov los ntawm lwm cov tshuaj vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev nyab xeeb.

Nyeem rau kom paub txog kev siv, teebmeem, thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm barbiturates.

Cov lus qhia sai txog barbiturates

• Barbiturates yog tsis tshua muaj siv hnub no. Lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev ua siab ntev, kev vam khom, thiab kev siv ntau dhau.
• Cov tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj tuaj yeem muaj cov kev cuam tshuam luv-rau-ntev. Nws nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb.
• Raws li National Institute ntawm Kev Tsim Txom Tshuaj (NIDA), nyob rau xyoo 2016 muaj 409 tuag los ntawm kev noj ntau tshaj nrog barbiturates. Nees nkaum ib feem pua ​​suav nrog hluavtaws opioids.
• Koj tsis tuaj yeem cia li tsis noj tam sim ntawd tom qab siv tas. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsos mob hnyav tshem tawm tawm. Qhov no suav nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tuag.

Dab tsi yog barbiturates?

Barbiturates muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb. Lawv nce gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) kev ua hauv lub hlwb. GABA yog lub hlwb ua tshuaj uas tsim cov nyhuv sedating.

Cov tshuaj yog cwj pwm sib sau. Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua siab ntev thiab kev vam khom rau barbiturates. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj xav tau cov nyiaj siab dua kom tau tib yam. Kheev txiav cov tshuaj no ua rau cov tsos mob tshem tawm.

Noj ntau dua ntawm barbiturates yog txaus ntshai vim tias koj muaj peev xwm noj ntau dhau. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj cov tshuaj no tsis tau hais tam sim no.

Vim li cas thiaj txwv tau barbiturates?

Niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj no yog siv rau:

• ntxhov siab vim thiab kev loog ntsig txog kev phais mob (yog tias lwm cov tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm)
• insomnia (tsis tshua muaj)
• qaug dab peg (yog tias lwm yam tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm)
• Tshuaj loog
• nro mob taub hau
• kev raug mob puas hlwb (TBI)

Cov hom ntawm barbiturates

Cov ntaub qhwv muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tuaj yeem, ua kua, ntsiav tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsiav. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub zog thiab kev sib txuam.

Barbiturates yog Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Yeeb Tshuaj (DEA) tswj yeeb tshuaj vim lawv muaj peev xwm siv tsis raug.

DEA tau cais cov tshuaj rau hauv tsib pawg tshuaj, suav txij li Schedule I mus rau Sijhawm V. Daim ntawv teev sijhawm qhia txog qhov yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tsis raug cai, nrog rau cov tshuaj uas tau txais kev siv khomob.

Piv txwv, Teem Sij Hawm Cov tshuaj tsis tau txais kev siv tshuaj kho mob tam sim no thiab muaj qhov ua tau zoo rau kev siv tsis raws cai. Teem caij V tshuaj muaj qhov tsis tshua zoo rau kev siv tsis zoo.

Cov npe (cov qauv tsis xws luag thiab hom) rau barbiturates suav nrog:

• amobarbital injectable (Amytal), DEA Sijhawm II
• butabarbital ntsiav tshuaj (Butisol), DEA Sijhawm III
• methohexital injectable (Brevital), DEA Sijhawm IV
• pentobarbital injectable (Nembutal), DEA Sijhawm II
• secobarbital tsiav tshuaj (Seconal), DEA Sijhawm II
• primidone ntsiav tshuaj (Mysoline). Cov tshuaj no yog metabolized rau phenobarbital. Nws tau siv rau qaug dab peg thiab tsis muaj DEA Cov Sijhawm.

Cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke siv rau mob taub hau:

• butalbital / acetaminophen capsule thiab ntsiav tshuaj
• butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine tsiav tshuaj, ntsiav tshuaj, thiab kua ua kua, DEA Schedule III
• butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine / codeine ntsiav tshuaj (Fioricet nrog codeine), DEA Sijhawm III
• butalbital / tshuaj aspirin / tshuaj ntsiav kas fes thiab tshuaj ntsiav (Fiorinal, Lanorinal), DEA Sijhawm III
• butalbital / tshuaj aspirin / caffeine / codeine tsiav tshuaj (Fiorinal nrog codeine), DEA Sijhawm III

Kev mob tshwm sim tsis zoo yog dabtsi?

Feem ntau cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm barbiturates yog kiv taub hau thiab tsaug zog. Cov haujlwm uas xav kom koj yuav tsum ceev faj, xws li tsav tsheb, yuav yog qhov nyuaj.

Qee qhov kev mob tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj tab sis muaj hnyav heev. Cov no suav nrog:

• ua pa nyuaj, mob hauv siab, lossis nruj
• ua pob
• ua npaws
• mob tej pob txha
• o ntawm lub ntsej muag, daim di ncauj, lossis caj pas
• ntshav txawv lossis doog ntshav

Hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj muaj tej kev mob tshwm sim no.

Lwm cov kev phiv ntau muaj xws li:

• mob taub hau
• tsis meej pem
• txob taus
• kev ntxhov siab
• kev nyuaj siab
• ntxhov siab ntxhov plawv
• ntshav siab
• xeev siab
• ntuav
• teeb meem nrog kev sib npaug thiab txav
• teeb meem nrog kev hais lus, kev xav thiab kev nco

Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom tham txog tej kev txhawj xeeb txog tej kev phiv.

Kev phom sij ntawm kev noj barbiturates

Qee yam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev phiv los sis noj tshuaj ntau dhau nrog kev siv barbiturate. Qhov no suav nrog koj hnub nyoog, kev mob, thiab lwm yam tshuaj koj tau siv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov kev ua kom loog ntawm lwm cov tshuaj. Qhov no suav nrog:

• fab tshuaj tsis haum xws li antihistamines
• tshuaj kho mob, tshwj xeeb opioids xws li morphine thiab hydrocodone
• tshuaj tsaug zog los sis ntxhov siab (benzodiazepines)
• cawv
• lwm yam tshuaj uas ua rau qaug zog lossis tsaug zog

Chav kawm txog yeeb tshuaj no tau siv tsawg niaj hnub no vim tias cov tshuaj tshiab tshiab muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo dua.

Barbiturates muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua piv rau cov txiaj ntsig. Cov neeg tau sau cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev phiv.

Cev xeeb tub pheej hmoo

Muaj kev pheej hmoo los txuas rau kev siv barbiturate thaum cev xeeb tub. Cov tshuaj no qee zaum siv yog tias tsis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv tshuaj.

Coob tus laus tau tsim kev sib txheeb ntawm txoj kev siv cov nyom thaum lub caij cev xeeb tub nrog cov teeb meem thaum yug los. Cov menyuam mos yuav muaj nrog kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob yog tias pom qhov barbiturates ntev lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub.

Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem yug tau nyob ntawm barbiturates thiab raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob tom qab yug.

Ib tug tsiaj pom raug rau cov menyuam mos yug los ua teeb meem hauv kev txhim kho hlwb. Cov tshuaj (pentobarbital) cuam tshuam kev kawm, nco, thiab lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Thau cov tsos mob

Cov laj kab yuav ua rau tuag taus yog tias nres tam sim ntawd. Cov kev txhaum fab hnyav yog nyob ntawm tus neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho, lwm qhov mob uas lawv muaj, thiab lwm yam tshuaj noj.

Yog tias koj tau noj cov tshuaj barbiturate, nco ntsoov nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham ua ntej tsum tsis noj cov tshuaj.

Qee qhov tsos mob tshem tawm ntawm barbiturates muaj xws li:

• xeev siab thiab ntuav
• mob plab zom mov
• kev nyuaj siab, ntxhov siab, lossis nyob tsis tswm
• teeb meem nrog pw tsaug zog, tsom, thiab ua kom pom tseeb
• teeb meem hauv lub plawv
• nce lub cev kub
• qaug dab peg
• tshee
• delirium
• lus txhais

Rau cov tsos mob hnyav tshem tawm, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv tsev khomob kom txog thaum cov tshuaj tawm hauv koj lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau hnub.

Cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj nyob puag ncig barbiturates yog dab tsi?

Cov neeg ua haujlwm (Barbiturates) muaj qhov kws kho mob sau nyob rau hauv peb pawg DEA. Qhov no ua raws li lawv lub peev xwm rau kev quav thiab siv tsis raug.

Lawv tseem tau siv raug cai hauv tsev kho mob rau tshuaj loog, ua kom loog, TBI, qaug dab peg, thiab lwm yam kev xaiv. Lawv kuj tseem raug kho rau mob taub hau thiab pw tsaug zog yog tias lwm cov tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm.

Txawm li cas los xij, barbiturates tseem dhau los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai. Kev siv tsis raug cai tau ua rau muaj kev ploj tuag ntau heev vim tias cov tshuaj yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev kho tus kheej. Qhov phom sij nce ntxiv thaum barbiturates ua ke nrog cawv, opioids, benzodiazepines zoo li diazepam, lossis lwm yam tshuaj.

Cov khoom siv bar Barbrates tseem siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws vim tias lawv tsis tshua kim. Nov yog ib qho laj thawj lawv tseem muaj. Lawv kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv veterinary cov chaw thiab cov chaw soj nstuam rau kev tshawb fawb.

Kev yuav khoom hauv online yog lwm qhov txhaum cai ntawm barbiturates. Lawv tuaj nrog ntau dua vim tias cov tshuaj yuav dhau sijhawm lossis paug nrog lwm cov tshuaj.

Nws txhaum cai los yuav lossis siv barbiturates yam tsis muaj kws kho mob sau ntawv. Tseemfwv qibsiab thiab lub xeev txoj cai rau kev yuav, muag, lossis noj cov tshuaj tsis raug cai.

Thaum twg thiaj li yuav tsum tau mus nrhiav kev khomob kub ntxhov

Barbiturates tsis siv ntau heev nyob rau hnub no vim tias lawv daim ntawv teev kev nyab xeeb tsis zoo rau kev siv ntau dhau. Ntau yam ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab vim li cas qee tus neeg yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo rau noj ntau dhau.

Qhov no suav nrog:

• lwm cov tshuaj uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hlwb, xws li opioids thiab benzodiazepines
• cawv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj thiab ua rau lub cev tsim ntawm lub cev
• keeb kwm ntawm kev nyuaj siab, tua tus kheej txoj kev xav, lossis cov mob hlwb
• keeb kwm kev quav yeeb tshuaj
• cov teeb meem ua pa, xws li hawb pob, mob ntsws, thiab mob ntsws
• teeb meem hauv lub plawv
• raum lossis mob rau daim siab, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj txhim kho hauv lub cev
• lub hnub nyoog, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kom yooj yim kom muaj kev phiv

Tej zaum yuav muaj lwm qhov laj thawj koj hnov ​​mob hnyav rau barbiturates. Nco ntsoov tham koj cov tshuaj thiab keeb kwm kev noj qab haus huv nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

Hu rau 911 lossis koj tus lej kub ceev hauv ib cheeb tsam yog tias koj lossis ib tus neeg koj paub tau noj ntau dhau los lossis yog koj muaj cov tsos mob no:

• tsaug zog heev
• teeb meem hais lus
• tsis muaj zog heev lossis nkees heev
• ua tsis taus pa qeeb
• tsis meej pem
• teeb meem nrog kev sib koom ua ke thiab sib npaug
• lub plawv dhia qeeb heev
• tig xiav
• poob hauv lub cev kub

Tsis muaj tshuaj thim rov qab rau kev kho mob ntawm barbiturate overdose. Kev siv lub tshuab hluav ncaig hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj ntau dhau los ntawm lub cev. Lwm txoj kev ntsuas suav nrog kev tswj kev ua pa, ua pa, thiab ua pa.

Cas yuav barbiturates piv rau benzodiazepines?

Barbiturates tau hloov chaw los ntawm benzodiazepines zoo li alprazolam (Xanax) thiab diazepam (Valium) los kho kev ntxhov siab thiab pw tsaug zog tsis zoo. Lawv muaj tsawg dua qhov tshwm sim thaum siv rau kev siv hauv tsev piv rau barbiturates.

Benzodiazepines ua haujlwm zoo ib yam los ntawm kev nce GABA kev ua haujlwm hauv lub hlwb. Lawv tsim tau qhov ntsuas kub kom xis los yog so. Tab sis yog tias siv ua ke nrog barbiturates, lawv tuaj yeem nce ntau tshaj qhov kev pheej hmoo.

Benzodiazepines kuj tseem muaj kev coj thaum siv lub sijhawm ntev. Lawv muaj cov kev phiv zoo ib yam thiab kev phom sij rau kev siv tsis raug. Benzodiazepines yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau lub sijhawm luv luv.

Hauv qab kab

Barbiturates tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam thaum xyoo 1900 mus txog rau xyoo 1970. Muaj ob peb txoj kev kho mob kom kho tau qaug dab peg, ntxhov siab, thiab pw tsis tsaug zog.

Cov kws kho mob tsis siv lawv thaum siv tsis raug thiab kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau sijhawm. Barbiturates muaj kev siv tsawg niaj hnub no, thiab muaj tshuaj nyob nyab xeeb ntxiv.

Txawm li cas los xij, barbiturates tseem raug tsim txom niaj hnub no. Kev phom sij rau kev haus dej cawv ntau dhau thaum lawv siv nrog kev haus cawv, opioids, benzodiazepines, lossis lwm yam tshuaj noj.

Barbiturates xav tau kev soj ntsuam nruj vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv ntau dhau thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv yam tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob.